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Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer and Combustion of a stirling engine Combustor Fueled by Reformed Gas and Diesel Fuel

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第5期33卷 1907-1919页

作者： LAN Jian ZHAO Yanchun LIN Guangtao LI Yelin REN Zhe LYU Tian SHEN Mengmeng GU Genxiang HAN Dong Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and engineering Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Shanghai Marine Diesel engine Research Institute Shanghai 201108China

Thermochemical recuperation heat recovery is an advanced waste heat utilization technology that can effectively recover exhaust waste heat from oxy-fuel stirling *** novel combustor of a stirling engine with thermochemical recuperation heat recovery system is expected to utilize both reformed gas and diesel fuels as sources of *** this research,the effects of various factors,including the H_(2)O addition,fuel distribution ratio(FDR),excess oxygen coefficient,and cyclone structure on the temperature distribution in the combustor,combustion emissions,and external combustion system efficiency of the stirling engine were experimentally *** the increase of steam-to-carbon ratio(S/C),the temperature difference between the upper and lower heating tubes reduces and the circumferential temperature fluctuation decreases,and the combustion of diesel and reformed gas remains close to complete *** S/C=2,the external combustion efficiency is 80.6%,indicating a 1.6%decrease compared to conventional *** the increase of FDR,the temperature uniformity of the heater tube is improved,and the CO and HC emissions ***,the impact of the FDR on the maximum temperature difference and temperature fluctuation across the heater is *** the FDR rises from 21%to 38%,the external combustion efficiency increases from 87.4%to92.3%.The excess oxygen coefficient plays a secondary role in influencing temperature uniformity and temperature difference,and the reformed gas and diesel fuel can be burned efficiently at a low excess oxygen coefficient of *** an increase in the cyclone angle,the heater tube temperature increases,while the maximum temperature difference at the lower part decreases,and the temperature fluctuation ***,the CO and HC emissions increase,and the external combustion efficiency experiences a decrease.A cyclone angle of 30°is found to be an appropriate value for achieving optimal

关键词： stirling engine fuel reforming synthetic gas oxy-combustion external combustion efficiency

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Development and Test of Combustion Chamber for stirling engine Heated by Natural Gas

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Journal of Thermal Science 2014年第2期23卷 196-201页

作者： LI Tie SONG Xiange GUI Xiaohong TANG Dawei LI Zhigang CAO Wenyu Institute of engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing International Studies University

The combustion chamber is an important component for the Stifling engine heated by natural gas. In the paper, we develop a combustion chamber for the Stifling engine which aims to generate 3-5 kWe electric power. The combustion chamber includes three main components： combustion module, heat exchange cavity and thermal head. Its feature is that the structure can divide ＂combustion＂ process and ＂heat transfer＂ process into two appar- ent individual steps and make them happen one by one. Since natural gas can mix with air fully before burning, the combustion process can be easily completed without the second wind. The flame can avoid contacting the thermal head of Stifling engine, and the temperature fields can be easily controlled. The designed combustion chamber is manufactured and its performance is tested by an experiment which includes two steps. The experi- mental result of the first step proves that the mixture of air and natural gas can be easily ignited and the flame burns stably. In the second step of experiment, the combustion heat flux can reach 20 kW, and the energy utiliza- tion efficiency of thermal head has exceeded 0.5. These test results show that the thermal performance of com- bustion chamber has reached the design goal, The designed combustion chamber can be applied to a real Stifling engine heated by natural gas which is to generate 3-5 kWe electric power.

