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Neuroprotective Effects of Hesperidin and Benfotiamine against Paraquat Induced spinal cord Neurotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2021年第3期9卷 139-164页

作者： Dalia M. Amin Shimaa H. Ameen Marwa T. Abaza Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt

Introduction: There are extensive people exposures to paraquat (PQ) herbicide resulting in human health hazards. Aim of the Work: To compare the beneficial neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and benfotiamine on paraquat (PQ)-induced spinal cord neurotoxic effects in rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into 4 groups as following: control, paraquat (PQ 20.8 mg/kg, oral gavage (e.g.)), paraquat + benfotiamine (50 mg/kg, oral gavage (e.g.)) and paraquat + hesperidin (40 mg/kg, oral gavage (e.g.)). PQ is given as the previous dose. Rats are treated 6 days per week. Results: There was a significant increased mean value of malondialdehyde associated with a significant reduction in the content of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes activities associated with a significant increase in Serum phosphorylated neurofilament-H, neurospecific enolase and s100 levels were recorded and significant spinal cord histopathological changes in paraquat treated group as compared to their corresponding values in the control group and immunohistochemical examination confirmed these results. Upon supplementation with benfotiamine and hesperidin to paraquat treated rats, there was a significant decrease in the mean values of malondialdehyde associated with a marked increase in the content of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes activities associated with a significant decrease in Serum phosphorylated neurofilament-H, neurospecific enolase and s100 levels were also recorded with significant improvement of spinal cord architecture when compared with the paraquat treated group. Conclusion: The use of benfotiamine and hesperidin produced a significant protection against all of the above-mentioned changes.

关键词： Benfotiamine Hesperidin Paraquat spinal cord Toxicity

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Management strategies in acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a narrative review

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2020年第4期7卷 335-344页

作者： Geoff Crozier-Shaw Hazel Denton Seamus Morris National spinal Injuries Unit Mater Misercordiae University HospitalDublin 7Ireland University College Dublin(UCD) Dublin 4Ireland Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland(RCSI) Dublin 2Ireland

Worldwide, spinal cord injury (SCI) affects around 500,000 people each year and results in significant morbidity. The primary insult to the spinal cord occurs at the time of the initial injury, which may result from a contusion, laceration or more rarely a transection. Secondary damage in SCI is more insidious and subacute;it is the result of a combination of an inflammatory response, vascular changes and ionic dysregulation. Early clinical intervention is vital after the acute, primary insult to ensure the best possible outcomes for these patients. Current evidence on the demographics and mechanisms, underlying basic science and management strategies of spinal cord injuries are outlined.

关键词： spinal cord trauma orthopaedics neurosurgery

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Effects of Electroacupuncture on Pain Threshold and Prostaglandin E2 in spinal cord in Postoperative Pain Rat

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World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2020年第4期6卷 35-41页

作者： WANG Jin-kun YU Xue CAO Kang-di YE Chen CHEN Yu-qi LIU Huai-wei XUE Na-ying XI Meng-qi REN Xiu-jun School of Acupunture-Moxibusion and Tuina Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China

Objective:Electroacupuncture(EA)is good at post-surgical *** point selection method in treating incision-induced pain remains a major clinical *** reasoned that different acupoints may work though adjusting prostaglandin E2 in spinal *** wish to explore the analgesic mechanism of electroacupuncture on plantar incision pain rats and provide more therapeutic ideas for acupuncture ***:A total of 50 male rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group,a model group,an EA 1,EA 2 and a drug group(n=10,each).A rat model of left plantar incision pain was *** rats in EA1 group was needled at ipsilateral Yanglingquan(GB34)and Taixi(KI3).The rats in EA2 group was needled at ipsilateral Quchi(LI11)and Hegu(LI4).EA stimulation(2/100 Hz,1-2-3 mA)was administered 30 minutes immediately after *** rats in drug group were fed with Fenbid by gavage 20 minutes before incision(30 mg/kg,p.o.).The hot plate pain detector was used to measure the thermal pain threshold(TPT)before and 24 hours after operation Prostaglandin E2 content of spinal cord was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)at 1 and 24 hours after ***:Compared with sham operation group,the TPT in model group decreased 41%.Compared with the model group,the TPT increased 56%in EA1,29%in EA2,190%in drug group(P>0.05).At 1 h after operation,compared with the sham operation group,PGE_2 in model group increased 15%.Compared with the model group,PGE_2 in drug group decreased 5%.At 24 hours after operation,compared with sham operation group,PGE_2 in model group increased 9%.Compared with model group,it decreased 4%in EA 1 group,8%in drug group and increased 3%in EA2 ***:Both the drug and the electroacupuncture can adjust the 24-hour pain threshold and PGE_2 in spinal *** curative effects of the drug are better than that of *** proximal point is better than that of the distal *** can treat

