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streamflow abrupt change and the driving factors in glacierized basins of Tarim Basin,Northwest China

Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 75-89页

作者： Cheng-De YANG Min XU Shi-Chang KANG Cong-Sheng FU Wei ZHANG Di-Di HU State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210000China

A climate transition towards warm-wet conditions in Northwest China has drawn much *** continuous climate change and universal glacier degradation,increasing water-related hazards and vulnerability have become one of the important problems facing the Tarim ***,the impacts of the climate transition on streamflow abrupt change and extreme hydrological events were less discussed,especially in glacial *** the present study,the discharge datasets in four glacial basins of Tarim Basin from 1979 to 2018 were constructed using the GRU-GSWAT+model *** differences in streamflow characteristics,the shift of hydrological extreme pattern,and potential changes of the controlling factors before and after the abrupt changes were *** results indicated that the abrupt change point(ACP)in streamflow occurred in 2000 in the Qarqan River Basin,2002 in the Weigan River Basin,and 1994 in the Aksu River Basin and the Yarkant River Basin.A general decrease in streamflow before the ACP has shifted to a notable upward trend in the Qarqan River Basin and the Aksu River Basin,while minor upward fluctuations were observed in other ***,the hydrological characteristics in extreme events vary dramatically before and after the ACPs,characterized by a pronouncing shift from drought-dominant pattern to wet events dominated *** driven climate factors have been altered after the ACPs with notable spatial heterogeneity,in which temperature remained as the dominant role in meltwater-dominated basins while the influence of precipitation has increased after the ACPs,whereas the sensitivity of temperature on streamflow change has been enhanced in basins dominated by precipitation such as the Qarqan River *** to the evident warming-wetting trend and glacier compensation effect,both the inter-annual and intra-annual streamflow fluctuations can be efficiently smoothed in basins with a high glacier area ratio(GAR).These findings provide a

关键词： Abrupt change streamflow Hybrid model Tarim Basin Glacier

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streamflow response to shrinking glaciers under changing climate in the Lidder Valley,Kashmir Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第6期15卷 1241-1253页

作者： asif marazi shakil a.romshoo Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir Srinagar Kashmir Indi

The study investigated the streamflow response to the shrinking cryosphere under changing climate in the Lidder valley, Upper Indus Basin(UIB), Kashmir Himalayas. We used a combination of multitemporal satellite data and topographic maps to evaluate the changes in area, length and volume of the glaciers from 1962 to 2013. A total of 37 glaciers from the Lidder valley, with an area of 39.76 km^2 in 1962 were selected for research in this study. It was observed that the glaciers in the valley have lost ~28.89 ±0.1% of the area and ~19.65 ±0.069% of the volume during the last 51 years, with variable interdecadal recession rates. Geomorphic and climatic influences on the shrinking glacier resources were studied. 30-years temperature records(1980-2010) in the study area showed a significant increasing trend in all the seasons. However, the total annual precipitation during the same period showed a nonsignificant decreasing trend except during the late summer months(July, August and September), when the increasing trend is significant. The depletion of glaciers has led to the significant depletion of the streamflows under the changing climate in the valley. Summer streamflows(1971-2012) have increased significantly till mid-nineties but decreased significantly thereafter, suggesting that the tipping point of streamflow peak, due to the enhanced glacier-melt contribution under increasing global temperatures, may have been already reached in the basin. The observed glacier recession and climate change patterns, if continued in future, would further deplete the streamflows with serious implications on water supplies for different uses in the region.

关键词： Glacier Mapping Glacier Volume Climate Change streamflow Himalayas

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streamflow response to climate variability and human activities in the upper catchment of the Yellow River Basin

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3249-3256页

作者： ZHAO FangFang XU ZongXue ZHANG Lu ZUO DePeng Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of EducationCollege of Water SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China CSIRO Land and Water Canberra ACT 2601Australia

Both sensitivity-based method and simulation method are used to analyze the streamflow response to climate variability and human activities in the upper catchment of the Yellow River Basin (UYRB) in this study. The separation regime of effects from climate variability and human activities is investigated. Results show that the changes of streamflow are more sensitive to precipitation than potential evapotranspiration (PET). Effect of climate variability on streamflow estimated using the sensitivity-based method is weak in the upper catchment of Jimai station, and strong in the upper catchment of Lanzhou station, where the climate effects accounted for about 50% of total streamflow changes. Effects of human activities on streamflow accounted for about 40% in the UYRB, with weaker effects in the upper catchment of Tangnaihai station than those in the upper catchment of Lanzhou station. Both climate variability and human activities are main factors to affect the changes of streamflow in the UYRB.

