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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 2019年第3期29卷 244-248页

作者：钱林霞江玥婷林法财南京中医药大学第二临床医学院

Focusing on the effect Specificity of meridian points along the running course of meridian,by taking the treatment of post-stroke depression(PSD)with the acupoints of the governor vessel as an example,the correlation between meridian points and disease was explored.The specific regulatory effect of governor vessel,Baihui(百会GV20)and Shenting(神庭GV24)in physiology and pathology in PSD and the material basis of the Specificity effect were analyzed.Finally,the specific relationship between the acupoints of the governor vessel and PSD was explained.

关键词： Specificity of meridian points Post-stroke depression Governor vessel Baihui(百会GV20) Shenting(神庭GV24)

Weighted Youden index and its two-independent-sample comparison based on weighted sensitivity and Specificity

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第6期126卷 1150-1154页

作者： LI Dan-ling SHEN Frank YIN Yue PENG Jun-xiang CHEN Ping-yan Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China Shanghai Roche Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Roche ProductDevelopment in Asia Pacific Shanghai 201203 China

Background Most indices for evaluating a diagnostic test can be expressed as functions of sensitivity （SEN） and Specificity （SPE）. Practically, all existing methods suffer from the inability to weight sensitivity and Specificity relative to their importance. In this paper, we developed a novel index, the weighted Youden index, that allows Youden index to be a combination of sensitivity and Specificity with user-defined weights. Methods The weighted Youden index Jw is defined as Jw=2（wxSEN＋（1-w）SPE）-I （0 〈w 〈1）. It has three properties：（1） the sum of the weights which are attached to sensitivity and Specificity should be equal to 1; （2） the range of Jw should be within [-1, 1], which is the range of the Youden index J; （3） Jw should be equal to J when sensitivity and Specificity have equal weights. According to the central limit theorem, we obtain the standard error of Jw, and propose a statistical inference method to compare two weighted Youden indices. The monotonicity of the test statistic was discussed. Results An example of comparing two diagnostic tests for pheochromocytoma was used to demonstrate the weighted Youden index method. Weighted Youden index, the confidence interval for each test and the hypothesis test of comparing two independent diagnostic tests were presented. Assigning the weights is essential to the weighted Youden index approach. Conclusion The weighted Youden index can broaden further research in weighting sensitivity and Specificity exp ts applications in diagnostic test development and motivate icitly.

关键词： Youden index diagnostic tests weights sensitivity Specificity

Phylogenetic diversity and Specificity of bacteria associated with Microcystis aeruginosa and other cyanobacteria

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第11期21卷 1581-1590页

作者： SHI Limei CAI Yuanfeng YANG Hualin XING Peng LI Pengfu KONG Lingdong KONG Fanxiang State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanfing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanfing 210008 China

Interactions between bacteria and cyanobacteria have been suggested to have a potential to influence harmful algal bloom dynamics; however, little information on these interactions has been reported. In this study, the bacterial communities associated with five strains of Microcystis aeruginosa, three species of other Microcystis spp., and four representative species of non-Microcystis cyanobacteria were compared. Bacterial 16S rDNA fragments were amplified and separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） followed by DNA sequence analysis. The similarities among bacterial communities associated with these cyanobacteria were compared to the digitized DGGE profiles using the cluster analyses. The bacterial community structure of all cyanobacterial cultures differed. Cluster analysis showed that the similarity values among M. aeruginosa cultures were higher than those of other cyanobacterial cultures. Sequence analysis of DGGE fragments indicated the presence of bacteria including, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in the cyanobacterial cultures. Members of the Sphingomonadales were the prevalent group among the Microcystis-associated bacteria. The results provided further evidence for species-specific associations between cyanoabcteria and heterotrophic bacteria, which are useful for understanding interactions between Microcystis and their associated bacteria.

关键词： bacterial diversity Specificity Microcystis denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

Differential attraction of parasitoids in relation to Specificity of kairomones from herbivores and their by-products

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Insect Science 2008年第5期15卷 381-397页

作者： Sumera Afsheen Xia Wang Ran Li Chuan-Shu Zhu Yong-Gen Lou Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