关键词： Combustion Chamber Natural Gas stirling engine Designing Performance Test

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A novel approach towards the selection of regenerators for optimal stirling engine performance based on energy and exergy analyses

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 295-310页

作者： YU MinJie ZHANG MingHui XU Lei CUI HaiChuan LIU ZhiChun LIU Wei School of Energy and Power engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Regenerators play a vital role in enhancing the overall performance of stirling ***,this paper performed an energy and exergy analysis to elucidate the significance of regenerator characteristics concerning system performance,contributing to the optimal regenerator’s design and *** relationship between regenerator structure,regenerator exergy destruction,and output power,thermal efficiency,and exergy efficiency for stirling engines was established by integrating the thermal model of stirling engines with a mathematical model of *** contrast to cross-flow and parallel-flow regenerators,a novel concept of inclined-flow regenerators,featuring a matrix surface inclined in the direction of gas flow,was developed to achieve higher and more balanced engine output power and energy utilization efficiency.A comprehensive investigation was conducted into the effects of matrix structure types and regenerator geometries on the performance of both regenerators and *** results reveal that,following structural optimization,stirling engines equipped with the inclined-flow regenerator demonstrate a substantial 16.6%,38.3%,and 37.2%increase in power output,thermal efficiency,and exergy efficiency,respectively,compared to those equipped with cross-flow *** contrast,when compared to engines fitted with parallel-flow regenerators,they experience a 13.5%reduction in power output but achieve remarkable enhancements of 45.4%and 36.7%in thermal and exergy efficiency,*** study introduces new insights into selecting regenerator structures for enhancing the output performance of stirling engines.

关键词： stirling engine inclined-flow regenerator adiabatic model exergy analysis

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Transient and Steady Spray Characteristics of Soybean Oil/2,5-Dimethylfuran Blended Fuel in an Underwater stirling engine

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2024年第2期29卷 216-229页

作者：王继刚乔信起周枫王林涛 School of Mechanical engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225127JiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Power Machinery and engineering of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Energy and Power engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430063China Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute Zhoushan 316021ZhejiangChina Shanghai Marine Diesel engine Research Institute Shanghai 201108China

The reduction of oxygen consumption is a key factor to improve the energy density of underwater stirling engine.A series of fundamental experiments are carried out to elucidate the spray characteristics of soybean oil/2,5-dimethylfuran(DMF)blended fuel in an underwater stirling *** characteristics such as spray penetration,spray angle,spray area,and light intensity level under low injection and ambient pressures are obtained using image post-processing *** results show that the effects of injection pressure,ambient pressure,and nozzle diameter on the transient spray characteristics of underwater stirling engine are similar to those of diesel ***,in the steady spray process,the injection pressure has little effect on spray near angle,and the spray far angle increases with the increase of the injection *** with the spray far angle at injection pressure of 3 MPa,the spray far angle at 5 MPa and 7 MPa increased by 11.38%and 18.14%*** addition of DMF can obviously improve the atomization of soybean oil/DMF blended *** spray angle of blended fuel in transient process increases with the increase of the DMF *** spray near angle has exceeded that of diesel(46.21°)when the DMF volume fraction exceeds 25%.The spray far angle is equivalent to that of diesel when the DMF volume fraction reaches 75%.Moreover,the spray with gas ejection no longer keeps conical,the droplet diameter distribution is more dispersed,and the droplet diameter is smaller.

关键词： spray angle steady spray soybean oil 2 5-dimethylfuran(DMF) stirling engine

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Design and Combustion Characteristic Analysis of Free Piston stirling engine External Combustion System

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2018年第S1期23卷 50-55页

作者： JIN Xudong LV Tian YU Guoyao LIU Jiawei HUANG Xiaoyu Shanghai Marine Diesel engine Research Institute Shanghai 201108China Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The free piston stirling engine external combustion system was simulated to investigate the diesel-air combustion characteristics in order to demonstrate its feasibility by computational fluid dynamics(CFD). The different effects on combustion were distinguished by analyzing the combustion burner, the injection position of diesel oil, the front tube arrangement of stirling heater head and the back fin. The results show that the tilted front tube arrangement of the heater head with the back fin is the best practicable technology while the distance between the diesel nozzle position and the swirler top is 0. Its total heat flux is 15.6 kW, and the average heat transfer coefficients of the front and back tubes are 127 W/(m2· K) and 192 W/(m2· K), respectively. The heat transfer is mainly through convection, and the proportion of radiative heat transfer is only 16.9%. The best combustion efficiency of the free piston stirling engine external combustion system is 86%.