关键词： climate variability human activities Yellow River streamflow response

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streamflow and Soil Moisture of Agroforestry and Grass Watersheds in Hilly Area

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Pedosphere 2004年第2期14卷 263-268页

作者： LIUGang-Cai TIANGuang-Long SHUDong-Cai LINSan-Yi LIUShu-Zhen InsLiLuLeofMountainHazardsandEnvironment ChineseAcademyofSciencesandMinistryofWaterResourcesP.O.Box417Chengdu610041（China）.E-mail：liugc@*** InstituteofEcology UniversityofGeorgiaEcologyAnnexAthensGA30602（USA） SichuanUniversity Chengdu610015（China）

A study was conducted in a hilly area of Sichuan Province,Southwestern China, to compare the streamflow and soil moisture in two upland watersheds with different land use patterns. One was an agroforestry watershed, which consisted mainly of trees with alder (Alnus cremastogyne Burkill) and cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl.) planted in belts or strips with a coverage of about 46%, and the other was a grassland primarily composed of lalang grass (Imperata cylindrica var. major (Nees) C. E. Hubb.), filamentary clematis (Clematis filamentosa Dunn) and common eulaliopsis (Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C. E. Hubb) with a coverage of about 44%. streamflow measurement with a hydrograph established at the watershed outlet showed that the average annual streamflow per 100 mm rainfall from 1983 to 1992 was 0.36 and 1.08 L s-1 km-2 for the agroforestry watershed and the grass watershed, respectively. This showed that the streamflow of the agroforestry watershed was reduced by 67% when compared to that of the grass watershed. The peak average monthly streamflow in the agroforestry watershed was over 5 times lower than that of the grass watershed and lagged by one month. In addition, the peak streamflow during a typical rainfall event of 38.3 mm in August 1986 was 37% lower in the agroforestry watershed than in the grass watershed. Results of the moisture contents of the soil samples from 3 slope locations (upper, middle and lower slopes) indicated that the agroforestry watershed maintained generally higher soil moisture contents than the grass watershed within 0-20 and 20-80 cm soil depths for the upper slope, especially for the period from May through July. For the other (middle and lower) slopes, soil moisture contents within 20-80 cm depth in the agroforestry watershed was generally lower than those in the grass watershed, particularly in September, revealing that water consumption by trees took place mainly below the plow layer. Therefore, agroforestry land use types might off

关键词： agroforestry soil moisture streamflow

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Impacts of permafrost degradation on streamflow in the northern Himalayas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1990-2000页

作者： Linfeng FAN Fang JI Xingxing KUANG Zhilin GUO Rui ZHANG Chunmiao ZHENG State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development Hohai UniversityNanjing 210024China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Eastern Institute for Advanced Study Ningbo 315200China

The Himalayan water tower provides crucial water resources for *** degradation is deemed to exert important impacts on streamflow in the Himalayan ***,the magnitudes of such impacts remain poorly ***,we established a robust hydrological model that incorporated active layer deepening and ground ice melt for the drainage basin of the largest river in the northern Himalayas-the Yarlung Zangbo River(YZR).We estimated that permafrost degradation led to~0.65 km^(3)/yr decrease in surface runoff and~0.35 km^(3)/yr increase in baseflow and ground ice melt contributed~0.25% to the annual streamflow in the YZR for the period ***“fill-and-spill”mechanism helps explain the seeming contradiction of observed increasing versus decreasing baseflow in different permafrost regions *** propose that the dilution of riverine dissolved organic carbon(DOC)concentrations by baseflow may lead to the riverine DOC hysteresis *** study not only lays solid scientific basis for water resources management in the Himalayas,but also yields new insights into how to interpret measured river discharge and nutrient flux in permafrost regions over the globe.

