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Social Sciences in China 2022年第2期43卷 55-79页

作者： Tao Feiya Zou Zetao Yang Enlu Li uanghui School of History Shanghai University Institute of Global Studies Shanghai University Center for Drugs and National Security Studies Shanghai University 不详

The United States was hard hit by the great influenza pandemic of *** national policy of putting the war first,the unprecedented scale of military training,and the worldwide troop movements and engagement created the conditions for the spread of the pandemic and at the same time seriously weakened US *** unprecedented pandemic threw American society into extreme panic and spawned all kinds of hypotheses about the pandemic’s geographic *** of the press turned scientifically“tracing the flu”into a succession of pejorative geopolitical exonyms,stigmatizing it as“Spanish flu,”“Russian flu,”“German poisoning,”“Chinese plague,”*** groundless ascription of a geographic origin to the influenza pandemic was questioned at the time by insightful American medical professionals and even by Chinese medical *** the aftermath of the pandemic,tracking its source became a professional issue of pure medical science,with the search for the pathogen of the pandemic becoming a *** discovery and genetic sequencing of the 1918 influenza virus by scientists in the US and other countries led to landmark advances in the discovery of the pathogen,so the importance of tracing it back to its place of origin has taken a back *** evidence of the geographic origin of the 1918 influenza pandemic is not conclusive,medical science has developed enough to disprove the ridiculous“geographic tracking”in the US during the pandemic.

关键词： 1918 influenza pandemic geographic origin tracing stigmatization scientific origin tracing influenza virus

Anti-stigmatization and Rebuilding the Human Rights Culture

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The Journal of Human Rights 2020年第3期19卷 333-342页

作者：齐延平曹晟旻 LU Mimi(译) Science and Technology and Human Rights Research Center Beijing Institute of Technology Law School Beijing Institute of Technology Law of the School of Marxism Ocean University of China 不详

History has proved and will continue to prove that stigmatization is often the harbinger of tribal vendettas, religious persecution, wars of aggression, and even all disasters and unjust actions in the world The majority of devastating disasters experienced by mankind originate from stigmas While the COVID-19 pandemic rages across the globe, stigmatizing speeches based on ignorance and political agenda have created hatred and torn the anti-epidemic community apart Those speeches trample on dignity, values, conscience, and justice of human beings, and challenge international justice and the universal Declaration of Human rights The human rights culture serves as a critical force for mankind to overcome diseases, wars, terrorism, and disasters To achieve peace and security in the post-epidemic world, people need to constantly reflect on human dignity and values, and to rebuild and promote human rights culture based on these reflections.

关键词： stigmatization shared future human rights culture

Mental and physical symptoms associated with lower social support for patients with hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第29期12卷 4665-4672页

作者： Julie A Blasiole Laura Shinkunas Douglas R LaBrecque Robert M Arnold Susan L Zickmund VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion PittsburghPAUnited States Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa School of Public Health Iowa CityIAUnited States Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa CityIAUnited States Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine PittsburghPAUnited States Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemCenter for Health Equity Research and PromotionPittsburghPAUnited States

AIM: To systematically examine the impact of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis on patients' level of social support in a large-scale study. METHODS: Patients evaluated and treated for HCV in a tertiary referral center were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Demographic data, functional and emotional status as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), severity of liver disease, mode of acquisition, and physical and psychiatric comorbidities were collected from patients or abstracted from the medical record. All participants completed a semi-structured interview, addressing questions of social support. RESULTS: A total of 342 patients (mean age 45.2 years; 37% women) were enrolled. Ninety-two (27%) patients described lower levels of support by family and friends. Nearly half of the participants (45%) noted the loss of at least one relationship due to the disease. Fears related to transmitting the disease (25%) were common and often associated with ignorance or even discrimination by others (19%). Nearly one fifth of the patients did not share information about their disease with others to avoid being stigmatized. Lower levels of social support were significantly associated with living alone, being unemployed, being excluded from antiviral therapy, having psychiatric comorbidities, contracting HCV through intravenous drug use, having high levels of anxiety and depression as measured by the HAD and negative mood state as measured by the SIP. Patients reporting lower levels of social support also noted more physical symptoms as measured by the SIP. CONCLUSION: Patients with hepatitis C often face significant social problems, ranging from social isolation to familial stress. The most common concerns reflect a limited insight of patients and their relatives and friends about the disease, the risk factors for its spread, and about potential consequences. Our data suggest that educational interventions targeting

关键词： Hepatitis C Social support Depression Anxiety Quality of life stigmatization

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中国城市移民的污名建构与认同的代际分化

Support and Companionship in Virtual Communities: Establishing a COVID-19 Counseling Network for Soldiers and the Collective Healing Phenomenon