关键词： Electroacupuncture Postoperative pain Pain threshold spinal cord Prostaglandin

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Activation of ERK1/2 in spinal cord contributes to the development of acute cystic pain in rabbits

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2006年第4期22卷 216-220页

作者： Yong-Hong WANG Li-Cai ZHANG Yin-Ming ZENG Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangsu Province Xuzhou 221002 China

Objective To investigate the role of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） in spinal cord in the development of cystic pain in rabbit. Methods We observed the relationship between the activation of ERK1/2 in spinal cord and nociceptive behaviors, as well as the effect of U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase （MEK, upstream protein of ERK1/2） inhibitor, on cystic pain in rabbits by behavioral test, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results After injecting 0.5 ml formalin into gallbladder, the behaviors such as grasping of the cheek and licking of the abdomen increased in 30 min, with a significant increase in pERK1/2 expression in the spinal cord, as well as the pERK1/ 2 immunoreactive cells located in laminae Ⅴ-Ⅶ and X of the dorsal horn and ventral horn of T6 spinal cord. Administration of U0126 （100 -400 μg/kg body weight, i.v., 10 min before instillation of formalin） could attenuated nociceptive behaviors dose-dependently, but could not restrain the nociceptive behaviors completely even at the maximal efficient dose of 400 μg/kg body weight. Conclusion Activated ERK1/2 in the spinal cord at least partly participates in the development of acute inflammatory cystic pain induced by formalin in rabbits.

关键词： gallbladder cystic pain rabbit spinal cord pERK U0126

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Changes of 5-hydroxytryptamine and tryptophan hydroxylase expression in the ventral horn of spinal cord

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2008年第1期24卷 29-33页

作者： Chuan-Xiang XU Hong-Tao LIU Jing WANG Institute of Healthy and Environmental Medicine Academy of Military Medical Sciences Tianjin 300050 China

Objective To investigate changes of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） and its synthesis rate-limiting enzyme tryp-tophan hydroxylase （TPH） in the ventral horn of spinal cord after exercise-induced fatigue, and to further discuss the mecha- nism of exercise-induced central fatigue at spinal level. Methods Sixteen healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups： exercise-induced fatigue group and control group. Immunohistochemical staining for 5-HT and TPH in the ventral horn were performed and analysized quantitatively. The mean optic densities of 5-HT and TPH positive fibers or terminals were measured by computerized image analyzer. Results Both 5-HT and TPH positive fibers/terminals decreased in the exercise-induced fatigue group. The immunohistochemical staining was weaker and the mean optic densities decreased obviously in the fatigue group compared with those in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion 5-HT and TPH in the ventral horn of spinal cord might be involved in exercise-induced fatigue.

关键词： ventral horn spinal cord 5-hydroxytryptamine tryptophan hydroxylase exercise-induced fatigue immunohisto-chemistry

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Neuroimaging techniques and their application in the spinal cord

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Translational Neuroscience and Clinics 2016年第4期2卷 211-214页

作者： Yong Hu Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine the University of Hong Kong

Non-invasive neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the assessment of the human spinal cord, but it is quite challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is an important modality to obtain both high-resolution anatomical and functional information concerning the spinal cord. Besides conventional MRI, advanced MRI techniques could provide novel information about the microstructure and neural function of the spinal cord,thereby enhancing the understanding of spinal cord neurology and pathology of various spinal disorders.

关键词： spinal cord neuroimaging non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging

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TYPES　OF　CONVERGENT　NEURONS　OF　DORSAL　HORN　IN　THE　spinal　cord　FROM　SOMATIC　AND　VISCERAL　INPUTS　IN　spinal　RATS

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 1995年第1期9卷 25-28页

作者： Zhu Zhongliang Jiang Sainan Niu HanZhang(Department of Physiology,Xi’an Medical University,Xi’an 710061)

The technique of stretching urinary bladder of rats was applied in order to analyze thedorsal horn convergent neurons from somatic and visceral inputs.A sundered and fifty-seven neurons were found in the dorsal horns,and LTM, WDR,NS was *** numbers were 58(36.94%),86(54.78%),and 13(8.28%)***-two of them were somatic-visceralcouvergent neurons(SVCN).The Physiological characteristics of SVCN,suck as latentes,numbersof spikes,conductive velocities from somatic and visceral inputs as well as receptive fields were *** SVCN in the experiment were classfied into 2 subgroups according to the their differentphysiological features: AC-V,*** of the recorded SVCN were involved in C *** indicatesthat SVCN play an important role in modulating senses,especially sense of pain.

