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A review on current conventional and biotechnical approaches to enhance biosynthesis of steviol glycosides in stevia rebaudiana

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第2期34卷 92-104页

作者： Samra Basharat Ziyang Huang Mengyue Gong Xueqin Lv Aqsa Ahmed Iftikhar Hussain Jianghua Li Guocheng Du Long Liu Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of EducationJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China

stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is commonly called stevia and mostly found in the north east regions of South America.It is an herbaceous and shrubby plant belonging to the Asteraceae family.stevia is considered as a natural sweetener and a commercially important plant worldwide.The leaves of S.rebaudiana contain steviol glycosides(SGs)which are highly potent and non-caloric sweeteners.The sweetening property of S.rebaudiana is contributed to the presence of these high potency,calorie free steviol glycosides.SGs are considerably suitable for replacing sucrose and other artificial sweetening agents which are used in different industries and pharmaceuticals.SGs amount in the plant mostly varies from 8%to 10%,and the enhancement of SGs is always in demand.These glycosides have the potential to become healthier alternatives to other table sugars for having desirable taste and zero calories.SGs are almost 300 times sweeter than sucrose.Being used as alternative sugar intensifier the commercial value of this plant in biopharmaceutical,food and beverages industries and in international market is increasing day by day.SGs have made stevia an important part of the medicinal world as well as the food and beverage industry,but the limited production of plant material is not fulfilling the higher global market demand.Therefore,researchers are working worldwide to increase the production of important SGs through the intercession of different biotechnological approaches in S.rebaudiana.This review aims to describe the emerging biotechnological strategies and approaches to understand,stimulate and enhance biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in stevia.Conventional and biotechnological methods for the production of steviol glycosides have been briefly reviewed and discussed.

关键词： Steviol glycosides Biosynthesis Secondary metabolites stevia rebaudiana

Characterization of yogurt goat milk added Aloe vera and stevia rebaudiana with functional potential

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Food and Health 2023年第4期5卷 16-23页

作者： Mariela Enriquez Mario Cruz Rosa MRodríguez-Jasso Araceli Loredo-Treviño Aurora Garza Ruth Belmares Autonomous University of Coahuila Blvd.V.Carranza and Engineer JoséCárdenas s/n Col.Republic C.P.25280SaltilloCoahuilaMexico Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro Calzada Antonio Narro 1923BuenavistaC.P.25315 SaltilloCoahuilaMexico Autonomous University of Nuevo León Faculty of Public Health and NutritionAvenida Dr.Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño and YuririaCol.Mitras CentroC.P.64460MonterreyN.L.Mexico.

The search for functional foods with health benefits has increased,and yogurt represents one of these products due to their properties,such as,source of probiotics that favour the gastrointestinal system,contains vitamins,minerals and improves the action of enzymes.Present work investigated bromatological,microbiological,sensorial properties and shelf-life of different yogurt goat milk formulations with Aloe vera and natural sweeteners.The goat yogurt with 99.40%A.vera pulp and 0.60%S.rebaudiana presented the best nutritional composition,being suitable for human consumption representing an innovative product with a great functional potential.The synergy between the ingredients used in the yogurt processing resulted in an innovative product to the market.Goat milk has a lower cost per liter in comparison with cow milk,Aloe vera is accessible due to its fast-vegetative propagation,stevia rebaudiana has a great popularity for being a natural sweetener with no calories,and all these products are produced in México.

关键词： Aloe vera functional food goat milk pulp stevia rebaudiana yogurt.

Antioxidant properties of cell wall polysaccharides of stevia rebaudiana leaves

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第12期2卷 962-969页

作者： Mediesse Kengne Francine Woguia Alice Louise Fogue Souopgui Pythagore Atogho-Tiedeu Barbara Simo Gustave Thaddée Boudjeko Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorization of Plants Resources Biotechnology Centre-NkolbissonPo.Box 3851MessaYaoundeCameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaounde IPo.Box 812 YaoundeCameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DschangPo.Box 67 DschangCameroon Laboratory for Metabolic and Molecular Medicine Biotechnology Centre-NkolbissonPo.Box 3851MessaYaoundeCameroon

