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Communication Between speech Production and perception Within the Brain--Observation and Simulation

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2006年第1期21卷 95-105页

作者：党建武赤木正人本多清志 Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa Japan ATR Human Information Science Laboratories Kyoto Japan

Realization of an intelligent human-machine interface requires us to investigate human mechanisms and learn from them. This study focuses on communication between speech production and perception within human brain and realizing it in an artificial system. A physiological research study based on electromyographic signals （Honda, 1996） suggested that speech communication in human brain might be based on a topological mapping between speech production and perception, according to an analogous topology between motor and sensory representations. Following this hypothesis, this study first investigated the topologies of the vowel system across the motor, kinematic, and acoustic spaces by means of a model simulation, and then examined the linkage between vowel production and perception in terms of a transformed auditory feedback （TAF） experiment. The model simulation indicated that there exists an invariant mapping from muscle activations （motor space） to articulations （kinematic space） via a coordinate consisting of force-dependent equilibrium positions, and the mapping from the motor space to kinematic space is unique. The motor-kinematic-acoustic deduction in the model simulation showed that the topologies were compatible from one space to another. In the TAF experiment, vowel production exhibited a compensatory response for a perturbation in the feedback sound. This implied that vowel production is controlled in reference to perception monitoring.

关键词： speech communication human mechanism speech production speech perception

Subclinical hearing loss associated with aging

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Journal of Otology 2023年第3期18卷 111-117页

作者： Cristian Aedo-Sanchez Jose Oliveros Constanza Aranguiz Camila Munoz Claudia Lazo-Maturana Enzo Aguilar-Vidal Departamento de Tecnología Médica Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileChile Escuela de Tecnología Médica Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileChile

Objective:Contribute to clarifying the existence of subclinical hearing deficits associated with aging.Design:In this work,we study and compare the auditory perceptual and electrophysiological performance of normal-hearing young and adult subjects(tonal audiometry,high-frequency tone threshold,a triplet of digits in noise,and click-evoked auditory brainstem response).Study sample:45 normal hearing volunteers were evaluated and divided into two groups according to age.27 subjects were included in the“young group”(mean 22.1 years),and 18 subjects(mean 42.22 years)were included in the“adult group.”Results:In the perceptual tests,the adult group presented significantly worse tonal thresholds in the high frequencies(12 and 16 kHz)and worse performance in the digit triplet tests in noise.In the electrophysiological test using the auditory brainstem response technique,the adult group presented significantly lower I and V wave amplitudes and higher V wave latencies at the supra-threshold level.At the threshold level,we observed a significantly higher latency in wave V in the adult group.In addition,in the partial correlation analysis,controlling for the hearing level,we observed a relationship(negative)between age and speech in noise performance and high-frequency thresholds.No significant association was observed between age and the auditory brainstem response.Conclusion:The results are compatible with subclinical hearing loss associated with aging.

关键词： Age-related hearing loss Cochlear synaptopathy Auditory electrophysiology speech perception Aging

Auditory neuropathy in a patient with hemochromatosis

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Journal of Otology 2016年第4期11卷 -页

作者： Gary Rance Donella Chisari The University of Melbourne

Objective: To evaluate the auditory function of an individual with genetically confirmed hemochromatosis.Methods: A 57 year old male with mildly impaired sound detection thresholds underwent a range of behavioural, electroacoustic and electrophysiologic assessments. These included the recording of otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses, measurement of monaural temporal resolution and evaluation of binaural speech processing. Findings for this patient were subsequently compared with those of 80 healthy controls with similar audiometric thresholds.Results: The patient showed the three cardinal features of auditory neuropathy, presenting with evidence of normal cochlear outer hair cell function, disrupted neural activity in the auditory nerve/brainstem and impaired temporal processing. His functional hearing ability(speech perception) was significantly affected and suggested a reduced capacity to use localization cues to segregate signals in the presence of background noise.Conclusion: We present the first case of an individual with hemochromatosis and auditory neuropathy. The findings for this patient highlight the need for careful evaluation of auditory function in individuals with the disorder.

关键词： Hemochromatosis Auditory neuropathy Temporal processing speech perception

Benefits of spatial hearing to speech recognition in young people with normal hearing

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第24期124卷 4269-4274页

作者： SONG Peng-long LI Hui-jun WANG Ning-yu Department oi Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University HarbinHeilongjiang 150010 China Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing Chao-Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing100020 China College of Otolaryngology Capita1 Medical University Beijing100069 China Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryMinistry of Education Beijing 100020 China

Background Many factors interfering with a listener attempting to grasp speech in noisy environments. The spatial hearing by which speech and noise can be spatially separated may play a crucial role in speech recognition in the presence of competing noise. This study aimed to assess whether, and to what degree, spatial hearing benefit speech recognition in young normal-hearing participants in both quiet and noisy environments. Methods Twenty-eight young participants were tested by Mandarin Hearing In Noise Test （MHINT） in quiet and noisy environments. The assessment method used was characterized by modifications of speech and noise configurations, as well as by changes of speech presentation mode. The benefit of spatial hearing was measured by speech recognition threshold （SRT） variation between speech condition 1 （SC1） and speech condition 2 （SC2）. Results There was no significant difference found in the SRT between SC1 and SC2 in quiet. SRT in SC1 was about 4.2 dB lower than that in SC2, both in speech-shaped and four-babble noise conditions. SRTs measured in both SC1 and SC2 were lower in the speech-shaped noise condition than in the four-babble noise condition. Conclusion Spatial hearing in young normal-hearing participants contribute to speech recognition in noisy environments, but provide no benefit to speech recognition in quiet environments, which may be due to the offset of auditory extrinsic redundancy against the lack of spatial hearing.

