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Introduction of Compressive Residual Stress by Means of Cavitation Peening into a Titanium Alloy Rod Used for spinal Implants

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2013年第7期4卷 23-28页

作者： Osamu Takakuwa Amrinder S. Gill Gokul Ramakrishnan Seetha R. Mannava Vijay K. Vasudevan Hitoshi Soyama Department of Nanomechanics Tohoku University Sendai Japan School of Dynamic Systems University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA

The introduction of compressive residual stress is an effective way to reduce fretting fatigue and fretting wear between a spinal implant rod and its holding fixture. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that cavitation peening can introduce compressive residual stress into the surface of a spinal implant rod manufactured from medical grade titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, which has already been processed by glass shot peening. In order to apply the cavitation peening for the small rod, whose diameter is only 5.5 mm, the cavitating region was concentrated by increasing the ambient pressure. The depth profiles of the resulting residual stress were evaluated by X-ray diffraction following layer removal by electropolishing. The results show that cavitation peening creates compressive residual stress deeper into the rod, even though the stress value at the near surface is saturated due to initial processing using glass shot peening. The depth of the compressive residual stress continuously increases from 44 μm to 230 μm with an increase in the cavitation peening processing time. In addition, the full width at half maximum value of the X-ray diffraction profile, which is closely related to the micro-strain, decreases by up to 32% following the application of cavitation peening.

关键词： Compressive Residual Stress Fretting Titanium Alloy Cavitation Peening spinal Implant Rod

EXPERIMENTAL spinal CORD TRAUMATIC INJURY OF THE CAT TREATED WITH ELECTRO-ACUPUNCTURE

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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 1996年第3期6卷 35-40页

作者：晋志高陶之理任文庆杜香莲

44 cats were used in this experiment. The spinal cords of 40 animals were injuredat about L1 level by using Allen’s method （400g/cm） and randomly divided into 2 groups: A)electro-acupuncture treatment group （n=20） and B) control group（n=20）. 2 weeks after spinalcord injury, 80% of animals in the treatment group were survival and 45% of animals in the con-trol group were survival. There was significant difference between these two groups （pspinal cord injury. The latency of theshort latency peak was 15. 61±4. 98 mS and the amplitude was 10. 61 0. 59 mV in the treatmentgroup; and 21. 7±5. 02 mS and 0. 56±0. 32 mV in the control group. Both latency and amplitudewere significant different between the two groups （Pspinal cord injury. The more NF-Hpositive labeling fibers were found in the treatment group than in the control group （P<0. 01 ）.

关键词： Electro-acupuncture Motor evoked potential Neurofilament spinal cord injury Cat

MR Visualization of spinal Dural Arterio-Venous Fistula Using T2-Weighted 3D SPACE—A Spin-Echo Technique

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2015年第5期8卷 327-332页

作者： Franz A. Fellner Christine M. Fellner Rene Chapot Kaveh Akbari Institute of Radiology Kepler University Clinic Medical Faculty of the Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Institute ofNeuroradiology Alfried-Krupp-Krankenhaus Essen Germany

spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) account for about 70% of all spinal AV shunts. We re-port on a 56-year-old male patient with progressive neurological symptoms. Pre- and post-contrast MR imaging of the spine, including contrast-enhanced MR angiography was done on a 1.5 T MR scanner. In addition a special (pre-contrast) 3D turbo-spin-echo sequence with variable flip angle evolution (SPACE) was performed providing a slice thickness of 0.9 mm. T2-weighted images showed extensive widened and tortuous vascular structures with typical flow voids intradurally due to dilated pial veins. The origin of the spinal dural arteriovenous fistula was found to be the radiculomeningeal artery at level D10/11 on the left side, visualized by the T2-weighted 3D SPACE sequence and CE MRA. After imaging the patient was referred to an interventional neuroradiology department for therapy. With the detailed information from MR imaging concerning the fistula level the interventional radiologist was able to find the fistula immediately and consequently treated it successfully by endovascular therapy. Interpreting the MR images of this obvious case of a SDAVF, SPACE sequence after post processing with 3D MPR software directly led to the location of the AV shunt at D10/11 on the left side, better than 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography did. Therefore, SPACE can be a useful adjunct in further evaluation of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula and especially in defining fistula level.