Objective:To examine the total phenolic and protein contents,and the antioxidant activities of cell wall polysaccharide fractions of stevia rebaudiana leaves.Methods:Three different polysaccharide-enriched fractions,namely FPE(extract with 50 mmol/L ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid),FPK(extract with 0.05 mol/L KOH)and FH(extract with 4 mol/L KOH)were extracted from stevia rebaudiana leaves.The antioxidant activity of these fractions was evaluated based on their ability to scavenge DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl)free radical,to reduce ferric power,to chelate ferrous ion and to protect human DNA.Results:The results indicated that protein content was found to be higher in FPK polysaccharide enriched fraction(47.48μg per mg of FPK).Furthermore,the phenolic compound analysis according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method was higher in FPK(17.71μg ferulic acid).The DPPH maximal inhibition percentage of the three polysaccharide-enriched fractions at 400μg/mL was 27.66%,59.90%and 23.21%respectively for FPE,FPK and FH.All the polysaccharide fractions exhibited a ferric reducing power except the FH one.The three fractions also exhibited lipid peroxidation inhibition,and they completely reverted the DNA damage induced by H_(2)O_(2)/FeCl_(2).FPK showed the strongest scavenging activity against the DPPH radical,the best chelating ability and lipid peroxidation inhibition.Conclusions:stevia cell wall polysaccharide fractions are potent protective agents against oxidative stress.The analysis revealed major differences in the antioxidant activity in the three polysaccharides fractions.However,the 0.05 mol/L KOH pectin fraction(FPK)showed better antioxidant activity.

关键词： stevia rebaudiana Cell wall polysaccharides Fractions Antioxidant properties

Phytochemical Analysis,Estimation of Quercetin,and in Vitro Anti-Diabetic Potential of stevia Leaves Samples Procured from Two Geographical Origins

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第10期91卷 2349-2365页

作者： Kuntal Das Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq M.Saifulla Khan Sravani Singirikonda Abdulhakeem S.Alamri Walaa F.Alsanie Majid Alhomrani Sreeharsha Nagaraja Katharigatta N.Venugopala Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Krupanidhi College of PharmacyVarthurHobliBengaluru560035India Department of Pharmacy Practice College of PharmacyAlMaarefa UniversityDariyahRiyadh13713Saudi Arabia Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences The Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research(CBSR) Deanship of Scientific ResearchTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Clinical PharmacyKing Faisal UniversityAl-HofufAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutics Vidya Siri College of PharmacyBangalore560035India Department of Biotechnology and Food Science Faculty of Applied SciencesDurban University of TechnologyDurban4001South Africa

The current study used RP-HPLC to compare phytochemicals and estimate the bioactive constituents found in stevia rebaudiana Bert.(SRB)leaves collected from two different geographical sources.SRB leaves were collected from Bangalore,Karnataka,India,and Reduit,Mauritius.Extracts were prepared using ethanol and aqueous solvents.Proximate analysis was used to evaluate moisture content,ash values,crude fibers,and extractive values.Following that,preliminary phytochemical screening was done on both ethanol leaves extracts,and subsequently total flavonoid content was determined.In addition,TLC chromatograms and RP-HPLC studies were performed on both plant extracts to determine the presence of flavonoid components in both leaves extracts,followed by in vitro anti-diabetic activity was performed with alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes against Acarbose as standard.Results revealed that both the extracts from two different geographical sources varied significantly with the yield,content of chemicals,and presence of quercetin(flavonoid)content when estimated through the RP-HPLC standardized method.Glycosides,flavonoids,proteins,steroids,saponins,terpenoids,and phenols were found in various concentrations during phytochemical screening.Among both zones,the ethanol leaves extract of SRB taken from Mauritius had a greater content of phytochemicals and a higher yield than other extracts due to the soil nature.The Mauritius sample had greater total flavonoid levels as well as more quercetin(0.92±0.011)than the other extracts.Following that,ethanol extract inhibited enzymes(alpha amylase,alpha glucosidases)more than aqueous extract,and this inhibition was dose dependent.Among them,the Mauritius ethanol sample showed higher anti-diabetic efficacy than the Indian sample,but this difference was not significant.Overall,SRB ethanol leaves extracts outperformed other leaves extracts in terms of yield,phytoconstituents,and total flavonoids.Overall,both SRB samples had high quercetin levels and possessed anti-diabetic potential

关键词： Antidiabetic activity stevia rebaudiana phytochemicals proximate analysis TLC RP-HPLC

Rapid HPLC Method for Determination of Rebaudioside D in Leaves of stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Grown in the Southeast of Mexico