关键词： Permafrost degradation Hydrology streamflow Surface runoff Groundwater Himalayas

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Inter-annual variation of streamflow,precipitation and evaporation in a small humid watershed(Chengcun Basin,China)

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第2期32卷 455-468页

作者： Mark AMO-BOATENG 李致家管仪庆 College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University

For sustainable water resource management,it is important to determine the relationship between streamfl ow and other variables that infl uence availability of water ***,many catchments do not have suffi cient data to allow for a more detailed study of these *** faced a similar challenge in the Chengcun Basin(limited historical data: from 1986–1999); and therefore we used a new approach to overcome *** found that,using nonparametric trend methods in conjunction with the climate elasticity analyses and the 2D visualization of hydrologic data,it is possible to assess the relationships between streamfl ow and other hydro-climatic *** the past,streamfl ow trends in the basin were more correlated with precipitation than with potential evapotranspiration(PET).In addition,there is a gradual shift in the hydrological regime of the catchment,which may affect the occurrence of available water resources and activities that depend on *** addition,based on our climate sensitivity analyses,the streamfl ow is dependent and more sensitive to variations in precipitation than to PET(δQ=0.79δP+0.42δE; precipitation elasticity,ε P=1.32; PET elasticity,ε E=-2.10).Therefore pending more detailed studies,the use of our approach will provide a rapid means to assess the variation of water resources(streamfl ow)in a *** the future,we hope to carry out related research in other watersheds and also perform a more detailed studies to improve upon the results of this study.

关键词： trend Mann-Kendall test climate elasticity Sen's slope streamflow 2D visualization hydrologic data

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Why lowland riparian trees are difficult to use for streamflow reconstruction

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 219-230页

作者： Xiaomei Peng Shengchun Xiao Bao Yang Quanyan Tian Vladimir V.Shishov Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000People's Republic of China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023People's Republic of China Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarskRussia 660041

Existing streamflow reconstructions based on tree-ring analysis mostly rely on species from upland,mainly montane areas,while lowland species(generally plain)areas are rarely *** limits the understanding of streamflow change history in the lowlands,which is an important basis for water resource *** study focused on Populus euphratica stands located along the main stream,eastern and western tributaries in the lower reaches of the Heihe River basin(HRb),in arid northwestern *** investigated how streamflow regulation interferes with ripar-ian trees in lowlands when they used for streamflow ***-ring width chronologies were developed and analyzed in conjunction with meteorological and hydrologic observation *** results show streamflow regulation leads in sharp fluctuations in the streamflow allocation between the eastern tributaries and western *** resulted in instability of the correlation between streamflow at the two tributaries and at the Zhengyixia hydrologic station,with corresponding fluctuations in radial growth of poplar trees on the banks of the two tributaries and at the *** regulation altered the natural patterns of seasonal streamflow below the station,changing the time window of poplar *** study provides useful insight into tree-ring width based streamflow reconstruction in the lowlands.

关键词： Tree-ring width-Dendrochronology Populus euphratica The Ejina Oasis streamflow

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Separating impacts of vegetation change and climate variability on streamflow using hydrological models together with vegetation data

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第7期55卷 1964-1972页

作者： LI HuiYun ZHANG YongQiang WANG BenDe Nanjing Institute of Geography ＆ Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China CSIRO Land and Water GPO BOX 1666 CanberraACT 2601 Australia Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China

Vegetation information is seldom considered in lumped conceptual rainfall-runoff *** paper uses two modified rainfall-runoff models,the Xinanjiang-ET and SIMHYD-ET models in which vegetation leaf area index is incorporated,to investigate impacts of vegetation change and climate variability on streamflow in a Southern Australian catchment,the Crawford River experimental catchment,where Tasmanian blue gum plantations were introduced gradually from 1998 till *** Xinanjiang-ET and SIMHYD-ET models incorporate remotely-sensed leaf area index(LAI) data obtained from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR) on board NOAA polar orbiting *** to the original versions,the Xinanjiang-ET and SIMHYD-ET models show marginal improvements in runoff simulations in the pre-plantation period(1882-1997).The calibrated Xinanjaing-ET and SIMHYD-ET models are then used to simulate plantation impact on streamflow in the post-plantation *** total change in streamflow between the pre-plantation and post-plantation periods is 32.4 mm/*** modelling results from the two models show that plantation reduces streamflow by 20.5 mm/a,and climate variability reduces streamflow by 11.9 mm/*** results suggest that increase in plantations can reduce streamflow substantially,even more than climate variability.

