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spray pyrolysis feasibility of tungsten substitution for cobalt in nickel-rich cathode materials

International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第10期31卷 2244-2252页

作者： Zihan Hou Lisheng Guo Xianlong Fu Hongxian Zheng Yuqing Dai Zhixing Wang Hui Duan Mingxia Dong Wenjie Peng Guochun Yan Jiexi Wang Key Laboratory of Value-added Metallurgy of Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery MaterialsSchool of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China BASF Shanshan Battery Materials Co.Ltd. Changsha 410205China

Cobalt(Co)serves as a stabilizer in the lattice structure of high-capacity nickel(Ni)-rich cathode ***,its high cost and toxicity still limit its *** general,it is possible to perform transition metal substitution to reduce the Co ***,the traditional coprecipitation method cannot satisfy the requirements of multielement coprecipitation and uniform distribution of elements due to the differences between element concentration and deposition *** this work,spray pyrolysis was used to prepare LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.1-x)W_(x)O_(2)(LNCW).In this regard,the pyrolysis behavior of ammonium metatungstate was analyzed,together with the substitu-tion of W for *** the possibility of spray pyrolysis,the Ni-Co-W-containing oxide precursor presents a homogeneous distribution of metal elements,which is beneficial for the uniform substitution of W in the final *** was observed that with W substitution,the size of primary particles decreased from 338.06 to 71.76 nm,and cation disordering was as low as 3.34%.As a consequence,the pre-pared LNCW exhibited significantly improved electrochemical *** optimal conditions,the lithium-ion battery assembled with LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.0925)W_(0.0075)O_(2)(LNCW-0.75mol%)had an improved capacity retention of 82.7%after 200 cycles,which provides insight in-to the development of Ni-rich low-Co *** work presents that W can compensate for the loss caused by Co deficiency to a cer-tain extent.

关键词： lithium-ion batteries Ni-rich low-cobalt W substitution spray pyrolysis

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Production and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles and porous particles by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis using a zinc nitrate precursor

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第7期19卷 651-656页

作者： Burak Ebin Elif Arτg Burak zkal Sebahattin Gürmen Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department Istanbul Technical University

ZnO nanoparticles and porous particles were produced by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method using a zinc nitrate precursor at various temperatures under air atmosphere. The effects of reaction temperature on the size and morphology of ZnO particles were investi- gated. The samples were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. ZnO particles were obtained in a hexagonal crystal structure and the crystallite shapes changed from spherical to hex- agonal by elevating the reaction temperature. The crystallite size grew by increasing the temperature, in spite of reducing the residence time in the heated zone. ZnO nanoparticles were obtained at the lowest reaction temperature and ZnO porous particles, formed by aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles due to effective sintering, were prepared at higher temperatures. The results showed that the properties of ZnO particles can be controlled by changing the reaction temperature in the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method.

关键词： zinc oxide nanoparticles nanocrystallites porous materials ultrasonic applications spray pyrolysis

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Effect of deposition conditions on the physical properties of Sn_xS_y thin films prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique

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Journal of Semiconductors 2011年第11期32卷 31-38页

作者： M.R.Fadavieslam N.Shahtahmasebi M.Rezaee-Roknabadi M.M.Bagheri-Mohagheghi Nanotechnology Research Center Department of PhysicsFaculty of Basic SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran School of Physics Damghan University

Tin sulfide thin films （Snx Sy） with an atomic ratio of y/x = 0.5 have been deposited on a glass substrate by spray pyrolysis. The effects of deposition parameters, such as spray solution rate （R）, substrate temperature （Ts） and film thickness （t）, on the structural, optical, thermo-electrical and photoconductivity related properties of the films have been studied. The precursor solution was prepared by dissolving tin chloride （SnC14, 5H2O） and thiourea in propanol, and SnxSy thin film was prepared with a mole ratio of y/x = 0.5. The prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and UV-vis spectroscopy. It is indicated that the XRD patterns of SnxSy films have amorphous and polycrystalline structures and the size of the grains has been changed from 7 to 16 nm. The optical gap of SnxSy thin films is determined to be about 2.41 to 3.08 eV by a plot of the variation of （αhv）2 versus h v related to the change of deposition conditions. The thermoelectric and photo-conductivity measurement results for the films show that these properties are depend considerably on the deposition parameters.

