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Morphologies of secondary austenite in 2507 duplex stainless steel after heat treatment

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第6期29卷 994-1003页

作者： Xiao-han Wu Zhi-gang Song Bao-shun Wang Ming-hua Wu Qi-liang Nai Liang Yao Han Feng Wen-jie Zheng School of Material Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Special Steel Institute Central Iron&Steel Research InstituteBeijing 100081China Engineering Research Center of High-Performance Nuclear Power Pipe Forming of Zhejiang Province Huzhou 313028ZhejiangChina Yongxing Special stainless-Steel Co. Ltd.Huzhou 313005ZhejiangChina Zhejiang Jiuli Hi-Tech Metals Co. Ltd.Huzhou 313028ZhejiangChina

The microstructure evolution of secondary austenite in 2507 duplex stainless steel was investigated by means of optical metallography,scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser *** types of secondary austenite(γ2)morphologies including partially transformed austenite,grain boundary austenite,Widmannstätten austenite(WA)and intragranular austenite could be formed during cooling after solution *** was concluded that secondary austenite morphology was mainly dependent on cooling *** mechanisms of WA formation were *** nucleated at grain boundary of ferrite or at the formed phase *** electron microscopy(TEM)analysis displayed that WA grew in parallel to the *** effects of Cr_(2)N on secondary austenite precipitation were discussed in *** Cr_(2)N was involved,a mechanism was proposed that secondary austenite formed by element diffusion,leading to the migration of the austenite–ferrite ***_(2)N acted as the nucleation sites forγ2 and provided the nitrogen for the transformation;meanwhile,the precipitation of Cr_(2)N during the rapid cooling was captured by TEM.A process of nucleation followed by diffusion was concluded to be the formation of secondary austenite with no Cr_(2)N *** decomposition of secondary austenite was also studied,which was found to be a diffusion mechanism followed by displacement in connection with the element distribution.

关键词： Secondary austenite Duplex stainless steel Heat treatment Cooling rate Element diffusion

Passivity breakdown on 436 ferritic stainless steel in solutions containing chloride

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第4期35卷 637-643页

作者： Jiaming Wang Shengsheng Qian Yanhui Li Digby D.Macdonald Yiming Jiang Jin Li Department of Materials Science Fudan University Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California at Berkeley Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE Xi'an Jiaotong University

Passivity breakdown on 436 ferritic stainless steel(FSS) has been investigated in solutions containing different concentrations of chloride at 25?C and interpreted in terms of the point defect model(PDM). The measured near-normal distributions of passivity breakdown potentials for 436 FSS under experimental conditions are in good agreement with the calculated results according to the PDM. The linear dependence of breakdown potential on the square root of potential scanning rate, which was described by the PDM,provides the estimation of the critical concentration of condensed vacancies at the metal/film interface,which leads to the passivity breakdown. This value is in good agreement with that calculated from the microstructure properties of the alloy substrate and the barrier layer of the passive film. This study demonstrates the validity of the PDM in describing the passivity breakdown on 436 FSS in NaCl solutions.

关键词： 436 ferrite stainless steel Passivity breakdown Point defect model Chloride ions

High-temperature fatigue behavior of 15CrNbTi ferritic stainless steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019年第3期26卷 285-291页

作者： Tian-long Liu Li-jia Chen Hong-yun Bi Xin Che School of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of Tech no logy Shenyang 110870 Liaoning. China Baosteel Central Research Institute Baosteel Co..Ltd.Shanghai 201900China

In order to investigate the high-temperature fatigue and fatigue-creep behavior of 15CrNbTi ferritic stainless steel at 800°C,fatigue tests without holding time in laboratory air and with 10 s holding time induced at maximum cyclic stress under argon atmosphere were conducted on an electrohydraulic servo fatigue testing *** addition,the morphologies of fatigue fracture surfaces were observed,and the precipitates and dislocation substructures were *** experimental results show that the fatigue limit of 15CrNbTi ferritic stainless steel is 30 MPa at 800°*** fatigue life of the experimental steel obviously decreases if holding time of 10 s is introduced at maximum cyclic *** two test conditions,the fatigue cracks transgranularly initiate at the free surface of fatigue specimens and then propagate in a transgranular *** is dem on strated that three kinds of precipitates inclu ding(Nb,Ti)C phase,Fe2Nb phase and Fe3Nb3C phase can be observed in 15CrNbTi ferritic stainless steel,and the Fe2Nb and Fe3Nb3C phases are mainly precipitated during the fatigue *** the fatigue deformation area,both dislocation tangles and dislocation arrays are ***,the sub-grains which form during the cycling deformation with holding time of 10 s are also ***,the formation of sub-grains leads to the deterioration of the fatigue life of 15CrNbTi steel.

