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科学大众(中学生) 2004年第11期 34-36页

在《英文角斗场》中,每篇文章都是精选自英美中小学生的读物和教材噢。如果你想了解自己的英文程度,就进来试试吧。有不懂的单词,记得要翻翻英文词典,或者问问博学的老师。如果你能看懂的话,那就把大概的意思写出来寄给我们吧,精美的礼... 详细信息

在《英文角斗场》中,每篇文章都是精选自英美中小学生的读物和教材噢。如果你想了解自己的英文程度,就进来试试吧。有不懂的单词,记得要翻翻英文词典,或者问问博学的老师。如果你能看懂的话,那就把大概的意思写出来寄给我们吧,精美的礼品等着你!

关键词：中小学生 AS 英文词典 straw 角斗场双簧管

Improving physicochemical characteristics and anaerobic digestion performance of rice straw via ammonia pretreatment at varying concentrations and moisture levels

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第2期28卷 541-547页

作者： Hairong Yuan Ruolin Guan Akiber Chufo Wachemo Yatian Zhang Xiaoyu Zuo Xiujin Li Centre for Resource and Environmental Research Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyNo 15 Beisanhuan East RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100029China Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering Arba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia Capital Aerospace Machinery Company Beijing 100076China

Rice straw physicochemical characteristics and anaerobic digestion(AD)performance via ammonia pretreatment at varying ammonia concentrations(2%,4%,and 6%)and moisture contents(30%,50%,70%,and 90%)under a mild condition were *** results showed that the ammonia pretreatment effectively damaged the rice straw structure,increased the soluble organic concentration,and improved rice straw hydrolysis and AD *** pretreatment,the ester bond and ether bond were ruptured in lignocellulose and the volatile fatty acids(VFAs)were within the range of 1457.81–1823.67 mg·*** addition,ammonia pretreatment had high selectivity on lignin removal,resulting in a maximum lignin removal rate of 50.80%.The highest methane yield of rice straw was 250.34 ml·(g VS)-1 at a 4%ammonia concentration coupled with a 70%moisture content,which was 28.55%higher than that of the *** result showed that ammonia pretreatment of rice straw is technically suitable to enhance AD performance for further application.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Ammonia pretreatment Rice straw Physicochemical characteristics Lignocellulose

The relationships among sCOD, VFAs, microbial community, and biogas production during anaerobic digestion of rice straw pretreated with ammonia

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第1期28卷 286-292页

作者： Xiaoyu Zuo Hairong Yuan Akiber Chufo Wachemo Xitong Wang Liang Zhang Juan Li Hongliang Wen Jiaxi Wang Xiujin Li Department of Environmental Science and Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering Arba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia

This study investigated the effects of soluble chemical oxygen demand(s COD),volatile fatty acids(VFAs),and microbial community on biogas production in the process of rice straw(RS)anaerobic digestion(AD).The results showed that the s COD concentrations and VFA production appeared the same trend,which was inversely related with that of daily biogas *** cumulative methane yield of RS was 194.9 ml·(g VS)^-1·^-*** modified Gompertz model is the best fit for measured methane yields of RS in the three kinetic models of first-order kinetic,Cone and modified ***,Bacteroidetes,and Euryarchaeota were the dominant microbial phyla throughout AD *** the genus level,the microorganisms mainly composed of Clostridium,Vadin,Terrisporobacter,Methanosaeta,Methanobacterium,and *** showed strong relationship with s COD and VFA *** and Terrisporobacter displayed relationship with biogas ***,in order to improve the stability of the AD system,the parameter changes of VFAs,s COD,and biogas yield were monitored in the RS AD *** study can provide theoretical basis for improving the efficiency of RS AD.

关键词： Rice straw Biogas Kinetic Anaerobic digestion Microbial community

Effects of cultivation conditions on the diversity of microbes involved in the conversion of rice straw to fodder

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第1期19卷 67-73页

作者： YANG Hong-yan GAO Li-juan WANG Xiao-fen WANG Wei-dong CUI Zong-jun College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

To confirm the optimum cultivation conditions for analyzing lactic acid bacterial communities and to provide the cultivation foundation for lactic acid bacterial communities that were used to convert straw into fodder, fermented rice straw was inoculated into 13 different broths. After 48 h of cultivation, pH values, volatile products, and microbial diversity were analyzed. Except for LAB broth, the pH values of the other broths could decrease to approximately 4.5. GC/MS analysis showed that lactic acid in Tomato MRS broth, MRS broth, LAB broth, and Tomato juice broth was higher than that in the other broths. DNA concentration analysis showed that the counts of microbes in Tomato MRS broth were 2.5 times of those in other broths and that tomato juice favored the reproduction of the microbes. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） analysis showed that the number of lactic acid bacterial species in HYA broth, Tomato juice broth, and Tomato MRS broth were higher than those in the other broths.