关键词： vegetation change climate variability streamflow leaf area index hydrological model Crawford River

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Evaluation of Routed-Runoff from Land Surface Models and Reanalyses Using Observed streamflow in Chinese River Basins

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第1期34卷 73-87页

作者： Yue MIAO Aihui WANG Nansen–Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

Previous studies have demonstrated that offline land surface models(LSMs)and global hydrological models(GHMs)can reasonably reproduce streamflow in large river *** reanalyses supply fine spatiotemporal runoff estimates,but they are not fully intercompared and evaluated in *** study assesses the routed-runoff from five offline LSM/GHM runs(VIC-CN05.1,CLM-CFSR,CLM-ERAI,CLM-MERRA,and CLM-NCEP)and three reanalysis datasets(ERAI/Land,JRA55,and MERRA-2)against the gauged streamflow(26 stations)in major Chinese river basins during 1980–*** Catchment-based Macro-scale Floodplain model(CaMa-Flood)is employed to route those runoff datasets to the hydrological *** statistical quantities,including the correlation coefficient(R),standard deviation(STD),Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient(NSE),and relative error(RE),along with a ranking method,are used to quantify the quality of those *** results show that the spatial patterns of both modeled and observed streamflow in summer are similar,but their magnitudes are *** for MERRA-2,the other products can reproduce well the interannual variability of streamflow in both the Yangtze and Yellow River *** products generally underestimate the magnitude and variance of monthly streamflow,while VIC-CN05.1 and JRA55 are closer to observations compared to other *** correlation coefficients for all products are overall larger than 0.61,with the highest value(0.85)from *** addition to CLM-MERRA,MERRA-2,and CLM-NCEP with relatively small precipitation,other products can simulate peak flow well with positive NSEs up to 0.41(ERAI/Land).Considerable uncertainties exist among the eight products at the Yellow River outlet,which might be because the LSMs ignore frequent human *** on the above statistics,performances of the eight runoff products are ranked in descending order as follows:VIC-CN05.1,ERAI/Land,JRA55,CLM-CFSR,CLM-ERAI,MERRA-2,CLM-MERRA,and CLM-NCE

关键词： runoff land surface model(LSM) reanalysis data Catchment-based Macro-scale Floodplain model(CaMa-Flood) observed streamflow

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A Modified Groundwater Module in SWAT for Improved streamflow Simulation in a Large, Arid Endorheic River Watershed in Northwest China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第1期28卷 47-60页

作者： JIN Xin HE Chansheng ZHANG Lanhui ZHANG Baoqing College of Geographical Science Qinghai Normal University Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education) Center for Dryland Water Resources Research and Watershed Science College of Environment and Earth Science Lanzhou University Department of Geography Western Michigan University

Interactions between surface water and groundwater are dynamic and complex in large endorheic river watersheds in Northwest China due to the influence of both irrigation practices and the local terrain. These interactions interchange numerous times throughout the middle reaches, making streamflow simulation a challenge in endorheic river watersheds. In this study, we modified the linear-reservoir groundwater module in SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tools, a widely used hydrological model) with a new nonlinear relationship to better represent groundwater processes; we then applied the original SWAT and modified SWAT to the Heihe River Watershed, the second largest endorheic river watershed in Northwest China, to simulate streamflow. After calibrating both the original SWAT model and the modified SWAT model, we analyzed model performance during two periods: an irrigation period and a non-irrigation period. Our results show that the modified SWAT model with the nonlinear groundwater module performed significantly better during both the irrigation and non-irrigation periods. Moreover, after comparing different runoff components simulated by the two models, the results show that, after the implementation of the new nonlinear groundwater module in SWAT, proportions of runoff components changed-and the groundwater flow had significantly increased, dominating the discharge season. Therefore, SWAT coupled with the non-linear groundwater module represents the complex hydrological process in the study area more realistically. Moreover, the results for various runoff components simulated by the modified SWAT models can be used to describe the hydrological characteristics of lowland areas. This indicates that the modified SWAT model is applicable to simulate complex hydrological process of arid endorheic rivers.

关键词： Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) groundwater irrigation streamflow Heihe River

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