关键词： stirling engine external combustion system numerical simulation diesel-air combustion

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A bibliometric analysis of stirling engine and in-depth review of its application for energy supply systems

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Energy Reviews 2023年第4期2卷 12-34页

作者： Lanlan Zhang Kai Han Yongzhen Wang Yilin Zhu Shengyuan Zhong Geyu Zhong School of Mechanical engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China School of Energy and Environmental engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China Innovation Center in Chongqing Beijing Institute of TechnologyChongqing401120China Institute of engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Science and Technology Research Institute China Three Gorges CorporationBeijing100038China

With the great advantages and continuous innovations,prolific research efforts have been devoted to the stirling engine(SE)domain driven by the sustainability *** this study,a bibliometric analysis is conducted to explore the research tend and hotspots of *** country co-authorship,institute co-authorship and keyword networks are engendered from the visual map using VOSviewer,showing China ranks the first with the total number of published articles and the majority publications are presented by Chinese Academy of *** to the highest node centrality,the research findings in USA can be considered the most influential and greatly worthy being referred,particularly represented by the early contribution for thermo-acoustic *** total 7 keyword clusters are classified through the top terms in Citespace and 4 of them are related to its energy supply system,demonstrating the typical application of SE-based combined heat and power(CHP)and integrated multi-energy complementary system have gained much *** on this,a detailed review of SE-based energy supply systems is further conducted through the system forms,4E performance evaluation and soft model combing optimization *** relevant issues hindering the improvement of these terms are summa-rized,providing the potential guides to help develop the SE-based energy supply system.

关键词： stirling engine Bibliometric analysis Energy supply system 4E performance evaluation Model and optimization

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Design, Manufacture and Measurements of Beta-Type stirling engine with Rhombic Drive Mechanism

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Modern Mechanical engineering 2016年第4期6卷 113-128页

作者： Mohammed Yunus Mohammad S. Alsoufi Anil Kumar Rathod Mechanical engineering Department College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture Umm Al-Qura University Makkah KSA Mechanical engineering Department HKBK College of Engineering Bangalore India

The purpose of carrying out present work is to design, build and test a rhombic drive stirling engine with a β-type configuration consisting of two dynamic pistons (displacer and power) reciprocates in the in-line concentric cylinder arrangement. The displacement rod is assembled concentrically inside the power piston rod. The rhombic drive mechanism is proposed in such a way that, by using a pair of gear wheels the sliding motion of both piston rods is controlled and thus, an engine is balanced. The developed prototype has a swept volume of 75 cm3 with the displacer piston and power piston cylinder hot ends heated by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) burner and cooled water, respectively. It uses air as the working gas at atmospheric pressure for initial charging of the engine. Several designs were studied before settling on a β-type configuration. The LPG gas burner was considered as a potential heat source. The various elements of an engine (heater, cooler, re-generator, flywheel and piping systems) were designed, constructed and analyzed. The testing results revealed that the engine at initial atmospheric air filling started working in only about 120 seconds at an LPG heater temperature of 400℃ (824°F) with 280 rpm. At a heater temperature of 550℃ (1022°F), the engine speed was 630 rpm. At the engine speed of 245 rpm, the maximum torque was 0.215 Nm, while the maximum power was 8 Watts at 355 rpm. engine speed increased with the increase of flame temperature. Several tests were performed on the engine to improve its running efficiency and critical problem areas were isolated and addressed. Moreover, results revealed that stirling engines working with relatively low-temperature air are potentially attractive engines of the future, especially LPG powered low temperature differential stirling engines. The stirling engine was capable of generating between 50 to 100 Watts of electricity.

关键词： stirling engine engine Performance Rhombic Driving Mechanisms β-Type

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Computer Modeling of a Novel Mechanical Arrangement of a Free-Piston stirling engine

Computer Modeling of a Novel Mechanical Arrangement of a Fre...

