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Dynamics of major air pollutants from crop residue burning in China's Mainland,2000–2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第8期30卷 190-205页

作者： Quanfeng Jin Xiangqing Ma Guangyu Wang Xiajie Yang Futao Guo College of Forestry Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Co-innovation Center for Soil and Water Conservation in the Red Soil Region of the Cross-straits Fuzhou 350002China Li Shui Vocational Technical College Lishui 323000China Asia-Pacific Forest Research Centre Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada

Based on satellite image data and China＇s Statistical Yearbooks（2000 to 2014）, we estimated the total mass of crop residue burned, and the proportion of residue burned in the field vs.indoors as domestic fuel. The total emissions of various pollutants from the burning of crop residue were estimated for 2000-2014 using the emission factor method. The results indicate that the total amount of crop residue and average burned mass were 8690.9 Tg and4914.6 Tg, respectively. The total amount of emitted pollutants including CO2, CO, NOx,VOCs, PM（2.5）, OC（organic carbon）, EC（element carbon） and TC（total carbon） were 4212.4–8440.9 Tg, 192.8–579.4 Tg, 4.8–19.4 Tg, 18.6–61.3 Tg, 18.8–49.7 Tg, 6.7–31.3 Tg, 2.3–4.7 Tg, and8.5–34.1 Tg, respectively. The emissions of pollutants released from crop residue burning were found to be spatially variable, with the burning of crop residue mainly occurring in Northeast, North and South China. In addition, pollutant emissions per unit area（10 km ×10 km） were mostly concentrated in the central and eastern regions of China. Emissions of CO2, NOx, VOCs, OC and TC were mainly from rice straw burning, while burning of corn and wheat residues contributed most to emissions of CO, PM（2.5） and EC. The increased ratio of PM（2.5） emissions from crop residue burning to the total emitted from industry during the study period is attributed to the implementation of strict emissions management policies in Chinese industry. This study also provides baseline data for assessment of the regional atmospheric environment.

关键词： Agricultural pollutants Crop residue straw burning Air pollution Temporal and spatial variations

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Comparisons of two serious air pollution episodes in winter and summer in Beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第7期30卷 141-154页

作者： Nianliang Cheng Yunting Li Bingfen Cheng Xin Wang Fan Meng Qin Wang Qihong Qiu Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology of Beijing Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring CenterBeijing 100048 China College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Characteristics of two serious air pollution episodes（9–15 January, as the winter case; and30 June to 1 July, as the summer case）, which occurred in Beijing in 2013 were investigated and compared using multi-method observations and numerical simulations. During these two air pollution episodes, PM2.5 concentrations varied significantly within Beijing, with PM2.5 concentrations in southern parts of Beijing being significantly higher than in northern areas. Typically, heavy air pollution episodes begin in the southern parts and disperse towards the northern parts of Beijing. Clearly, synoptic patterns and the stability of atmospheric circulation patterns were the main factors controlling air pollution in Beijing.During the winter case, a warm center above 900 h Pa occurred over Beijing. Meanwhile, in the summer case, although there was only a weak inversion, the convective inhibition energy was strong（over 200 J/k G）. This clearly influenced the duration of the air pollution event. Except for the local accumulation and secondary atmospheric reactions in both cases, regional straw burnings contributed a lot to the PM2.5 concentrations in summer case.Using the CAMxmodel, we established that regional transport contributed almost 59% to the PM2.5 averaged concentration in Beijing in the winter case, but only 31% in the summer case. Thus, the winter case was a typical regional air pollution episode, while the summer case resulted from local accumulation straw burnings transportation and strong secondary atmospheric reactions. Given that air pollution is a regional problem in China, consistent and simultaneous implementation of regional prevention and control strategies is necessary to improve regional air quality.

关键词： Air pollution episodes PM2.5 Regional transport Beijing Convective inhibition energy straw burning

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