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spermatids do it differently! Paip2a--the essential regulator of spermiogenesis？

Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 122-124页

作者： Eileen A McLaughlin Gary R Hime ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia

The mechanisms underpinning the latter stages of spermiogenesis are poorly understood and male germ cells have been presumed to extensively employ post-tran- scriptional regulatory machinery,

关键词： spermatids Paip2a-the essential

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Breast cancer resistance protein （Bcrp） and the testis--an unexpected turn of events

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第4期15卷 455-460,I0006页

作者： Xiaojing Qiin Yan-Ho Cheng Dolores D Mruk C Yan Cheng The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research Center for Biomedical Research Population Council New York NY 10065 USA Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China and Richmond University Medical Center Staten Island NY 10301 USA

Breast cancer resistance protein （Bcrp） is an ATP-dependent efflux drug transporter. It has a diverse spectrum of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates ranging from anticancer, antiviral and antihypertensive drugs, to organic anions, antibiotics, phytoestrogens （e.g., genistein, daidzein, coumestrol）, xenoestrogens and steroids （e.g., dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate）. Bcrp is an integral membrane protein in cancer and normal cells within multiple organs （e.g., brain, placenta, intestine and testis） that maintains cellular homeostasis by extruding drugs and harmful substances from the inside of cells. In the brain, Bcrp is a major component of the blood- brain barrier located on endothelial cells near tight junctions （TJs）. However, Bcrp is absent at the Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier （BTB）; instead, it is localized almost exclusively to the endothelial TJ in microvessels in the interstitium and the peritubular myoid cells in the tunica propria. Recent studies have shown that Bcrp is also expressed stage specifically and spatiotemporally by Sertoli and germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium of rat testes, limited only to a testis-specific cell adhesion ultrastructure known as the apical ectoplasmic specialisation （ES） in stage VI-early VIII tubules. These findings suggest that Bcrp is equipped by late spermatids and Sertoli cells to protect late-stage spermatids completing spermiogenesis. Furthermore, Bcrp was found to be associated with F （filamentous）-actin and several actin regulatory proteins at the apical ES and might be involved in the organisation of actin filaments at the apical ES in stage VII-VIII tubules. These findings will be carefully evaluated in this brief review.

关键词： actin filaments breast cancer resistant protein ectoplasmic specialisation effux drugtransporter germ cells Sertoli cells spermatids spermatogenesis spermiogenesis testis

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Human protamines and the developing spermatid: their structure, function, expression and relationshipwith male infertility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第4期5卷 315-324页

作者： Vincent W. Aoki Douglas T. Carrell Andrology and IVF Laboratories University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT 84108 USAAndrology and IVF Laboratories University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA

During spermiogenesis, the protamine proteins play an integral role in spermatid chromatin compaction. Recent research has focused on many facets of protamine biology, including protamine gene and protein structure/ function relationships, mechanisms of protamine expression regulation and involvement of the protamines in male fertility. In this paper, we review our current understanding of the structure and function of the protamine-1 (P1) and protamine-2 (P2) proteins and genes, the expression and regulation of these genes and the relationship between the protamines and male fertility. In addition, we offer a brief outlook on future investigation into protamine proteins.

关键词： protamines spermatids male infertility spermatid transition proteins

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Quantitative (stereological) study on the spermatozoal storage capacity of epididymis in rats and monkeys

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2000年第1期2卷 73-77页

作者： Xiao-Hong WEN Zheng-Wei YANG Morphometric Research Laboratory, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, China. Morphometric Research Laboratory North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637007 China Morphometric Research Laboratory North Sichuan Medical College 234 Fujiang Road Nanchong 637007 Sichuan China

Aim: To investigate the spermatozoal production rate of the testis and the spermatozoal storage capacity of the epi-didymis in monkeys and rats. Methods: The number of the late spermatids (steps 13 - 14 in the monkey or steps15 - 19 in the rat) per testis and the number of spermatozoa per epididymis were estimated in 6 normal adult monkeys(Macaca fascicularis) and 6 normal adult SD rats on 25 um-thick methacrylate-embedded sections using a contempo-rary unbiased and efficient stereological method-the optical disector. The diameter and length of the efferent ductulesand ductus epididymidis and the volume of the epididymal fluid in the tubules were also estimated. Results: The totalnumber of the late spermatids per testis was 2902 ±749 (million, x ±s) in the monkey, or 179 ±31 in the rat; thenumber of spermatozoa per epididymis was 3235 ±1835 in the monkey, or 241±76 in the rat. Conclusion: A largenumber of spermatozoa was densely packed and stored in the ductus epididymidis; the epididymal transit time for sper-matozoa was around 5 days in monkeys or 11 days in rats.

关键词： epididymis spermatids spermatozoa stereology testis

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精子细胞发育过程中高尔基体的超微结构变化

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生殖与避孕 1983年第2期 21-24页

作者：汤雪明上海第二医学院

本实验用电镜观察大鼠睾丸不同发育阶段精子细胞高尔基体的超微结构。结果表明,在精子细胞发育过程中,高尔基体经历一系列的超微结构变化。GERL 只存在于高尔基期和顶帽期精子细胞的高尔基体中,其主要功能是参与形成顶体系统和多泡体;... 详细信息

本实验用电镜观察大鼠睾丸不同发育阶段精子细胞高尔基体的超微结构。结果表明,在精子细胞发育过程中,高尔基体经历一系列的超微结构变化。GERL 只存在于高尔基期和顶帽期精子细胞的高尔基体中,其主要功能是参与形成顶体系统和多泡体;顶体期精子细胞高尔基体的GERL 退化,但高尔基体可能仍具有一定功能;成熟期精子细胞中,高尔基体逐层退化,最后消失。

关键词： Golgi apparatus spermatids ultrastructure

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Colloid Centrifugation of Semen: Applications in Assisted Reproduction

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2016年第8期7卷 597-610页

作者： Jane M. Morrell Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez Division of Reproduction Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden Division of Clinical Sciences/O&G Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Linkoping University Linkoping Sweden

Colloid centrifugation can be used to separate heterogeneous populations of cells particularly semen samples, which typically contain mixtures of spermatozoa at different stage of maturity together with dead and dying spermatozoa and also non-sperm cells. Colloids can be used to enrich the population of spermatozoa that are viable and functional;these are the spermatozoa that are needed for fertilization in Assisted Reproduction. Sperm samples obtained after colloid centrifugation may be enriched for motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa with intact chromatin. Insemination of mares with stallion sperm samples prepared by colloid centrifugation resulted in a higher pregnancy rate per cycle than controls, confirming that the good sperm attributes observed in the laboratory were indicative of functional spermatozoa. The method does not simply enrich for viable spermatozoa by inhibiting dead or dying spermatozoa from passing through the colloid since emerging evidence shows that colloid centrifugation can select for spermatozoa with certain properties such as metabolic activity. Other reproductive cells, such as spermatids or progenitor cells, may also be purified by colloid centrifugation. This review describes the history of colloid centrifugation for selecting spermatozoa, compares colloid centrifugation with alternative techniques, and finally describes some of the applications of the technique within the animal breeding industry.

关键词： Animal Spermatozoa Purification Enrichment Selection spermatids

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