关键词： Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography (CE MRA) 3D Pulse Sequences 3D SPACE spinal Dural Arterio-Venous Fistula (SDAVF)

Progress in Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring for the Surgical Treatment of Thoracic spinal Stenosis

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2017年第4期32卷 260-264页

作者： Yongsheng Liu Yu Zhao Department of Orthopedics Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730 China

Thoracic spinal stenosis (TSS) is a group of clinical syndromes caused by thoracic spinal cord compression, which always results in severe clinical complications. The incidence of TSS is relatively low compared with lumbar spinal stenosis, while the incidence of spinal cord injury during thoracic decompression is relatively high. The reported incidence of neurological deficits after thoracic decompression reached 13.9%.Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) can timely provide information regarding the function status of the spinal cord, and help surgeons with appropriate performance during operation. This article illustrates the theoretical basis of applying IONM in thoracic decompression surgery, and elaborates on the relationship between signal changes in IONM and postoperative neurological function recovery of the spinal cord. It also introduces updated information in multimodality IONM, the factors influencing evoked potentials,and remedial measures to improve the prognosis.

关键词： thoracic spinal stenosis intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring motor evoked potentials somatosensory evoked potentials prognosis

National spinal Cord Injury Registry of Iran(NSCIR-IR)-a critical appraisal of its strengths and weaknesses

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2019年第5期22卷 300-303页

作者： Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini Zahra Azadmanjir Mohsen Sadeghi-Naini Zahra Ghodsi Khatereh Naghdi Mahdi Mohammadzadeh Amir AzarHomayoun Kazem Zendehdel Moein Khormali Farideh Sadeghian Seyed Behzad Jazayeri Mojtaba Sehat Habibollah Pirnejad Edward C.Benzel Gerard O'Reilly Michael G.Fehlings Alexander R.Vaccaro Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Toronto Western Hospital University Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Rothman InstituteThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUSA Brain and spinal Cord Injury Research Center Neuroscience InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Health Information Management School of Allied Medical SciencesTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Trauma Research Center Kashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran Cancer Research Center Cancer InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Students'Scientific Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Shahroud University of Medical SciencesShahroudIran Department of Health Information Technology Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran Cleveland Clinic Foundation Department of NeurosurgeryClevelandOHUSA Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia

The National spinal Cord Injury Registry of Iran(NSCIR-IR)is a not-for-profit,hospital-based,and prospective observational registry that appraises the quality of care,long-term outcomes and the personal and psychological burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in *** validity in every registry includes rigorous attention to data *** quality assurance is essential for any registry to make sure that correct patients are being enrolled and that the data being collected are *** reviewed strengths and weaknesses of the NSCIR-IR while considering the methodological guidelines and recommendations for efficient and rational governance of patient *** summary,the steering committee,funded and maintained by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran,the international collaborations,continued staff training,suitable data quality,and the ethical approval are considered to be the strengths of the registry,while limited human and financial resources,poor interoperability with other health systems,and time-consuming processes are among its main weaknesses.

关键词： spinal cord injuries Injury registries Data accuracy Iran

Cardiovascular complications associated with spinal cord injury

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Journal of Acute Disease 2018年第4期7卷 139-144页

作者： Roberto Fabio Calvo-Infante Alexis Narvaez-Rojas Huber Padilla-Zambrano Samer S.Hoz Amit Agrawal Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar University of Cartagena Cartagena de IndiasColombia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Nicaragua Nicaragua Neurosurgeon Department of NeurosurgeryNeurosurgery teaching Hospital-BaghdadIraq Department of Neurosurgery Narayna Medical College HospitalChinthareddypalemNellore-524003Andhra PradeshIndia Neurosurgery-Critical Care Cartagena Neurotrauma Research GroupUniversidad de CartagenaCartagena de IndiasColombia