关键词： sural nerve urinary bladder spinal cord convergent neuron

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Survival and migration of Schwann cells after the vascularized peripheral nerve grafted into spinal cord in rats

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2005年第4期20卷 232-235页

作者：郭庆山王爱民王晓军孙红振杜全印 Department of Orthopedic and Traumatic Surgery Institute of Surgery Research Daping HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042 China

Objective：To study the survival and ability of inducing axonal regeneration of the Schwann cells after the peripheral nerve being grafted into spinal cord. Methods：A total of 30 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into the VN （vascularized peripheral nerve） and PN （peripheral nerve） groups. A 5-mm spinal cord defect of the left posterior column was made at the T1-3 vertebral level. The defect was grafted with the vascularized or isolated peripheral nerve respectively. The survival and proliferation of the Schwann cells were assessed by histological and morphometric analysis 8 weeks after the operation. Resuits：In the VN group, the peripheral nerve grew into the cord with lots of Schwann cells survived and proliferated, and had more NF and S-100 positive fibers than in the PN group. Conclusion：The vascularized peripheral nerve enhances the survival and proliferation of the Schwann cells and prompts the regener- ation of injured axon of the central nerve system to certain degree.

关键词： peripheral nerve Schwann cell graft spinal cord injury

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Primary malignant melanoma of the spinal cord:a case report

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2016年第1期2卷 144-146页

作者： Ashutosh Das Sharma Jyoti Poddar Ubrangala Suryanarayan Kunikullaya Jay Prakash Neema Department of Radiotherapy Gujarat Cancer and Research InstituteAsarwa 380016AhmedabadIndia

Primary malignant melanoma of the central nervous system is rare,and the events involving the spinal cord are even more infrequent.A 30-year-old male presented with a mass lesion of the spinal *** radiological workup,the mass was resected in December *** histopathological examination report and immunohistochemistry suggested malignant ***-CT scan,brain MRI,and funduscopic examination did not reveal malignant melanoma elsewhere in the *** patient received postoperative radiotherapy until March ***,the patient is asymptomatic with normal neurological functions.

关键词： Malignant melanoma cervical spine spinal cord intramedullary central nervous system

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Expression of NF-κB in Schwann cells and its effect on motor neuron apoptosis in spinal cord following sciatic nerves injury in rats

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2007年第2期22卷 92-96页

作者：王永堂鲁秀敏余瑛杨艳红高洁 State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury Institute of Surgery ResearchDaping HospitalThird Military Medical University College of Bioengineering Chongqing Institute of Technology

Objective：To explore the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-kB） in Schwann cells （SCs） and its effect on motor neuron apoptosis in spinal cord following sciatic nerves injury in adult rats. Methods： Thirty-six adult Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were divided randomly into normal control group （n=6）, and sciatic nerves crushing group （n= 30）, and the later was further equally randomized into 5 subgroups： 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d post-injury groups. The expression of NF-kB of normal and injured nerves were examined by immunohistochemistry staining, and the apoptosis of motor neurons in spinal cord of lumbar 4 to lumbar 6 （L4-L6） was investigated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay. Both were *** by image analysis. Results： In crushing group, except 21 d post-injury group, the expression of NF-kB was markedly higher than that in the normal control group （P〈0.05, P〈0. 01）. At 1 d after sciatic nerves crushing, the expression of NF-kB was obviously up-regulated, reached peak at 3 d, and recovered at 21 d. The same trend was observed in the time-course on motor neuron apoptosis after sciatic nerves injury. Correlation analyses revealed that motor neuron apoptosis was significantly and positively correlated with the expression of NF-kB following sciatic nerves injury （r= 0. 976 0, P〈0. 01）. Conclusion： After injury of sciatic nerves, the presence and up-regulation of NF-kB in SCs may be involved in motor neuron apoptosis in L4-L6 spinal cord.

关键词： sciatic nerves injury nuclear factor-kappa B motor neuron apoptosis spinal cord

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