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Morphological characterization, antioxidant capacity and diversity of Syzygium cumini trees from Sri Lanka

Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第1期8卷 53-67页

作者： Prasajith Kapila Dissanayake Wekumbure Gedara Chandima Wekumbura Alge Watage Wijeratne Douglas Siril Abeywickrama Wijesundara Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Sabaragamuwa University of Sri LankaBelihuloya 70140Sri Lanka Department of Agronomy Throckmorton Plant Sciences CenterKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA National Institute of Fundamental Studies Kandy 20000Sri Lanka

Syzygium cumini(L.)Skeels(Madan)is widely distributed in South Asian countries,including Sri Lanka,where it was naturally found.There were only few studies reported on S.cumini for its values and other benefits in Sri Lanka.This study focuses on morphological characterization and the diversity of S.cumini trees in seven locations of Sri Lanka.Data were collected on different morphological traits.Leaf,flower and fruit morphology showed significant differences among locations.Further,trees from Batticaloa region showed different morphology,which would potentially open a different avenue for further study to trace different cultivars across the country.Results of the diversity index and multivariate analyses indicated high diversity in morphology and antioxidant capacity of trees.The variables such as leaf area,inter-nodal length,petiole length,anther length,filament length,fruit size and pericarp thickness could be suitable candidates to investigate the morphological variation of S.cumini any further.Antioxidant capacity studies also showed significant differences among locations and trees.Fruit hue angle was positively correlated to antioxidant capacities.Finding of this study concluded that the wide distribution of S.cumini trees throughout Sri Lanka in different geographical locations showed high diversity in leaf,flower and fruit morphology together with antioxidant capacity.

关键词： Syzygium cumini Morphological diversity Antioxidant capacity Sri Lanka

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The Quest for Understanding Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northern Province,Sri Lanka:An Analysis of Clinical Data From the District General Hospital,Vavuniya

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2023年第4期5卷 186-194页

作者： Rajadurai Arulenthiran Arumugam Murugananthan Kanchana P.Amarasinghe Umashankar Mathivathani Dermatology Unit National HospitalColomboSri Lanka Department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of JaffnaJaffnaSri Lanka Pathology Unit District General HospitalVavuniyaSri Lanka

The study aimed to examine the clinical and epidemiological patterns of cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)in patients attending the Dermatology Unit,District General Hospital in Vavuniya,Sri Lanka.A total of 77 patients clinically suspected for CL were interviewed through a structured questionnaire,and skin-lesion samples were obtained between January 2016 and January 2017.The definitive diagnosis of CL was made through microscopic identification of smears,histopathological examination of biopsies and kDNA PCR.Treatment modalities were chosen based on the location of the lesions on the body and complexity of the lesions.Of 77 suspected patients,68 were confirmed for CL,with a mean age of 34.6(±12.7)years,and included 54 males(79.4%)and 14 females(20.6%).Being a male was a significant risk factor(P=0.032,OR=4.82)associated with CL.Lesions were observed mainly on the exposed areas of the body,of which the forearm(22.1%)was the most commonly affected site.Single lesions(75.0%)and ulcerated nodules with central crust(39.7%)were the prominent features among the infected group.The age group of 21–40 years was significantly associated with healing lesions(P=0.028,marginal effect=0.55).However,a significant negative relationship was detected between ulcerated nodular lesions and lesion healing(P=0.0436,marginal effect=−0.375).Males are at higher risk of CL.Early diagnosis and specific treatment,along with preventive measures such as protective clothing and sand fly repellents,can limit the spread of the disease.There is a need for a comprehensive approach to prevent and control the transmission of CL.

关键词： Leishmania donovani cutaneous leishmaniasis kDNA microscopy skin lesions Sri Lanka Northern Province

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Cetacean occurrence and diversity in whale-watching waters off Mirissa,Southern Sri Lanka

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第4期16卷 462-476页

作者： Dissanayake Mudiyanselage Rajitha SANKALPA Elle Pathirathnalage Darshana Nuwan THILAKARATHNE Wenzhi LIN Vidusanka THILAKANAYAKA Chathurika Piumi KUMARASINGHE Mingming LIU Mingli LIN Songhai LI Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory Institute of Deep-sea Science and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesSanyaChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Department of Animal Science Faculty of Animal Science and Export AgricultureUva Wellassa UniversitySri Lanka South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina Department of Oceanography and Marine Geology Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of RuhunaWellamadamaMataraSri Lanka