关键词： speech recognition spatial hearing speech recognition threshold speech perception

Excitation patterns and phonetic identities of Chinese vowels

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Science in China(Series F) 2009年第10期52卷 1936-1946页

作者： YU ShuiYuan Institute of Applied Linguistics Communication University of China Beijing 100024 China

After entering the peripheral auditory system, a sound undergoes many significant changes. The excitation pattern describes these changes psychoacoustically as inner expression. This study investigates the relations between excitation patterns and their phonetic qualities for Chinese steady-state vowels. First, the peak positions of the envelope of excitation patterns were measured on a database. The results demonstrated that each Chinese vowel has its own special position for the representative peak of the excitation pattern. Second, to examine the sufficiency of these results, a series of experiments that consisted of identification and evaluation tasks were conducted, in which spectral components of natural isolated vowels were manipulated to create certain excitation patterns. Subjects＇ responses of these stimuli show that the position of the representative peak of the excitation pattern of a vowel plays a crucial role on its phonetic identity. The results suggest that the phonetic identity of vowels is determined by the position of the representative peak of the excitation pattern evoked by it, and other peaks, if any, do not have phonetic meaning. Additionally, several phenomena about speech perception are discussed on the basis of this study.

关键词： excitation pattern speech perception phonetic quality steady-state vowel

Improved hearing in noise using new signal processing algorithms with the Cochlear^(TM) Nucleus~ 6 sound processor

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Journal of Otology 2015年第2期10卷 51-56页

作者： Jan Gilden Kristen Lewis Ginger Grant Jillian Crosson Houston Ear Research Foundation Midwest Ear Institute Cochlear Americas

Objective： To demonstrate the performance benefit of the Automatic Scene Classifier （SCAN） algorithm available in the Nucleus 6 （CP900 series） sound processor over the default processing algorithms of the previous generation Nucleus 5 （CP810） and Freedom HybridTM sound processors. Methods： Eighty-two cochlear implant recipients （40 Nucleus 5 processor users and 42 Freedom Hybrid processor users） listened to and repeated AzBio sentences in noise with their current processor and with the Nucleus 6 processor. Results： The SCAN algorithm when enabled yielded statistically significant non-inferior and superior performance when compared to the Nucleus 5 and Freedom Hybrid sound processors programmed with ASC ＋ ADRO. Conclusion： The results of these studies demonstrate the superior performance and clinical utility of the SCAN algorithm in the Nucleus 6 processor over the Nucleus 5 and Freedom Hybrid processors.

关键词： Cochlear implant speech perception Nucleus 6 Automatic scene classifier （SCAN） SmartSound iQ

FREQUENCY-DIFFERENTIATED BRAIN NETWORK DYNAMICS IN REAL WORDS AND PSEUDOWORDS perception

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中国语音学报 2020年第1期 114-122页

作者： Guo Taiyang ZHAO Bin ZHANG Gaoyan Dang Jianwu UNOKI Masashi Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa PrefectureJapan College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(JAIST) Tianjin University TianjinChina School of Information Science at JAIST

Brain mechanisms of lexical-semantic processing have been well researched using electroencephalography(EEG)technique with high temporal resolution.However,the detailed brain dynamics regarding spatial connectivity and the spectral characteristics remain to be clarified.For this reason,this study performed frequency-specific effective connectivity analysis for the EEG recordings during the processing of real and pseudowords.In addition,we introduced f MRI-based network templates into a representational similarity analysis to compare the functional differences between real and pseudowords in different frequency bands.Our results revealed that real words could rapidly activate the brain network for speech perception and complete its comprehension with efficiency,especially when the first syllable of the real word has clear categorical features.In contrast,the pseudowords were delayed in the initiation of speech perception and required a longer time span to retrieve its meaning.The frequency-specific analysis showed that the theta,alpha,and beta rhythms contribute more to semantic processing than the gamma oscillation.These results showed that semantic processing is frequency-specific and time-dependent on the word categories.

关键词： speech perception EEG Brain network Dynamic brain network Frequency specified brain network

Units of perception in Foreign Language Learning

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校园英语(教研版) 2012年第8期 67-68页

作者：李晓玲吕红梅河北体育学院外语系

This paper provides an attempted study of the speech perception,concentrating on acoustic phonetic aspects of the processes,which underline the capacity to identify the phonological structure of speech.

关键词： speech perception units of perception EFL

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婴儿对语音和非语音的感知：认知和神经机制

心理学