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作者： S.Ghozzi R.Boukhanouf University of Nottingham Department of Built Environment

The principle of a new design of Free Piston stirling engine(FPSE) prototype for small-scale power generator, such as solar dish stirling engine, has been described in this paper. The design uses a special bellows with high reliability and long life mechanical springs displacer and power piston. A mathematical model has been developed to analyze the thermal and dynamic performance of the engine as well as to evaluate the output power and thermal efficiency of the cycle. Two methods of stirling cycle analysis, which are Ideal Adiabatic and Simple Analysis, were carried out in order to calculate the performance and efficiency of the conserved FPSE design. A computer program is in progress so that the thermal cycle of stirling simulated. The results extracted from the simulation proved a valuable thermal efficiency and overall satisfactory performance for the new FPSE design.

关键词： stirling engine free piston power generation low temperature small-scale system

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Thermochemical Recuperation for stirling engines by Diesel Steam Reforming: Thermodynamic Analysis

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第6期31卷 2111-2123页

作者： LAN Jian GUO Qianzhen REN Zhe LYU Tian GU Genxiang HAN Dong Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and engineering Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Marine Diesel engine Research Institute Shanghai 201108China

Thermochemical exhaust heat recovery is a prospective way to improve the thermal performance of stirling engines. Based on Aspen HYSYS software, the simulation model of a stirling engine combustor with a thermochemical recuperation(TCR) reformer was established to calculate the performance of the TCR system. The reforming temperature, fuel distribution ratio, steam-to-carbon ratio(S/C), and reforming pressure were changed to evaluate their effects on the reforming process and system efficiency. With increased reforming temperature, the equilibrium fuel conversion rate and heat recovery amount in the reformer gradually increase. The maximum combustor efficiency is achieved at the temperature of 600℃ and the fuel distribution ratio of 40%. With the S/C ratio increased from 1 to 2.5, the heat recovery rate and combustor efficiency increase significantly. The results show that the increase of fuel distribution ratio and S/C ratio leads to decreased reforming temperature, and external heat is needed to meet the heat balance for steam reforming. At a given reforming temperature and S/C ratio, increased reforming pressure results in decreased equilibrium fuel conversion rate and reforming reaction heat. At 5 MPa reforming pressure and 550℃ reforming temperature, the efficiency of the stirling engine combustor is 92.7%, proving that the thermochemical recovery system can be applied to the stirling engine under high pressure conditions.

关键词： stirling engine thermochemical recuperation thermodynamic analysis fuel reforming heat recovery

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Analysis and Key Parameter Optimization Design of Leningrader Seal Performance

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2024年第2期29卷 177-192页

作者： YANG Dongya WANG Xuelin WANG Feng ZHANG Hailong GAO Gui College of Mechanical and Electrical engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050Gansu China Wenzhou Pump and Valve engineering Research Institute Lanzhou University of TechnologyWenzhou 325000ZhejiangChina State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000GansuChina

In order to improve the performance and service life of the Leningrader seal of the stirling engine piston rod,interference,pre-load and friction coefficient were taken as influencing factors,and the curved surface response method was adopted to reduce the contact stress of sealing surface and von Mises stress of the sealing sleeve as the response index,with the optimization goal of reducing wear and extending *** above three key parameters are analyzed and optimized,the influence of each parameter on the sealing performance and service life is obtained,and the best combination scheme of the three is *** results show that the interaction between pre-tightening force and interference fit has the greatest impact on contact *** interaction between interference fit and friction coeffi-cient has the most significant effect on von Mises *** optimized parameters can reduce the maximum contact stress and maximum von Mises stress of the sealing sleeve by 26.3%and 20.6%,respectively,under a media pressure of 5-9 *** bench verification shows that the leakage of the optimized sealing device in 12 h is reduced by 0.44 cc·min^(-1)(1 cc=1 cm^(3)).The wear rate of the sealing sleeve is 1.08%before optimization and 0.45%after optimization,indicating that the optimized parameters in this paper are effective.

关键词： Leningrader seal stirling engine performance analysis optimized design parameter configuration

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