关键词： thin film tin sulfide spray pyrolysis photoconductivity

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High-performance spherical LiVPO4F/C cathode enabled by facile spray pyrolysis

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第12期63卷 2729-2734页

作者： DING XiaoBo ZHOU YongMao YAN GuoChun LI JiaYi WANG JieXi School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Middle School Attached to Central South University Changsha 410083China State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

LiVPO4F suffers problems of difficulty in synthesis and poor conductivity. To solve these,herein sub-micro spherical LiVPO4F/C is synthesized from a highly-reactive hollow VPO4/C sphere that is derived from a facile and fast spray pyrolysis for the first time. Uniform carbon coating layer with a thickness of 5–8 nm is observed on the surface of the particles,helping to improve the electronic conductivity,suppress the particle growth and protect the particles from corrosion by the electrolyte. The particles are shaped as fine sub-micro spheres,which are beneficial for shortening the distance for Li+ transport. Rietveld refinement for the X-ray diffraction pattern of as-prepared sample shows high-purity triclinic LiVPO4F with an enlarged lattice volume,enabling faster Li+ transport in the prepared material. Accordingly,the resulted LiVPO4F/C demonstrates superior electrochemical properties,delivering 135.4,91.1 mA hg-1 at 1,40 C respectively,and remaining the capacity of 93.3 mA hg-1 after 500 cycles at 20 C with the retention of 95.0%. The method introduced here provides an efficient way to address the serious problems of preparing high-purity Li VPO4F with good conductivity.

关键词： lithium ion battery cathode material spray pyrolysis LiVPO4F carbon coating

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Influences of Pr and Ta doping concentration on the characteristic features of FTO thin film deposited by spray pyrolysis

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第10期24卷 414-422页

作者： Güven Turgut Adem Koqyigit Erdal Snmez Erzurum Technical University Science FacultyDepartment of Basic Sciences Igdir University Engineering FacultyDepartment of Electrical Electronic Engineering Ataturk University Kazim Karabekir Education FacultyDepartment of Physics

The Pr and Ta separately doped FTO（10 at.% F incorporated Sn O2） films are fabricated via spray pyrolysis. The microstructural, topographic, optical, and electrical features of fluorine-doped TO（FTO） films are investigated as functions of Pr and Ta dopant concentrations. The x-ray diffraction（XRD） measurements reveal that all deposited films show polycrystalline tin oxide crystal property. FTO film has（200） preferential orientation, but this orientation changes to（211） direction with Pr and Ta doping ratio increasing. Atomic force microscopy（AFM） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） analyses show that all films have uniform and homogenous nanoparticle distributions. Furthermore, morphologies of the films depend on the ratio between Pr and Ta dopants. From ultraviolet-visible（UV-Vis） spectrophotometer measurements, it is shown that the transmittance value of FTO film decreases with Pr and Ta doping elements increasing. The band gap value of FTO film increases only at 1 at.% Ta doping level, it drops off with Pr and Ta doping ratio increasing at other doped FTO films. The electrical measurements indicate that the sheet resistance value of FTO film initially decreases with Pr and Ta doping ratio decreasing and then it increases with Pr and Ta doping ratio increasing. The highest value of figure of merit is obtained for 1 at.% Ta- and Pr-doped FTO film. These results suggest that Pr- and Ta-doped FTO films may be appealing candidates for TCO applications.

关键词： Pr-doped FTO Ta-doped FTO spray pyrolysis tin oxide thin films double doping

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Gas template-assisted spray pyrolysis： A facile strategy to produce porous hollow Co3O4 with tunable porosity for high-performance lithium-ion battery anode materials

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Nano Research 2018年第3期11卷 1490-1499页

作者： Haoran Du Kuangfu Huang Min Li Yuanyuan Xia Yixuan Sun Mengkang Yu Baoyou Geng College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials Center for Nano-Science and Technology Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241000 China

Porous hollow Co3O4 microspheres have been synthesized from a mixed cobalt nitrate and urea solution through spray pyrolysis followed by calcination at 600 ℃ in air. This porous hollow Co3O4 is assembled by nanoparticles and exhibits variable porosity depending on the amount of gas in the system. In pyrolysis process, urea continuously decomposes into gaseous components, which act as a template to control the porous structure. The amount of gas escaping from precursor droplets can directly influence the porosity of the microspheres and the size of the nanoparticles controlled by the ratio of urea to cobalt nitrate. Electrochemical measurements show that the performance of the porous hollow Co3O4 microspheres is related to the porosity and size of the nanopartides. The sample with optimal porosity delivers a high first charge capacity of 1,417.9 mAh·g^-1 at 0.2C （1C = 890 mA·g^-1）, and superior charge cycle performance of 1,012.7 mAh.g-1 after 100 cycles. In addition, the optimized material displays satisfactory rate performance of 1,012.4 mAh.g-1 at 1C after 50 cycles and 881.3 mAh·g^-1 at 2C after 300 cycles. Superior charge/discharge capacity, excellent rate performance and high yield achieved in this study is promising for the development of high-performance Co3O4 anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： Co3O4/gas template tunable porosity spray pyrolysis anode lithium-ion batteries