关键词： Ferritic stainless steel-High-temperature fatigue Holding time Fatigue fracture Precipitate Dislocation substructure

Microstructures of brazing zone between titanium alloy and stainless steel using various filler metals

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2012年第S3期22卷 639-644页

作者： Taeshin CHUNG Jungsoo KIM Jeongseok BANG Byoungho RHEE Daegeun NAM Agency for Defense Development Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Vitzotech Corporation

Titanium alloy (Ti-Al-V alloy) substrate was brazed with stainless steel (STS304) using filler *** an optimized brazing condition,various filler metals were *** were observed at each *** metals were titanium based 40Ti-20Zr-20Cu-20Ni,silver based Ag 5Pd,and nickel based Ni-7Cr-3.1B-4.5Si-3Fe-0.06C (BNi2) and Ni-14Cr-10P-0.06C (BNi7).To select a good filler metal for brazing process,wetting test was performed at 880-1050 °*** was not brazed using silver based filler metals,but at the conditions using titanium and nickel based filler metals had brazed zone between titanium alloy and stainless ***,titanium alloy was eroded during brazing using titanium based filler *** based filler metal has a good brazed zone between titanium alloy and stainless steel among the filler metals.

关键词： brazing filler metal titanium alloy stainless steel

A new strategy for corrosion protection of porous stainless steel using polypyrrole films

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第2期37卷 85-95页

作者： C.Garcia-Cabezon C.Garcia-Hernandez M.L.Rodriguez-Mendez F.Martin-Pedrosa Materials Engineering E.I.I.Universidad de Valladolid47011 ValladolidSpain UVASENS E.I.I.Universidad de Valladolid47011 ValladolidSpain

In this work,a method to improve the protection against corrosion of porous sintered stainless steel is *** is based on the electrodeposition of polypyrrole(PPy)layers doped with a large size counterion such as dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid(DBSA),a conducting polymer with high corrosion resistance and good *** efficacy of PPy coating depends on the adequate adhesion between the metal substrate and the coating *** protection against corrosion has been tested using 316 L stainless steel(SS)powder sintered at different conditions to evaluate the effect of the sintering atmosphere(nitrogen and vacuum)and cooling rates(furnace and water)on corrosion resistance,while wrought 316 L SS has been used as reference *** addition,two electrochemical deposition techniques have been tested to select the most *** circuit potential evolution,anodic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectra have been used to evaluate corrosion protection in phosphate buffer saline *** has been evidenced that a more homogeneous and stable coating was obtained in the case of porous stainless *** corrosion potential shifted to nobler values and the anodic polarization branch became more *** porous samples have a good passivation performance with a lower stable passive current density and a higher breakdown *** transfer electronic resistance and the impedance module increase more than one order of ***,the porosity of sintered stainless steel is seen as an advantage for the improvement of the adherence of the PPy *** best corrosion protection is found for samples sintered in nitrogen and water-cooled.

关键词： stainless steel Powder metallurgy Protection corrosion Electrodeposited films Polymer coatings

Effects of chitosan inhibitor on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第11期24卷 1260-1266页

作者： Se-fei Yang Ying Wen Pan Yi Kui Xiao Chao-fang Dong Department of Stomatology General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army Beijing 100853 China Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Journals Publishing Center University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

The effects of chitosan inhibitor on the corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel were studied by electrochemical measurements, immersion tests, and stereology microscopy. The influences of immersion time, temperature, and chitosan concentration on the corrosion inhibition performance of chitosan were investigated. The optimum parameters of water-soluble chitosan on the corrosion inhibition performance of 2205 duplex stainless steel were also determined. The water-soluble chitosan showed excellent corrosion inhibition performance on the 2205 duplex stainless steel. Polarization curves demonstrated that chitosan acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. When the stainless steel specimen was immersed in the 0.2 g/L chitosan solution for 4 h, a dense and uniform adsorption film covered the sample surface and the inhibition efficiency(IE) reached its maximum value. Moreover, temperature was found to strongly influence the corrosion inhibition of chitosan; the inhibition efficiency gradually decreased with increasing temperature. The 2205 duplex stainless steel specimen immersed in 0.4 g/L water-soluble chitosan at 30°C displayed the best corrosion inhibition among the investigated specimens. Moreover, chitosan decreased the corrosion rate of the 2205 duplex stainless steel in an FeCl_3 solution.