关键词： straw cultivation condition microbial diversity DGGE

Hybrid straw/Perlite Reinforced Natural Rubber Biocomposites

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第6期16卷 1127-1142页

作者： Marcin Maslowski Justyna Miedzianowska Krzysztof Strzelec Institute of Polymer&Dye Technology Lodz University of TechnologyStefanowskiego 12/1690-924 LodzPoland

The purpose of the work is to prepare and characterize hybrid fillers of cereal straw perlite as well as to examine their impact on the functional properties of elastomeric *** rubber was used as the polymer matrix,vulcanized with a sulfuric crosslinking *** subject matter of the work included an interdisciplinary knowledge segment in the field of polymertechnology—hybrid *** work investigated the effect of physical(mecha nical)modificatio n of ligno cellulosic *** process of milling and homogenization of cereal straw with the addition of perlite was carried out in a planetary ball *** properties of biocomposites were examined in terms of two key aspects:The amount of hybrid filler and its ratio(cereal straw to natural mineral).The plate-like structure of natural minerals and the fibrous structure of cereal straw created a two-component filler,which influenced the properties of the produced biomaterials.A significant improvement in barrier,crosslinking density,hardness,mechanical and damping properties has been noted for systems containing hybrid ***,all vulcanizates proved to be resistant to the nnooxidative ***,the straw modificated with perlite fonned a more complex structure in the composites,resulting in a stronger reinforcing effect,which was confirmed by dynamic-mechanical analysis(Payne effect).

关键词： hybrid fillers straw perlite biocomposites natural rubber

Wheat straw-derived magnetic carbon foams: In-situ preparation and tunable high-performance microwave absorption

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Nano Research 2019年第6期12卷 1423-1429页

作者： Guangjun Gou Fanbin Meng Huagao Wang Man Jiang Wei Wei Zuowan Zhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

Recently,biomass-derived three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon materials have been gaining more interest as promising microwave absorbers due to their low cost,vast availability,and ***,a novel 3D interconnected porous magnetic carbon foams are in-situ synthesized via a combination of sol-gel and carbonization process with wheat straw as the carbon source and FeCl3·6H2O as the magnetic regulating *** the process of foams formation,the lignocelluloses from the steam-exploded wheat straw are converted into interconnected carbon sheet networks with hierarchical porous structures,and the precursor FeCl3·6H2O is converted into magnetic nanoparticles uniformly embedded in the porous carbon *** generated magnetic nanoparticles are benefit to enhance the interface polarization and magnetic loss ability to improve the efficient complementarities between the dielectric and magnetic loss,thus increasing the impedance *** obtained sample treated at 600 ℃ displays the best microwave absorption (MA) *** presents a minimal reflection loss (RL) of-43.6 dB at 7.1 GHz and the effective bandwidth (RL <-10 dB) is 3.3 GHz with the thickness of 4.7 *** 3D porous structure,multi-interfaces and the synergy of dielectric loss and magnetic loss make great contribution to the outstanding MA performance.

关键词： wheat straw magnetic biomass carbon foams microwave absorption interface polarization impedance matching

Magnetically Separable straw@Fe_(3)O_(4)/Cu_(2)O Composites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange under Visible Light Irradiation

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2023年第5期38卷 1003-1009页

作者： Wang Jingjing Zhang Yawen School of Materials Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of TechnologyYancheng 224051China

Fe_(3)O_(4)and Cu_(2)O were successively immobilized on alkali-treated straw,and the magnetically separable straw@Fe_(3)O_(4)/Cu_(2)O composite was *** straw@Fe_(3)O_(4)/Cu_(2)O was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry,*** performance of the straw@Fe_(3)O_(4)/Cu_(2)O was evaluated by measuring the degradation of methyl orange(MO)under irradiation of visible *** introduction of Fe3O4 not only endowed the straw@Fe_(3)O_(4)/Cu_(2)O with magnetic separation feature but also significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity because Fe3O4 could prevent recombination of hole-electron *** active species capture experiment showed that holes(h+),hydroxyl(∙OH)and superoxide(∙O2ˉ)radicals all took part in the MO *** addition,the photocatalytic mechanism of straw@Fe_(3)O_(4)/Cu_(2)O was proposed based on the experimental *** five cycles for the photodegradation of MO,the straw@Fe_(3)O_(4)/Cu_(2)O still displayed good photocatalytic activity,suggesting that the as-prepared composite had great potential for practical use in wastewater treatment.