Scientific information is vital to the conservation of cetaceans and the management of whale-watching activities.The southern coastal waters of Sri Lanka are near a narrow continental shelf and biologically abundant in cetacean species.Although the occurrence of cetaceans has been investigated in certain waters of Sri Lanka,few surveys have been conducted along the southern coast.To fill this gap,we conducted boat-based surveys from January to May 2017 to investigate the occurrence,diversity,and behavior of cetaceans in the waters off Mirissa,covering a survey area of 788.9 km2.During 55 survey days,we recorded a total of 242 cetacean sightings and identified at least 9 species(3 mysticetes and 6 odontocetes).The blue whale was the most common mysticete species(167 of 174 mysticete encounters),followed by the Omura’s whale(4 of 174)and Bryde’s whale(3 of 174).The spinner dolphin was the most common odontocete species(28 of 68 odontocete encounters),followed by the sperm whale(18 of 68),common bottlenose dolphin(13 of 68),short-finned pilot whale(5 of 68),melon-headed whale(2 of 68),and killer whale.Blue whales and sperm whales exhibited a clear preference for outer shelf and high slope areas,and blue whales were observed feeding along these waters.The present study provides near-baseline information on cetacean occurrence and diversity in whale-watching waters off southern Sri Lanka,and highlights the urgent need for proper management strategies for whale-watching activities.

关键词： cetaceans diversity index dolphins Sri Lanka whale-watching

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Public knowledge,practices and perceptions on typhus fevers in Southern Sri Lanka

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第5期15卷 206-212页

作者： Ashani Liyanage Nilmini Chandrasena Nayana Gunathilaka Ruwan Sanjeewa Ranjan Premaratna Rickettsial Disease Diagnostic and Research Laboratory Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KelaniyaRagama11010Sri Lanka Department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KelaniyaRagama 11010Sri Lanka Medical Officer of Health ElpitiyaMinistry of HealthcareNutrition and Indigenous Medicine80400Sri Lanka Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KelaniyaRagama 11010Sri Lanka

Objective:To assess public knowledge,practices and perceptions on typhus fevers in Sri Lanka.Methods:A descriptive study was done in four selected typhus-prone areas in Southern Sri Lanka.A mixed-method was employed using face-to-face interviews and questionnaire-based surveys among confirmed cases of typhus and at-risk populations,respectively.Frequencies,percentages,and means were used to characterize socio-demography and evaluate disease awareness.Results:The lay terms for typhus fevers reported in the studied region were“peacock fever”,“tick fever”and“bird fever”.A total of 499 subjects participated[mean±SD,(45±16)years]in the questionnaire-based survey,and 13.6%(n=68)reported past experience of typhus fever,1.2%(n=6)identified the disease as“typhus”while 58.7%(n=293)and 11.8%(n=59)knew it as‘peacock fever’and‘tick fever’,respectively.The etiological agent was unknown to 95.2%(n=475),but 53.5%(n=267)were aware that it was vector-borne.Fever(57.3%,n=286),eschar(35.7%,n=178),headache(22.0%,n=267)and myalgia(19.2%,n=96)were identified as key symptoms.Past disease experience was significantly associated with higher awareness of the main disease symptoms(fever:χ^(2)=15.713,P<0.001;headache:χ^(2)=19.447,P<0.001;lymphadenopathy:Fisher’s exact test,P=0.023;eschar:χ^(2)=12.049,P<0.001).None knew of any disease prevention methods.Participants with a past history of typhus fever had sought treatment at state hospitals(55.9%,38/68)and private sector hospitals(5.9%,4/68).Conclusions:Public awareness on preventive practices for typhus fevers was rare among the participants though vector-borne aspect was known to many.Clinical disease awareness was deficient among those without past experience of typhus fever.Community sensitization on vector avoidance strategies is highly recommended.

关键词： Awareness Perceptions Practices Typhus fevers Sri Lanka

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Is resilience socially emerging or embedded?A review of“resilience”under climate change in Sri Lanka

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2021年第4期2卷 258-266页

作者： Ryo Tsuchida Shutaro Takeda Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan

Since the advent of a new academic regime that examines the nexus of humans and water,resilience studies of the coevolution of human-water systems have advanced rapidly because of the climate change.However,the concept of resilience poses a new social challenge.This study analyzes the gap in resilience studies through a Sri Lankan water-related disaster research review.Moreover,the authors discuss the potential and challenges for resilience evolution under climate change in Sri Lanka.Analyzing the nuance of resilience,the review showed that resilience is complementarily emerging and embedded in culture and society,such as traditional knowledge and local history,and from scientific research-oriented translation and wide international policy view in both.Resilience is the accumulation of stable states and supporting mechanisms found in the interaction between normal phases and emergencies in elements unique to the region.This study suggests that it is critical to support the resilience and mechanisms of the whole and each layer,leveraging the diverse and sustainable livelihoods in the Sri Lankan context against climate change.