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Synthesis and characterization of boron-doped NiO thin films pro-duced by spray pyrolysis

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第11期20卷 1097-1101页

作者： U.Alver H.Yayka sh S.Kerli A.Tanr verdi Department of Physics Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering International University of Sarajevo Research and Development Center for University-Industry and Public Relations (USKIM)

Boron-doped NiO thin films were prepared on glass substrates at 400℃ by airbrush spraying method using a solution of nickel nitrate hexahydrate. Their physical properties were investigated as a function of dopant concentration. From X-ray diffraction patterns, it is observed that the films have cubic structure with lattice parameters varying with boron concentration. The morphologies of the films were examined by using scanning electron microscopy, and the grain sizes were measured to be around 30-50 nm. Optical measurements show that the band gap energies of the films first decrease then increase with increasing boron concentration. The resistivities of the films were determined by four point probe method, and the changes in resistivity with boron concentration were investigated.

关键词： nickel oxide thin films spray pyrolysis boron resistivity

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Temperature and Thickness Effects on Electrical Properties of InP Films Deposited by spray pyrolysis

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第1期26卷 260-263页

作者： Refik Kayah Mehmet An Mustafa Oztas Metin Bedir Funda Aksoy Department of Physics Arts and Sciences Faculty Nigde University Nigde Turkey Department of Physics Arts and Sciences Faculty Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey Department if Physics and Engineering Engineering Faculty Gaziantep University Gaziantep Turkey

InP film samples are prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using aqueous solutions of InCl3 and Na2HPO4, which are atomized with compressed air as carrier gas onto glass substrates at 500° C with different thicknesses of the films. The structural properties of the samples are determined by x-ray diffraction （XRD）. It is found that the crystal structure of the InP films is polycrystalline hexagonal. The orientations of all the obtained films are along the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate. The electrical measurements of the samples are obtained by dc four-probe technique on rectangular-shape samples. The effects of temperature on the electrical properties of the InP films are studied in detail.

关键词： THIN-FILMS BEAM EPITAXY SOLAR-CELLS GROWTH-RATE DEPENDENCE solar cells thickness-effect electrical properties Temperature Indium phosphide Films Growth rate spray pyrolysis DEPENDENCE

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Spherical YAG∶Ce^(3+) Phosphor Particles Prepared by spray pyrolysis

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Journal of Rare Earths 2005年第4期23卷 397-400页

作者：戚发鑫王海波朱宪忠 College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing 210009 China

Spherical YAG：Ce^3＋ phosphor particles with narrow size distribution were prepared by spray pyrolysis. The effects of the concentration of solution, the flow rate of cartier gas and the annexing temperature on the phosphor morphology were studied. The productivity of precursor particles shows a trend of drop after rising with the increase of concentration Raising the flow rate of nitrogen can improve the productivity of the precursor particles. Phosphor prepared by spray pyrolysis has obviously higher emission intensity than that synthesized by solid state reaction, spray pyrolysis makes Ce^3＋ ions well distributed in the crystal lattice as the luminescent centers, and phosphor particles have regular sphericity and narrow size distribution.

关键词： spray pyrolysis YAG white-LED spherical phosphor particles rare earths

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Effect of Fe-doping on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis

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Journal of Semiconductors 2013年第7期34卷 31-36页

作者： S.M.Salaken E.Farzana J.Podder Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka-1000Bangladesh Department of Physics Bangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka-1000Bangladesh

Fe-doped ZnO thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis on glass substrates and the influence of Fe-doping concentration on the structural and optical properties of the films has been *** X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis shows that Fe doping has a significant effect on crystalline quality,grain size and strain in the thin *** best crystalline structure is obtained for 3 at%Fe doping as observed from scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and ***,lower or higher Fe-doping degrades the crystalline quality in ***,UV spectroscopy demonstrates the influence of Fe-incorporation on visible range transmittance of ZnO where the best transmittance is obtained for 3 at%*** results have been illustrated simultaneously focusing previous results obtained from literature.

关键词： ZnO spray pyrolysis thin films

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