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Technical efficiency of cocoa farms at varying elevation levels in Davao City, Philippines: implications to sustainable upland farming systems

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 33-48页

作者： Francis Levi A.DURANO Jon Marx SARMIENTO Larry N.DIGAL Pedro A.ALVIOLA IV School of Management University of the Philippines MindanaoDavao City 8000Philippines

Elevation is one of many components that influence agriculture, and this in turn affects the level of both inputs and outputs of farmers. This article focuses on the productivity and technical efficiency of 100 cocoa farms using cross-sectional data from areas ranging from 190 to 1021 m above sea level which were classified as low, medium, and high elevation in Davao City, considered as the chocolate capital of the Philippines. Using stochastic frontier analysis, the results showed that the cost of inputs per ha and the number of cocoa trees per ha significantly increase yield. Farms at high elevations were less technically efficient, as this entails lower temperatures and increased rainfall, and cocoa farming in those areas and conditions can be more challenging, especially with changes in farming practices, terrain, and distance to markets. Other significant variables were age of cocoa farms, married farmers, and age of the farmers. Older farms may be more developed, farmers who are married benefit from their spouses being able to readily contribute as farm labor, and lastly, older farmers' inefficiency may likely stem from nonadaptation of newer farming practices. With an average technical efficiency of 0.61, 0.63, and 0.26 in low, medium, and high elevation areas, respectively, farmers therefore have an incentive to improve farm practices and consider topographical variations found in high elevation areas. Recommendations for the improvement of technical efficiency of cocoa farms are better connectivity to markets, enhancing farm practices, and continuation and improvement of government programs on cocoa with an added emphasis on research. For farmers in high elevation areas, mitigating solutions such as sustainable agriculture practices and ecolabelling are key to improving efficiency and minimizing the potential negative impact on upland farming systems. Moreover, such adaptation measures may also contribute to sustainability of cocoa farming in high elevation

关键词： Cocoa farms Cobb-Douglas production function Elevation Philippines stochastic frontier analysis Technical efficiency

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A technical efficiency evaluation system for vegetable production in China

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2018年第3期5卷 345-353页

作者： Ying Xu Biao Zhang Lingxian Zhang Shangqiu University Applied Science and Technology College Kaifeng 475000China Fuyang Normal University Fuyang 236037China China Agricultural University Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Informationization Standardization Ministry of AgricultureBeijingChina

With the increasing demand for food worldwide,it has attracted increasing attention how to improve the agricultural production *** paper aims to develop a technical efficiency evaluation system for vegetable production to provided decisions for the practice of precision *** paper analyses the system-needs and business processes,and proposes a system framework which has three tiers architectures,based on B/S *** stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)algorithm model which is the incorporated into the system is *** system was tested and evaluated by real business data,which were from Beijing from 2003 to 2011 to test system performance based on the temporal perspective and China during 2011 and 2012 to test system performance based on the spatial *** results shows that the system achieves the business requirements with an intelligent tool for data management and technical efficiency evaluation for vegetable production to improve automation,efficiency and convenience.

关键词： Vegetable Technical efficiency stochastic frontier analysis Evaluating system China

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How Off-farm Employment Affects Technical Efficiency of China＇s Farms＂ The Case of Jiangsu

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China & World Economy 2016年第3期24卷 37-51页

作者： Linxiu Zhang Weiliang Su Tor Eriksson Chengfang Liu Professor Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences China PhD candidate Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natm'al Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Professor Department of Economics and Business Economics Aarhus University Denmark. Associate Professor School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University China

Using three-wave survey data for four villages of Jiangsu Province in China, the present paper examines whether and to what extent off-farm employment affects the technical efficiency of agricultural production. The level of technical efficiency is measured using a stochastic frontier production function approach. Based on estimation results from instrumental variable panel quantile regressions we find that there is a positive significant effect of off-farm employment on the level of farm technical efficiency. We also find that fragmentation of farmland is a barrier to the improvement of technical efficiency. In addition, we find a downward trend in the level of agricultural technical efficiency among our sample. Therefore, the Chinese Government should stimulate agricultural mechanization and the development of farming techniques to improve technical efficiency in the context of increasing off-farm employment.

关键词： off-farm employment stochastic frontier analysis technical efficiency

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Impact of environmental regulations on the efficient control of industrial pollution in China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2021年第3期19卷 230-236页

作者： Mian Yang Xinghong Yan Qiangyi Li Economics and Management School Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Center for Population Resources and Environmental EconomicsWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China