关键词： Resilience Climate change Water-related disasters Adaptation Sri Lanka

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Resurgence of measles virus infection in an eliminated country, Sri Lanka

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第5期17卷 208-213页

作者： Merennage Anusha Yasanthi Fernando Gankandage Prabhath Chathuranga Kaanthaka Gunaradha Abeygunasekara Dedunu Dias Weligamage Janaki Indira Abeynayake Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ColomboSri Lanka Department of Virology Medical Research InstituteColombo 08Sri Lanka Department of Medical Administration Medical Research InstituteColombo 08Sri Lanka

Objective:To describe the situation of measles in Sri Lanka from May to November,2023 and to define the role of virology laboratory towards case confirmation and epidemiological and genetic characterization of the outbreak.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed all samples tested for measles from 1st of May to 30th of November,2023 at National Measles Rubella Laboratory,Sri Lanka.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)algorithm,serum and oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs were tested with WHO recommended kits for anti-measles IgM and measles virus specific RNA,respectively.Selected RNA positive samples were sequenced at reference laboratory,India.Analysis of sequencing data and construction of phylogenetic tree were carried out at National Measles Rubella Laboratory.Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:Of the total 1132 serum samples and 497 oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs from 1326 patients,657(49.5%)patients were confirmed as measles by anti-measles IgM,measles virus specific RNA or both.Males(55.6%,n=365)and the age group from>20 to≤30 years(33.0%,n=217)predominated positive patients.All provinces reported measles positive cases.All samples sequenced(100%,n=42)were genotype D8 with 95.2%(n=40)bearing Victoria.Australia origin.Conclusions:We described resurgence of measles in an eliminated country,confirming the genotype to be D8,one of the two genotypes currently circulating globally.Further,the study strongly convinced the importance of a strengthened virological surveillance system in an eliminated country,despite its eliminated status.

关键词： Measles elimination Resurgence of measles Sri Lanka Genotype D8 National Measles Rubella Laboratory

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Gemological-Mineralogical Characteristic of Spinels from Sri Lanka

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宝石和宝石学杂志（中英文） 2023年第6期25卷 42-57页

作者： Pantaree Lomthong Dietmar Schwarz Gamini Zoyza Yanyu Chen Yicen Liu Asian Institute of Gemological Sciences Shenzhen 518038China Zmpery Gemology Lab. Shanghai 201403China Ceylon Gemmological Services Colombo 01400Sri Lanka Lab.of Gems&Technological Materials of Tongii University Shanghai 200092China

Detailed mineralogical and gemological records were conducted on 340 unheated spinels from the Horana, Eheliyagoda, Ratnapura, and Okkampatiya mining areas in Sri Lanka. The color of Sri Lankan spinel varies greatly: in addition to the mainstream pink to purple pink, green and blue can also be seen. Compared with spinel from other regions such as Myanmar, Vietnam, and Tanzania, Sri Lanka's spinel has more abundant inclusions: several mining areas generally have inclusions such as dolomite, apatite, zircon, and chondrodite. Minerals such as graphite and forsterite are also found in spinel produced in the Horana region;graphite and rutile have been found in spinel produced in the Okkamptiya region. Partially healed fissures are most common in spinel in the Okkampatiya mining area;Unlike Vietnamese spinel, dislocations and growth structures are almost absent in Sri Lankan spinel. The LA-ICP-MS analysis results showed that there were no significant differences among the mining areas. LA-ICP-MS analysis of 5 Sri Lankan cobalt blue spinels showed a variation of 11 to 120 ppm in this chromogenic element. The UV visible absorption spectrum results show that Sri Lankan spinel has a combination spectra with variable ratios of the spectral components Cr 3+ , V 3+ and Fe 2+ from pink to red, orange, purple to purple, and blue-green. The results of infrared spectroscopy and laser Raman spectroscopy analysis showed that all samples showed no indications for heat treatment.