spinal cord injury can lead to important functional, psychological and social sequelae. Despite the progress in medicine and greater understanding of the pathophysiological events associated with a traumatic spinal cord injury, spinal cord injury is still associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The involvement of the autonomic nervous system has implications in acute and chronic stages of the injured spinal cord patients. The most frequent cardiovascular complications in the acute phase of the traumatic spinal lesions are bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, increased vasovagal reflexes, ventricular and supraventricular ectopic beats, venous stasis, and vasodilation. In the chronic phase, we find orthostatic hypotension, alteration of the arterial pressure and the regulation of the body temperature as well as alteration of the blood volume. The knowledge of the cardiovascular alterations is of vital importance for the management and rehabilitation of the patients with spinal cord injury. In this article, we present a critical review of medical literature.

关键词： Complications spinal cord trauma spinal cord

Combined spinal Epidural Catheters for Epidural Cooling, Cerebrospinal Fluid Aspiration and spinal Intralipid Infusion for Treatment of spinal and Brain Injuries, Diseases and Protection

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2014年第1期4卷 13-30页

作者： Joseph Eldor Theoretical Medicine Institute Jerusalem Israel

A new proposal for spinal cord and brain treatment and protection due to injuries and diseases is made herein. It is composed of two 20G nylon catheters with 6 lateral holes arranged circumferentially within 3 cm from the tip and a closed end. One catheter is inserted into the epidural space and the other catheter is inserted into the spinal space in two different lumbar interspaces using an 18G Tuohy needle 90 mm. The epidural catheter is used for cooled saline injection and infusion. The spinal catheter is used for Intralipid spinal injections and CSF aspiration. The proposal is based on the current studies on spinal cord cooling and CSF aspiration as well as on the Intralipid resuscitation properties and lipid brain protection. A study is needed to evaluate the clinical value of this combined approach.

关键词： spinal Catheter Epidural Catheter Epidural Cooling spinal Intralipid spinal Injury Brain Injury spinal Disease Brain Disease spinal Protection Brain Protection

Humane Non-Human Primate Model of Traumatic spinal Cord Injury Utilizing Electromyography as a Measure of Impairment and Recovery

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2013年第1期3卷 86-89页

作者： William A. Graham Douglas L. Rosene Susan Westmoreland Andrew Miller Ervin Sejdic Shanker Nesathurai Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Canada

The overall goal of this project is to develop a humane non-human primate model of traumatic spinal cord injury that will facilitate the development and evaluation of therapeutic interventions. The model utilizes neurophysiological techniques to identify the location of the upper motor neuron axons that innervate the lower motor neurons that control tail musculature. This facilitates the placement of a selective lesion that partially disconnects the upper and lower motor neuron supply to the musculature of the tail. An implanted transmitter quantitatively measures electromyography data from the tail. The preliminary data indicates that this model is feasible. The subject was able to tolerate the implantation of the transmitter, without adverse effects. As well, there was no limb impairment, bowel dysfunction or bladder dysfunction. The histopathologic and electromyographic features of the selective experimental lesion were similar to human spinal cord injury.

关键词： spinal Cord Injury Animal Model Pathophysiology Electromyography

Bacterial Meningitis Following spinal Anesthesia for Caesarean Section

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2018年第10期6卷 1-4页

作者： Qin Jian Low Kuo Zhau Teo Seng Wee Cheo Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Sultanah Nora Ismail Batu Pahat Malaysia Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Lahad Datu Lahad Datu Malaysia

Bacterial meningitis has a potentially devastating outcome if there is any delay in diagnosis and treatment. There are multiple routes at which bacteria could migrate into the subarachnoid space. Lumbar puncture bypasses the natural defense barrier of central nervous system and therefore carries a risk of transmitting infection to the meninges. We report a case of post spinal bacterial meningitis in a post partum lady who underwent spinal anaesthesia for emergency lower segment caesarean section. She developed signs and symptoms of meningitis twenty-eight hours post procedure. Her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was suggestive of bacterial meningitis and she made a full recovery.

关键词： Bacterial Meningitis spinal Anesthesia Caesarean Section