社会学 2011年第7期 30-37页

作者：管健戴万稳

污名问题受到了高度关注不仅因为其关系到被污名者的生存、生活和与主流社会的融合，也关乎社会的稳定与和谐。本研究引入社会表征的研究视角，探讨在我国改革开放三十年来由于城市化进程而迅速分化和形成的第一代城市移民和其子代污名... 详细信息

污名问题受到了高度关注不仅因为其关系到被污名者的生存、生活和与主流社会的融合，也关乎社会的稳定与和谐。本研究引入社会表征的研究视角，探讨在我国改革开放三十年来由于城市化进程而迅速分化和形成的第一代城市移民和其子代污名社会表征，认为城市移民污名的建构体现了对话与互动的双向特征，并通过锚定和具化机制加以实现。在这一背景下，城市一代移民和二代移民的认同根基与认同应对策略选择都显现出代际的差异和不同的偏好，同时也体现了代际之间从自在阶段到自为阶段的过渡，这是代际认同分化和污名感知的深层动力和驱动性的基耦的所在。

关键词：污名认同社会表征基耦代际移民 stigmatization social identity social representation themata generation urban immigrants

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2022年第4期24卷 583-594页

作者： Pao-Lung Chiu Fu Hsing Kang College National Defense UniversityTaipei11258Taiwan

Counseling people,particularly those in the military engaged in group living,who are in quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic is a ***,supporting the people in quarantine who are experiencing psy-chological and interpersonal problems has become a new challenge in military mental *** study’s primary concern was how to overcome the problems caused by physical *** study subject was a virtual coun-seling network and its operating experience during the quarantine period in Taiwan amidst the global COVID-19 *** soldiers who mainly live in groups,this study discussed how the virtual counseling network combined with the existing military support group to determine what inﬂuence the network had on peo-ple in *** study found that this group exhibited four types of experiences:togetherness,empathy,conﬁdence,and belonging and *** experiences are beneﬁcial for group healing through mutual sup-port and *** cohesion and psychological healing can be achieved through a virtual *** is worthy of attention,particularly in the pandemic or post-pandemic *** isolation has become a fact of life,and such isolation is not just isolation from disease but also between regional *** and support systems in virtual space or the operation of virtual teams must be considered for the future.

关键词： Counseling network stigmatization psychological counseling virtual interpersonal interaction recovery

Media Influence Over the Transformation of Stigma Toward Depression in Japan

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Sociology Study 2012年第3期2卷 205-218页

in Japan, the number of depression patients has markedly increased over the last 10 years, and depression is now a major social concern. Moreover, there are concerns that patients with depression are not always seeking the treatment they need, in part due to the stigma associated with the illness. Despite of increasing public awareness of depression, the stigma has not lessened, but has changed in form. Previous studies report that depression which was once viewed as a special psychiatric illness is now viewed as a ＂common＂ mental illness. The author, too, believes that the nature of the stigmatization has changed in recent years to become more complex and ultimately continues to present a barrier to treatment for people with depression. This study aims to explore how the stigmatization has changed by examining one specific aspect in society that may have contributed to this change, namely, the media＇s portrayal of depression. The author presents and discusses clear examples of how the Japanese media＇s portrayals of depression have changed, particularly over the last 20 to 30 years, and discusses how media influence could have contributed to the shifts in stigmatization, with reference to labeling theory and growing social isolation.

关键词： stigmatization depression media influence labeling theory social isolation

Indigenous Knowledge, Practices, Beliefs and Social Impacts of Porcine Cysticercosis and Epilepsy in Iringa Rural

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Health 2014年第21期6卷 2894-2903页

作者： Mwita Chacha Coletha Yohana Gamba Nkwengulila Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Porcine Cysticercosis (PCC) and Human Cysticercosis (HCC)/Neurocysticercosis (NCC) are a burden to the community owing to the reduced value of animals, associated costs of treatment, decreased labour productivity and social discrimination. There is limited knowledge on the management and prevention of PCC and epilepsy in Iringa rural. Therefore, the present study aimed at assessing indigenous knowledge, practices, attitudes and social impacts of PCC and epilepsy in Iringa rural district. A total of 588 people participated in the survey whereby 306 were pig farmers, 223 non-pig farmers and 59 families with epileptic individuals. It was found that 49.8% (χ2 = 0.003, DF = 1, p = 0.954) of pig keepers were aware of PCC, whereas the remaining 50.2% were not aware (χ2 = 25.5, DF = 1, p χ2 = 3.814, DF = 1, p = 0.51). People in Iringa rural believe epilepsy is caused by evil spirits, witchcraft and/or inheritance. It was concluded that there was limited knowledge on T. solium cysticercosis and epilepsy. This ignorance is the cause of poor practices, negative beliefs and attitudes that negatively affect the social life of People with Epilepsy (PWE) in communities. This study recommends that health education to raise awareness on cysticercosis/taeniosis and epilepsy should be one of the intervention measures for elimination of cysticercosis and epilepsy in Iringa rural district.