关键词： gemological-mineralogical characteristic spinel Sri Lanka spectroscopy inclusion

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Sri Lanka seasonal warm pools

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第2期39卷 437-446页

作者： Guoqing HAN Changming DONG Jingsong YANG Yu LIU School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China Marine Science and Technology College Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316000China

Sri Lanka seasonal warm pools(SSWPs)with high sea surface temperature(SST)(greater than 29.6℃in summer and greater than 28℃in winter)around the Sri Lanka Island are discovered using 37-year(1982–2018)satellite remote sensing SST data.It is identifi ed that during the onset of the summer(winter)monsoon,the maximum SST in the SSWPs can be 1.8℃(0.8℃)higher than the surrounding ocean.Due to orographic infl uences,the wind intensity on the leeward side of Sri Lanka is weakened,reducing evaporation and oceanic mixing,and resulting in higher SST.The analysis of the long-term data shows that SSWPs are related to El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)events.Background currents are also found to play important roles in governing the SSWPs intensities through the heat advection.

关键词： Sri Lanka monsoon warm pool

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Climate change induced vulnerability and adaption for dengue incidence in Colombo and Kandy districts: the detailed investigation in Sri Lanka

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第4期9卷 154-155页

作者： Lahiru Udayanga Nayana Gunathilaka M.C.M.Iqbal WAbeyewickreme Department of Biosystems Engineering Faculty of Agriculture&Plantation ManagementWayamba University of Sri LankaMakaduraSri Lanka Department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KelaniyaRagamaSri Lanka Plant and Environmental Sciences National Institute of Fundamental StudiesKandySri Lanka Department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineSir John Kotelawala Defense UniversityRathmalanaSri Lanka

Background Assessing the vulnerability of an infectious disease such as dengue among endemic population is an important requirement to design proactive programmes in order to improve resilience capacity of vulnerable communities.The current study aimed to evaluate the climate change induced socio-economic vulnerability of local communities to dengue in Colombo and Kandy districts of Sri Lanka.Methods A total of 42 variables(entomological,epidemiological,meteorological parameters,land-use practices and socio-demographic data)of all the 38 Medical Officer of Health(MOH)areas in the districts of Colombo and Kandy were considered as candidate variables for a composite index based vulnerability assessment.The Principal Component Analysis(PCA)was used in selecting and setting the weight for each indicator.Exposure,Sensitivity,Adaptive Capacity and Vulnerability of all MOH areas for dengue were calculated using the composite index approach recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Results Out of 42 candidate variables,only 23 parameters(Exposure Index:six variables;Sensitivity Index:11 variables;Adaptive Capacity Index:six variables)were selected as indicators to assess climate change vulnerability to dengue.Colombo Municipal Council(CMC)MOH area denoted the highest values for exposure(0.89:exceptionally high exposure),sensitivity(0.86:exceptionally high sensitivity)in Colombo,while Kandy Municipal Council(KMC)area reported the highest exposure(0.79:high exposure)and sensitivity(0.77:high sensitivity)in Kandy.Piliyandala MOH area denoted the highest level of adaptive capacity(0.66)in Colombo followed by Menikhinna(0.68)in Kandy.The highest vulnerability(0.45:moderate vulnerability)to dengue was indicated from CMC and the lowest indicated from Galaha MOH(0.15;very low vulnerability)in Kandy.Interestingly the KMC MOH area had a notable vulnerability of 0.41(moderate vulnerability),which was the highest within Kandy.Conclusions In general,vulnerability for dengue was relatively higher within the MOH area

关键词： Dengue Climate change Vulnerability Sri Lanka

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Toward sustainable development： Lessons from vernacular settlements of Sri Lanka

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第3期7卷 334-346页

作者： Ranjith Dayaratne Department of Architecture and Interior Design University of Bahrain PO BOX 32038 Bahrain

From modern urban perspectives, indigenous housing practices are regarded as undeveloped, backward, and require improvements. They may be valid for measuring on the basis of standards alien to the communities. However, these perceptions have obfuscated the appreciation and potential adoption of hotistic, culturally relevant, and traditionally tested approaches to planning and housing that have sustained communities for centuries. Sri Lankan indigenous settlements have been founded on principles and understanding acquired through the wisdom of Buddhism. For the Sri Lankan indigenous, sustainability has been an intrinsic accompaniment to everyday life, unlike articulated modern discourses. However, these traditions exert minimal benefits to recent housing practices, and researchers are Looking etsewhere to develop mechanisms to infuse sustainability as a recently discovered issue of significance. The present study examines the principles underlying several indigenous settlements in Sri Lanka through dose observations supported by documented evidence and demonstrates their validity and appropriateness for contemporary planning practices. This study argues that approaches to sustainabitity shoutd be generated hotisticatty from within rather than from the outside and offers several propositions that can redirect the contemporary housing and planning practices.

关键词： Vernacutar setttement Sustainabte tesson Buddhism and cutture Traditional practice Sri Lanka

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