关键词： inhibitor chitosan stainless steel corrosion behavior electrochemistry

Effects of initial grain size and strain on grain boundary engineering of high-nitrogen CrMn austenitic stainless steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第8期25卷 922-929页

作者： Zhen-hua Wang Jian-jun Qi Wan-tang Fu School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China HBIS Group Technology Research Institute Shijiazhuang 050023China

18 Mn18 Cr0.5 N steel with an initial grain size of 28–177 μm was processed by 2.5%–20% cold rolling and annealing at 1000°C for 24 h,and the grain boundary character distribution was examined via electron backscatter *** strain(2.5%) favored the formation of low-Σ *** this strain,the fraction of low-Σ boundaries was insensitive to the initial grain ***,specimens with fine initial grains showed decreasing grain size after grain boundary engineering *** fraction of low-Σ boundaries and the(Σ9 + Σ27)/Σ3 value decreased with increasing strain; furthermore,the specimens with fine initial grain size were sensitive to the ***,the effects of the initial grain size and strain on the grain boundary engineering were discussed in detail.

关键词： grain boundary engineering grain boundary character distribution grain size strain austenitic stainless steel

Galvanic effects on electrochemical behaviors of bare surface of 304 stainless steel

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2000年第2期10卷 253-256页

作者：孙冬柏李涛俞宏英杨德钧北京科技大学腐蚀、磨蚀与表面技术开放实验室北京

The bare surface of 304 stainless steel is produced by the fast fracture method. The influence of the surface galvanic cell on the electrochemical behaviors of bare surface of 304 stainless steel has been investigated in H 2SO 4 solutions with different concentrations. The results show that the solution corrosivity level and the area ratio influence the surface galvanic effects caused by the inhomogeneity between the free film surface of alloy and the passive surface. The surface galvanic effects can speed up the dissolution rate of the bare surface of the alloy and will change the electrochemical behavior of bare surface. With the increase of the area ratio between passive surface and fractured surface, the galvanic potential becomes more positive and, in the range of passive potential, both galvanic current and the peak fracture current increase evidently.

关键词： stainless steel alloy galvanic effect electrochemistry

Grain boundary and microstructure engineering of Inconel 690 cladding on stainless-steel 316L using electron-beam powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第2期35卷 351-367页

作者： I.A.Segura L.E.Murr C.A.Terrazas D.Bermudez J.Mireles V.S.V.Injeti K.Li B.Yu R.D.K.Misra R.B.Wicker W.M.Keck Center for 3D Innovation The University of Texas at El Paso Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at El Paso Department of Metallurgical Materials and Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at El Paso

This research explores the prospect of fabricating a face-centered cubic(fcc) Ni-base alloy cladding(Inconel 690) on an fcc Fe-base alloy(316 L stainless-steel) having improved mechanical properties and reduced sensitivity to corrosion through grain boundary and microstructure engineering concepts enabled by additive manufacturing(AM) utilizing electron-beam powder bed fusion(EPBF). The unique solidification and associated constitutional supercooling phenomena characteristic of EPBF promotes[100] textured and extended columnar grains having lower energy grain boundaries as opposed to random, high-angle grain boundaries, but no coherent {111} twin boundaries characteristic of conventional thermo-mechanically processed fcc metals and alloys, including Inconel 690 and 316 L *** addition to [100] textured grains, columnar grains were produced by EPBF fabrication of Inconel 690 claddings on 316 L stainless-steel substrates. Also, irregular 2–3 μm diameter, low energy subgrains were formed along with dislocation densities varying from 108 to 109 cm^2, and a homogeneous distribution of Cr_(23)C_6 precipitates. Precipitates were formed within the grains(with ~3 μm interparticle spacing),but not in the subgrain or columnar grain boundaries. These inclusive, hierarchical microstructures produced a tensile yield strength of 0.527 GPa, elongation of 21%, and Vickers microindentation hardness of 2.33 GPa for the Inconel 690 cladding in contrast to a tensile yield strength of 0.327 GPa, elongation of 53%, and Vickers microindentation hardness of 1.78 GPa, respectively for the wrought 316 L stainlesssteel substrate. Aging of both the Inconel 690 cladding and the 316 L stainless-steel substrate at 685?C for50 h precipitated Cr_(23)C_6 carbides in the Inconel 690 columnar grain boundaries, but not in the low-angle(and low energy) subgrain boundaries. In contrast, Cr_(23)C_6 carbides precipitated in the 316 L stainless-steel grain boundaries, but not in the low energy

关键词： Additive manufacturing Electron-beam powder bed fusion (EPBF) Inconel 690 cladding 316L stainless steel Grain boundary engineering Materials characterization Mechanical properties