关键词： Neurocysticercosis Knowledge Beliefs Practices stigmatization Segregation

Psychosocial Experience in Goiter Patients

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2018年第6期7卷 367-374页

作者： Spéro H. Raoul Hounkpatin Fatiou Alabi Bouraima Ulrich B. Vodouhe Omer Adjibode Marius Claude Flatin Prosper Gandaho Department of Surgery and Surgical Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Department of Surgery and Surgical Specialties Faculty of Sciences and Health University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin

Introduction: Goiter often poses aesthetic disgrace problem. The psychosocial impacts of goiter, in particular in woman may be significant. Objective: studying the psychological and social impacts of the disease in goiter patients within the African context and their consequences on the treatment. Methods: It was a transversal study that took place from May 1to July 31, 2011 in the Collines and Donga departments situated in the center and the north of Benin. The study consisted of a survey conducted through an individual discussion based on questionnaire submitted to goiter patients who accepted to provide their answers. Results: This survey involved 86 patients of which 83 women and 3 men. Their average age was 43.7 ± 13.41. Goiter was noticeable in the totality of the patients. 68.6% of patients declared that they experienced on daily basis the shame caused by the disease. 66% thought that it was a natural disease;however, 27.9% believed that it was caused by bewitchment or sorcery. 46.5% and 37.2% resorted to modern and indigenous medicine respectively;16.3% made no therapeutic move. Despite the psychosocial impacts of the disease, 50% of the patients rejected surgical intervention possibility. The core motives they raised were lack of financial means (34.8%), disease recurrence fright (23.3%), anesthesia fright (16.3%), and surgical fright (14%). Conclusion: Despite the psychological impacts of the disease, strong resistance exists probably more on cultural aspect than the motives mentioned by thyroidectomy patients.

关键词： Goiter Iodine stigmatization Thyroidectomy Psychology

The Alzheimer’s Dementia Patients’ Observed Illness Course and Experience in Ghana and Care Lessons to Be Learnt: A Mental Health Professional’s Perspective

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 91-106页

作者： Albert M. E. Coleman Centre for Bioethics Medical Law and Patient Advocacy Sekondi Ghana

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and associated dementia patient numbers continue to increase globally with associated economic costs to healthcare systems. Of note is the increase in numbers in lower and middle-income countries (LMICs) including Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, which already face challenges with their health budgets from communicable and non-communicable diseases. Ghana, an SSA country, faces the problem of healthcare budgetary difficulties and the additional impact of AD as a consequence of increasing population strata of old aged persons (OAPs) due to the demographic transition effect. This article uses examples of known patients’ illness courses to give a perspective on the lived experience of patients with dementia (PWD) in Ghana, living amongst a populace with a culture of stigmatization of PWD, and a relatively fragile public mental health system (PMHS) for those with mental illness, including AD. The lived experience of AD patients is characterised by stigmatisation, discrimination, non-inclusiveness, diminished dignity and human rights abuses in the face of their mental disability, and eventually death. This article is an advocacy article giving voice to the voiceless and all persons suffering from AD and other dementias in Ghana, whilst pleading for a call to action from healthcare professionals and responsible state agencies.

关键词： Alzheimer’s Dementia Patients Ghana stigmatization Discrimination Human Rights Dignity

Thou shalt not get fat: Medical representations and self-images of obesity in a Mediterranean society

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Health 2013年第7期5卷 1180-1189页

作者： Mabel Gracia-Arnaiz Department of Anthropology Philosophy and Social Work University Rovira i Virgili Tarragone Spain

This paper examines the link between lipophobia and representations and experiences of obesity in Catalonia (Spain) from two points of view: that of the physicians and other health professionals who diagnose and treat obesity as an illness, and that of their patients, especially those between adolescence and early adulthood. The qualitative data demonstrate that the increasing social rejection of fat people can be traced not only to moralizing discourses on “excessive” food consumption or the commodification of slenderness and health, but also to the recent definition of obesity as a disease. The medicalization of fatness, far from helping to destigmatize obesity, is becoming a way of resignifying it in moral terms. While doctors’ and patients’ perspectives diverge in some ways, they converge in others. In this text, I focus on the points of convergence arguing that biomedical understandings of obesity and overweight are characterized by a profound ambivalence. Young patients are regarded both as innocent victims of a permissive consumer society, and guilty of not following doctors’ orders. Although the family is held accountable for overweight or obesity in children, as young people become more independent, guilt is individualized and environmental causes are limited to inappropriate diet and insufficient exercise. Most narratives of young people with weight problems reflect similar ideas about the causes and the responsibility for obesity. Their acceptance of the basic premise that deviating from weight standards and rules for healthy eating are voluntary actions leads them to lose faith in themselves. The stigmatization of obesity thus becomes a vicious circle: the obese acceptance—even consider normal—the incriminations leveled at them, and blame themselves for their situation and their inability to prevent it.

关键词： Obesity Medicalization Lipophobia stigmatization Young People