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2014年第13期5卷 813-819页

作者： Irma Aranda-González Yolanda Moguel-Ordonez David Betancur-Ancona Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Autónoma de YucatánMéridaMéxico Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias(INIFAP)MococháMéxico

stevia leaves contain glycosides on which biological activity and sweetening capacity has been reported. Besides the main glycosides—stevioside and rebaudioside A—there are minor glycosides that may contribute to the activity and thus it is important to quantify them. Rebaudioside D is one of the minor glycoside present in S. rebaudiana leaves and there are no reports of a validated method to quantify it. Therefore a simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was validated for the determination of rebaudioside D in leaves of stevia rebaudiana B. grown in the southeast of México. HPLC method was performed using a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and UV detector set at 210 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 32:68 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and sodium phosphate buffer (10 mmol/L, pH 2.6), set to a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The calculated parameters were: sensitivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy and precision. The retention time of rebaudioside D was found to be 3.47 min ± 0.04 (S.D.). The calibration curves were linear over the working range (25 - 150 μg/ml), with correlation coefficient ≥0.99 and determination coefficient ≥0.98. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) was 8.53 μg/ml, while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 25.85 μg/ml. The percent recoveries of fortified samples were 100% ± 10% and precision relative standard deviation was ≤2.79%. The criteria of validation showed accuracy, linearity, and precision;therefore the method is suitable for quantitative analysis of rebaudioside D in stevia rebaudiana leaves. Rebaudioside D content (g/100g) in Morita II and Criolla varieties grown in the southeast of Mexico were 0.43 and 0.46, respectively with no significant differences (p > 0.05) between them.

关键词： Rebaudioside D stevia rebaudiana HPLC Validation

Determination of Rebaudioside A and Stevioside in Leaves of S.rebaudiana Bertoni Grown in Mexico by a Validated HPLC Method

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第11期6卷 878-885页

作者： Irma Aranda-Gonzalez Yolanda Moguel-Ordonez David Betancur-Ancona Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autonoma de YucatanMeridaMexico Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias(INIFAP)Campo Experimental MocochaCarretera Merida-MotulMocochaMexico Facultad de Ingenieria Quimica Universidad Autonoma de YucatanMeridaMexico

stevia rebaudiana is a plant with high sweetening capacity due to its content of glycosides, mainly stevioside and rebaudioside A. Several techniques have been used to determine the concentrations of glycosides in stevia, although an HPLC method is recommended by the FAO/WHO-JECFA. Varieties of stevia have been recently grown in Mexico, with no previous report of glycosides by a validated method. The aim of this study was to validate an isocratic HPLC method for content determination of main glycosides in the leaves of stevia cultivated in Mexico. HPLC method was performed using a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and UV detector set at 210 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 32:68 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and sodium-phosphate buffer (10 mmol/L, pH 2.6), set to a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Rebaudioside A and stevioside were determined in two stevia varieties: Morita II and Criolla, and also validation parameters were calculated. Rebaudioside A content (g/100g) in Morita II was 15.15 ± 0.02 while stevioside was 3.97 ± 0.003;in the case of Criolla they were 4.03 ± 0.01 and 8.80 ± 0.14, respectively (p < 0.001). The recoveries of fortified samples were 100% ± 10% and precision RSD was ≤6.27%. The criteria of validation showed accuracy, linearity (≥0.99), and precision;therefore, the determination of glycosides was performed with reliability.

关键词： stevia rebaudiana Rebaudioside A Stevioside HPLC Validation

Biological Template Based on ent-Kaurane Diterpenoid Glycosides for the Synthesis of Inorganic Porous Materials

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2013年第4期3卷 278-285页

作者： Angela B.Sifontes Mirla Rodriguez David Freire Wendy Rondón Ligia Llovera Edgar Canizales Franklin J.Méndez Andrea Monaco Yraida Díaz Centro de Química Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones CientíficasCaracasVenezuela PDVSA IntevepLos TequesVenezuela

Recent studies on the preparation of porous nano-materials revealed that the use of kaurane diterpenoids molecules from steviol as biological template favors the obtaining of metallic oxides with tubular morphology as nanorods or nanofibers. In this sense, the present contribution shows an analysis in order to understand how these glycosides of kaurane diterpenoids control the nucleation and growth of inorganic materials favoring the obtaining of these morphologies. For this purpose, it was necessary to carry out studies of the leaf aqueous extract of stevia rebaudiana by HRTEM, FTIR and 1H-NMR.

关键词： Diterpene Glycosides stevia rebaudiana Template