The continuous progress of industrialization is a fundamental cause of China’s increasingly severe environmental pollution *** the efficiency of industrial pollution control is an inevitable choice to effectively decrease pollution emissions,thus winning the battle of pollution prevention and *** this paper,we used the stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)model to measure the provincial efficiency of industrial pollution control based on the input and output data of industrial pollution control of 29 administrative provinces in China from 2000 to *** this basis,a spatial econometric model was used to explore the influence of environmental regulation intensity on the efficiency of industrial pollution *** addition,the spatial spillover effect of pollution reduction was thoroughly *** results show that:(1)The efficiency of industrial pollution control in China has improved year by year,but the overall efficiency is still low,with the average value increasing from 0.165 in 2000 to 0.309 in ***,there is significant regional heterogeneity with the highest efficiency level in the east and lowest efficiency level in the west.(2)By increasing the financial and material input,the efficiency of industrial pollution control has ***,the increase of human input has not been so helpful.(3)The global Moran’s I index is significantly greater than zero,indicating a strong spatial correlation and agglomeration in the efficiency of industrial pollution control,which is reflected in high-high agglomeration in the eastern region and low-low agglomeration in the western region.(4)Stringent environmental regulation has a positive effect on improving the efficiency of industrial pollution *** also imposes a positive spatial spillover effect,indicating a strategic interaction and coordination of regional pollution *** line with this,related proposals have been made to optimize the investment structure for environm

关键词： Industrial pollution control efficiency Environmental regulation stochastic frontier analysis Spatial spillover effect

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Is Bilateral Value Added in Trade between China and EU Countries Efficient?

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China & World Economy 2022年第3期30卷 210-238页

作者： Haiou Mao Ling Xiong College of Economics and Management Huazhong Agriculture UniversityChina Institute for International Studies Wuhan UniversityChina

By applying stochastic frontier analysis,and replacing total export with value added in exports as a more accurate measure of domestic content embodied in exports,we estimate the trade efficiency between China and EU countries and analyze the determinant *** results show that the value added in trade between China and EU countries is running at a low level of efficiency,and the trade efficiency has an obvious imbalance between export and *** calculation of unexplored trade potential indicates that western EU countries,such as France,Germany,Italy,and Spain together are China 5 top trading partner with the highest unexploited trade *** on the principal component analysis of 14 trading-related variables,trade efficiency determinant results show that the tangible trade infrastructures of both exporter and importer matters most,including airports,container shipping,Internet,and broadband ***,intangible trade infrastructures,including customs procedures and domestic business environments,has a significant,but smaller influence on trade *** important findings shed light on practical trade policymaking to encourage Sino-EU trade collaboration.

关键词： China-EU trade stochastic frontier analysis trade efficiency value added in exports

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Comparative Study of Three Commonly Used Methods for Hospital Efficiency analysis in Beijing Tertiary Public Hospitals, China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2015年第23期128卷 3185-3190页

作者： Guo-Chao Xu Jian Zheng Zi-Jun Zhou Chuan-Kun Zhou Yang Zhao Department of Health Policy and Management School of Public Health Peking University Beijing 100191 China Office for the Party Affairs and Governance Peking University People's Hospital Beijing 100044 China China Center for Health Development Studies Peking University Beijing 100191 China

Background： Tertiary hospitals serve as the medical service center within the region and play an important role in the medical and health service system. They are also the key targets of public hospital reform in the new era in China. Through the reform of health system, the public hospital efficiency has changed remarkably. Therefore, this study aimed to provide some advice for efficiency assessment of public hospitals in China by comparing and analyzing the consistency of results obtained by three commonly used methods for examining hospital efficiency, that is, ratio analysis （RA）, stochastic frontier analysis （SFA）, and data envelopment analysis （DEA）. Methods： The theoretical basis, operational processes, and the application status of RA, SFA, and DEA were learned through literature analysis. Then, the empirical analysis was conducted based on measured data from 51 tertiary public hospitals in Beijing from 2009 to 2011. Results： The average values of hospital efficiency calculated by SFA with index screening and principal component analysis （PCA） results and those calculated by DEA with index screening results were relatively stable. The efficiency of specialized hospitals was higher than that of general hospitals and that of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals. The results obtained by SFA with index screening results and the results obtained by S FA with PCA results showed a relatively high correlation （r-value in 2009, 2010, and 2011 were 0.869, 0.753, and 0.842, respectively, P 〈 0.01）. The correlation between results obtained by DEA with index screening results and PCA results and results obtained by other methods showed statistical significance, but the correlation between results obtained by DEA with index screening results and PCA results was lower than that between results obtained by SFA with index screening results and PCA results. Conclusions： RA is not suitable for multi-index evaluation of hospital efficiency. In the given conditions, SFA is a s

关键词： China: Data Envelopment analysis Hospital Efficiency Ratio analysis stochastic frontier analysis

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Spatiotemporal patterns in urbanization efficiency within the Yangtze River Economic Belt between 2005 and 2014

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第8期28卷 1113-1126页

作者：金贵邓祥征赵晓东郭柏枢杨俊 Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science Hubei University Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Center for National Land Space Management Hubei University Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University