关键词： straw Cu_(2)O Fe_(3)O_(4) Photocatalysis Visible light

Radiation grafting of poly(vinyl acetate) onto wheat straw and properties of the product

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第11期28卷 172-179页

作者： Ping Qu Guo-Feng Wu Jing-Xia Wu Yong-Fu Zhao Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science

Poly(vinyl acetate)(PVAc) was grafted onto wheat straw by γ-irradiation to improve the compatibility between wheat straw and high-density polyethelene(PE).The grafting was proved by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. The compact structure of wheat straw was loosened because the chemical bonds and crystalline structure were destructed by the γ-rays. The modified wheat straw needed less energy for thermal transition, as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Thermal analysis revealed that grafted PVAc acted as a protective barrier for the wheat straw and leads to an increase in maximum pyrolysis temperature. The crystallite size of grafted wheat straw decreased to 5.33 nm from 5.63 nm before irradiation. There were holes in melted form appeared on the surface of the grafted wheat *** the grafted PVAc and irradiation are beneficial to lower the torque of wheat straw/PE melts and improve its mechanical properties by 36%. Possible mechanism of irradiation grafting was proposed.

关键词： Wheat straw Poly(vinyl acetate) Radiation grafting Composites

Research and Application Progress of straw

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第2期11卷 599-623页

作者： Ben Chen Sarah Mohrmann Haitao Li Milan Gaff Rodolfo Lorenzo Ileana Corbi Ottavia Corbi Kaidong Fang Min Li College of Civil Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Joint International Research Laboratory for Bio-Composite Building Materials and Structures Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Department of Furniture Design and Habitat BrnoMendel University in BrnoBrno61300Czech Republic University College London LondonWC1E6BTUK University of Naples Federico II Naples80133Italy Lianyungang Baolisen Industrial Co. Ltd.Lianyungang222500China

straw is a general term for the stem and leaf parts of mature crops,and is a multi-purpose renewable biomass energy resource in the agricultural *** prospect of comprehensive utilization of straw has become broad with the development of agricultural production,the advancement of science and technology,and the improvement of the level of agricultural *** comprehensive utilization of straw plays an important role in enhancing the sustainable development ability of agricultural economy and improving the current situation of comprehensive utilization of agricultural resources in my *** paper briefly combs the development history of straw and the prospect and current situation of comprehensive utilization,and expounds the separation technology of straw components,straw man-made panels,straw concrete,straw returning technology and oyster mushroom *** focuses on the description of the component separation technology of straw and the manufacturing process of straw-based *** different separation methods and separation effects of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin were introduced in detail,and the static yield strength(MOR),internal bonding strength(IB)and water absorption thickness of several common straw-based panels were compared and studied(TS).Finally,it summarizes the benefit analysis of the comprehensive utilization of straw by scholars from the perspective of economics,and summarizes the corresponding measures based on their own views.

关键词： straw comprehensive utilization component separation technology straw-based panel straw concrete

The effects of co-utilizing green manure and rice straw on soil aggregates and soil carbon stability in a paddy soil in southern China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第5期22卷 1529-1545页

作者： ZHANG Zi-han NIE Jun LIANG Hai WEI Cui-lan WANG Yun LIAO Yu-lin LU Yan-hong ZHOU Guo-peng GAO Song-juan CAO Wei-dong College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha 410125P.R.China College of Environment and Ecology Jiangsu Open UniversityNanjing 210036P.R.China Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China

The co-utilization of green manure (GM) and rice straw (RS) in paddy fields has been widely applied as an effective practice in southern ***,its effects on soil aggregate and soil organic carbon (SOC) stability remain *** the present study,the effect of GM,RS,and co-utilization of GM and RS on particle size distribution of soil aggregates and SOC density fractions were measured in a field *** experiment included six treatments,i.e.,winter fallow (WF) without RS return (Ctrl),WF with 50%RS return (1/2RS),WF with 100%RS return (RS),GM without RS return (GM),GM with 50%RS return (GM1/2RS) and GM with 100%RS return (GMRS).The results showed that the proportion of small macro-aggregates (0.25–2 mm) and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates in the GMRS treatment was greater (by 18.9 and 3.41%,respectively) than in the RS treatment,while the proportion of silt+clay particles (straw cultivated the SOC pool by increasing the concentration of fLOC and improved soil carbon stability by promoting the sequestration of organic carbon in iPOC as a form of physical protection.

关键词： soil aggregation milk vetch rice straw SoC density fractions C stability paddy soil