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Multiple Heat and Drought Events Affect Grain Yield and Accumulations of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits and Glutenin Macropolymer in wheat

Multiple Heat and Drought Events Affect Grain Yield and Accu...

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第十五次中国小麦栽培科学学术研讨会

作者： WOLLENWEBER Bernd Institute of Agroecology Faculty of Science and TechnologyAarhus University

spring wheat plants were subjected to water deficits and / or high temperature episodes at spikelet initiation, anthesis or both *** stresses modified the early dough stage and maturity,shortened the kernel desiccation period, and caused loss of grain *** subjected to stress at the early growth Stages had higher grain yields when stressed again at *** of high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) in the grain was up-regulated by the single early drought event,the early drought combined with late heat stress and the double drought stresses,but was down-regulated by the early heat and double heat *** of glutenin macropolymer(GMP) was increased by the single early drought episode,the single late drought and heat events,as well as the early drought combined with the late heat stresses,but was reduced by the early heat and double heat *** results of the effect of various stress combinations are discussed in relation to the changes in concentrations of HMW-GS in grain and the modified growth periods under different stress combinations.

关键词： spring wheat heat and drought acclimation glutenin kernel desiccation

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Environmentally Smart Nitrogen (ESN)——Potential for Improving Modern Crop Production and N-Use Efficiency

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2020年第6期10卷 327-340页

作者： Tarlok Singh Sahota Lakehead University Agricultural Research Station 5790 Little Norway RoadThunder BayOntarioCanada

Environmentally smart nitrogen(ESN)is polymer coated urea that is designed to release N in synchrony with crop *** on ESN was initiated in field crops in Ontario,Canada in 2006,initially on timothy,spring wheat and winter wheat and later(till date)on bromegrass,grass mixtures(timothy,bromegrass,orchardgrass),other forages(barley,silage corn,oat,MasterGraze corn and sorghum Sudangrass)and *** winter wheat,in three out of six years ESN gave^0.6 MT/ha higher grain yield than *** spring wheat,in a relatively warm year with well-distributed rainfall,ESN produced 1 MT/ha higher grain yield than urea;averaged over three years,two-thirds N from urea and one-third N from ESN could be ***-thirds N from urea and one-third N from ESN gave^0.75 MT/ha extra seed yield as compared to urea alone at 180 kg N/ha in canola during 2016 to *** entire N in winter/spring wheat could be applied in seed rows at seeding as ESN without any detrimental *** highest barley forage yields were recorded by urea at 50 kg N/ha+ESN at 20 kg N/ha which produced 1.2 MT/ha more forage yield than urea at 70 kg N/*** substitution of N from urea with ESN improved forage dry matter yield of timothy and MasterGraze *** MasterGraze corn 100 kg N/ha from urea+ESN(3:1 on N basis)equaled that with urea at 150 kg N/ha in dry matter yield,%protein and relative feed value(RFV),but not in silage corn and sorghum *** equal rates of N,single/fall application of ESN in timothy and bromegrass gave equal yield to urea applied in two splits in spring/*** wheat grain yields were the same with fall/spring application of ***/urea+ESN(3:1 on N basis)increased the grain/forage protein content in almost all crops by 1%-2%points at an extra cost of only$6.0-10.5/ha(with urea+ESN in 3:1 ratio on N basis).The results indicate that ESN could improve both crop yields and quality,make better use of N/or increase N-use *** paper summarizes

关键词： Environmentally smart nitrogen urea spring wheat winter wheat barley canola timothy bromegrass and MasterGraze corn

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