The question of how to generate maximum socio-economic benefits while at the same time minimizing input from urban land resources lies at the core of regional ecological civilization construction. We apply stochastic frontier analysis （SFA） in this study to municipal input-output data for the period between 2005 and 2014 to evaluate the urbanization efficiency of 110 cities within the Yangtze River Economic Belt （YREB） and then further assess the spatial association characteristics of these values. The results of this study initially reveal that the urbanization efficiency of the YREB increased from 0.34 to 0.53 between 2005 and 2014, a significant growth at a cumulative rate of 54.07%. Data show that the efficiency growth rate of cities within the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has been faster than that of their counterparts in the middle and lower reaches, and that there is also a great deal of ad- ditional potential for growth in urbanization efficiency across the whole area. Secondly, results show that urbanization efficiency conforms to a ＂bar-like＂ distribution across the whole area, gradually decreasing from the east to the west. This trend highlights great intra-provincial differences, but also striking inter-provincial variation within the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The total urbanization efficiency of cities within the lower reaches of the river has been the highest, followed successively by those within the middle and upper reaches. Finally, values for Moran＇s / within this area remained higher than zero over the study period and have increased annually; this result indicates a positive spatial correlation between the urbanization efficiency of cities and annual increments in agglomeration level. Our use of the local indicators of spatial association （LISA） statistic has enabled us to quantify characteristics of ＂small agglomeration and large dispersion＂. Thus, ＂high- high＂（H-H） agglomeration areas can be seen to have spre

关键词： urbanization efficiency stochastic frontier analysis spatial autocorrelation analysis spatiotemporal patterns Yangtze River Economic Belt

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Management of Public Finance and Sustainable Growth in a Developing Country： The Case of Cameroon

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2014年第5期4卷 351-357页

作者： ALIMA NDONGO Christine Emestine Senior Economics and Statistics Engineer Ministry of Finance Yaounde Cameroon

This paper studies the efficiency of the public financial management system in a developing country （Cameroon） by using time series data from 2000 to 2012. It shows the impact of characteristics variables of this sector in the process of sustainable growth. The contribution of these indicators in sustainable development, notably public expenditures, debt servicing or public debt and fiscal revenue is determined by using the Stoehastie frontier analysis approach （SFA）. A significant connection between public expenditures, debt servicing and sustainable growth ratio is established by the model studied. The research results show an encouraging but low level of efficiency in State financial management policy. Thus, in order to avoid a sovereign debt crisis that developed countries of Europe are facing these current days, some efforts must continue to be done not only to control the public debt, but also for a better allowance of public expenditures and a good collection of State revenue.

关键词： Efficiency sovereign debt stochastic frontier analysis sustainable growth.

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Innovation and Technical Efficiency in the Smallholder Dairy Production System in Ethiopia

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2013年第2期3卷 151-164页

作者： Amlaku Asres Johann Solkner Maria Wurzinger Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Gregor-Mendel-Str. 331180 Vienna Austria

This study provides estimates of smallholder household＇s production efficiency and its determinants, and separately analyses the technical efficiency of dairy technology adopting and non-adopting farmers using data from Ethiopia. Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function was modeled in the context of local level agricultural innovation systems framework and estimated using 2011 milk production data on 304 dairy farmers. Results show that the mean level of technical efficiency among the sampled farmers was about 26%. This result suggests that there is room for significant increases of production through reallocation of existing resources. Despite significant variation among farmers, these results also indicate only 19% of farmers have mean efficiency scores （_〉 50%）, implying a need to focus on creating innovation capacity that pushes the production frontier outward in the dairy production system. It is also revealed that individual farm households＇ efficiency varied widely across dairy technology adoption status, gender and districts. The significant gamma （g） statistic, of 0.9985 in the analysis indicates that about 99.85% variation in the output of milk production would be attributed to technical inefficiency effects （those under farmer＇s control） while only 0.0015% would be due to random effects, i.e., beyond the farmers control and hence calling for a focus on efficiency enhancing investments. Education, farm size, extension visit and off-farm income opportunity were found to be efficiency enhancing. The study recommends that different components of an agricultural innovation system have to interact to improve the innovation capacity of different actors and thereby improve the estimated technical inefficiencies.

关键词： Agricultural innovation systems dairy Ethiopia stochastic frontier analysis technical inefficiency.

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Primary Educational Productivity ： A Study Based on stochastic frontier Educational Production Function Model

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International Journal of Technology Management 2014年第6期 51-54页

作者： Miao Renyu Jin Yifeng School of Statistics and Mathematics Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou China School of Finance Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou China

This paper builds a stochastic frontier educational production function model, estimating the primary educational productivity with annual data of 31 provinces from 2007 to 2011. The conclusions are as follows：（1） in educational production function, output elasticity of public educational expenditure exceeds private educational expenditure＇s. The degrees of contribution of public and private educational expenditure reflect that China should increase public educational expenditure. （2） regional educational technical efficiency is affected by both structure of educational expenditure and levels of regional economic growth. Primary educational technical efficiency of east, middle and west regions all tended to fall down during 2007 to 2011.

关键词： Educational Exoenditure, Educational Productivity stochastic frontier analysis

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