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Rapid generation advance(RGA) in chickpea to produce up to seven generations per year and enable speed breeding

The Crop Journal 2020年第1期8卷 164-169页

作者： Srinivasan Samineni Madhuparni Sen Sobhan BSajja Pooran MGaura International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT) PatancheruTelangana 502324India The UWA Institute of Agriculture University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

This study was aimed at developing a protocol for increasing the number of generation cycles per year in chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.).Six accessions,two each from early(JG 11 and JG 14),medium(ICCV 10 and JG 16),and late(CDC-Frontier and C 235)maturity groups,were *** experiment was conducted for two years under glasshouse *** photoperiod was extended to induce early flowering and immature seeds were germinated to further reduce generation cycle *** to control,artificial light caused a reduction in flowering time by respectively 8–19,7–16,and 11–27 days in early-,medium-,and late-maturing *** earliest stage of immature seed able to germinate was 20–23 days after anthesis in accessions of different maturity *** time period between germination and the earliest stage of immature seed suitable for germination was considered one generation cycle and spanned respectively 43–60,44–64,and 52–79 days in early-,medium-,and late-maturing ***,the late-maturing accession CDCFrontier could not be advanced further after three generation cycles owing to the strong influence of photoperiod and *** mean total number of generations produced per year were respectively 7,6.2,and 6 in early-,medium-,and late-maturing *** results have encouraging implications for breeding programs:rapid progression toward homozygosity,development of mapping populations,and reduction in time,space and resources in cultivar development(speed breeding).

关键词： Photoperiod Immature seeds Flowering Rapid generation turnover speed breeding

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speed vernalization to accelerate generation advance in winter cereal crops

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Molecular Plant 2022年第8期15卷 1300-1309页

作者： Jin-Kyung Cha Kathryn O'Connor Samir Alahmad Jong-Hee Lee Eric Dinglasan Hyeonjin Park So-Myeong Lee Dominique Hirsz Soon-Wook Kwon Youngho Kwon Kyeong-Min Kim Jong-Min Ko Lee T.Hickey Dongjin Shin Laura E.Dixon National Institute of Crop Science RDAMiryang 50424Korea School of Biology Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLDAustralia Department of Plant Bioscience Pusan National UniversityMiryang 60463Korea

There are many challenges facing the development of high-yielding,nutritious crops for future *** limiting factor is generation time,which prolongs research and plant breeding *** advances in speed breeding protocols have dramatically reduced generation time for many short-day and long-day species by optimizing lightand temperature conditions during plant ***,winter crops with a vernalization requirement stillrequire upto 6-10weeks in low-temperature conditions before thetransition to ***,we tested a suite of environmental conditions and protocols to investigate whether the vernalization process can be *** identified a vernalization method consisting of exposing seeds at the soil surface to an extended photoperiod of 22 h day:2 h night at 10°C with transfer to speed breeding conditions that dramatically reduces generation time in both winter wheat(Triticum aestivum)and winter barley(Hordeum vulgare).Implementation of the speedvernalization protocolfollowed byspeedbreedingallowed the completion ofuptofivegenerations per yearforwinter wheat or barley,whereas only two generations can be typically completed under standard vernalization and plant growth *** speed vernalization protocol developed in this study has great potential to accelerate biological research and breeding outcomes for winter crops.

关键词： speed breeding photoperiod temperature wheat barley breeding

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Present and future prospects for wheat improvement through genome editing and advanced technologies

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Plant Communications 2021年第4期2卷 100-115页

作者： Shaoya Li Chen Zhang Jingying Li Lei Yan Ning Wang Lanqin Xia Institute of Crop Sciences(ICS) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China

Wheat(Triticum aestivum,2n=6x=42,AABBDD)is one of the most important staple food crops in the *** the fact that wheat production has significantly increased over the past decades,future wheat production will face unprecedented challenges from global climate change,increasing world population,and water shortages in arid and semi-arid ***,excessive applications of diverse fertilizers and pesticides are exacerbating environmental pollution and ecological *** ensure global food and ecosystem security,it is essential to enhance the resilience of wheat production while minimizing environmental pollution through the use of cutting-edge ***,the hexaploid genome and gene redundancy complicate advances in genetic research and precision gene modifications for wheat improvement,thus impeding the breeding of elite wheat *** this review,we first introduce state-of-the-art genome-editing technologies in crop plants,especially wheat,for both functional genomics and genetic *** then outline applications of other technologies,such as GWAS,high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping,speed breeding,and synthetic biology,in ***,we discuss existing challenges in wheat genome editing and future prospects for precision gene modifications using advanced genome-editing *** conclude that the combination of genome editing and other molecular breeding strategies will greatly facilitate genetic improvement ofwheat for sustainable global production.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas genome editing GWAS speed breeding wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

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