Infochemicals are used by foraging parasitoids in the host selection process from habitat preference until host recognition. Kairomones from the herbivore host plays a vital role in the attraction of parasitoids, particularly in the micro-habitat. Parasitoids are specifically attracted to their respective herbivore species even when different herbivores are present on the same plant. Chemicals emitted from different stages of host （eggs, larvae, pupae, adult）, host by-products （e.g., frass, exuviae, mandibular gland secretions, defense secretions etc.）, or intra-specific infochemicals （pheromones） can be main signals for the parasitoids. Parasitoids can differentiate between host and non-host, between different hosts and host stages by perceiving specific volatile and contact kairomones from the host itself, host along with its by-product, by-products alone or intra-specific infochemicals; of which frass （by-product） and intra-specific infochemicals are the most reported ones. Adult and larval parasitoids have been reported to be attracted to kairomones of their target stage or byproduct of their host. Pupal parasitoids have been found to utilize kairomones from the preceding host stage while egg parasitoids are known to exploit a variety of host infochemicals, for example, either from eggs themselves or other non-target host stages, especially adults and adult-related by-products. The kairomonal chemicals identified so far include various groups, but mainly hydrocarbons. A high degree of host Specificity and host acceptance is important for the parasitoids as any mistake may result in the loss of fitness.

关键词： attraction herbivore host kairomone parasitoid Specificity

Sensitivity and Specificity of different staining methods to monitor apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in adherent cells

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Chinese Medical Journal 2003年第12期116卷 1923-1929页

作者：赵进顺 Alexandra Schmid-Kotsas Hans-Juergen Gross Adolf Gruenert Max G. Bachem Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry

Objective To study the sensitivity and Specificity of different staining methods to monitor apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in adherent cells.Methods Sensitivity and Specificity of several common methods for apoptosis determination were evaluated (Apo2.7-expression, Annexin V-binding, TUNEL-reaction, poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase-(PARP) cleavage and single-stranded-DNA (ssDNA) staining). Apoptosis was induced by oxidative stress generated by hydrogen peroxide in 3 cultured cells types growing as adherent monolayer (MiaPaCa-2, Hep-G2 and human skin fibroblasts), necrosis was induced by depletion of cellular ATP using sodium azide. Cells positively stained by the respective apoptosis assay were quantified and alterations of cell morphology were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. The date was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and significance test of correlation coefficient.Results One hour after apoptosis induction significant cell fractions were positively stained for ssDNA (33% with MiaPaCa-2 cells, 35% with Hep-G2 cells, 56% with human skin fibroblasts). PARP-cleavage was less sensitive compared to the ssDNA-staining. Apo2.7-expression, Annexin V-binding and TUNEL-reaction were not applicable to detect early apoptosis induced by oxidative stress (below 2 hours), but were efficiently monitoring late apoptosis. Specificity of ssDNA-staining was complete with each cell type even 4 hs after induction of necrosis by the highest sodium azide concentration. In contrast, the same experimental conditions resulted in 50%-90% positively stained necrotic cells by using Apo2.7-expression, TUNEL-reaction or AnnexinV-binding. Surprisingly, Specificity of PARP-cleavage was highly depending on the respective cell type.Conclusions Our study prove that among the five methods investigated only ssDNA-staining allowed to completely differentiate apoptosis from necrosis, and is thus suitable to reliably detect early as well as late apoptosis. Therefore, the ssDNA-staining may be used as reference method to clearly ide

关键词： apoptosis staining method sensitivity Specificity oxidative stress adherent cell

The Impact of NA Stalk Deletion on HA Receptor Binding Specificity of Avian H7N9 in China in 2013-14 and Avian H7N7 in Netherlands in 2003

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Computational Molecular Bioscience 2015年第1期5卷 1-6页

作者： Wei Hu Department of Computer Science Houghton College Houghton NY USA

A novel avian origin influenza H7N9 virus emerged in March 2013 in China and caused severe disease in humans. The high human death rate has caused public health concern and attracted global attention. The influenza viruses have two surface proteins: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), with HA facilitating viral entry into a host cell and NA helping new viral particles leave a host cell to infect more host cells. In a previous study published in May 2003, we applied computational analysis to the HA sequences of this new virus. Our findings suggested that the HA of this virus had avian type receptors as its primary binding and human types as secondary binding, which was verified by several subsequent wet lab experiments in later months of 2013. We also showed that the human H7N9 and avian H7N9 in China in 2013 shared the same HA receptor binding patterns. The NA protein of this new virus has a stalk deletion that is associated with virulence and host adaptation. In the present study, we wanted to understand the biological effects of this NA deletion on the HA receptor binding preference of this virus. However, the NA proteins of human H7N9 in China in 2013 all carry a stalk deletion so we lack the NA proteins with no stalk deletion as a control. In this study, we chose instead the NA proteins of avian H7N9 in China in 2013-14 and those of avian H7N7 in Netherlands in 2003 as some of them had a NA stalk deletion and some did not. We sought to employ a computational approach to revealing the impact of this NA stalk deletion on HA receptor binding preference of this virus. Our analysis implied that this deletion in the stalk region of NA enhanced the human receptor binding of avian H7N9 in China in 2013-14 and avian H7N7 in the Netherlands in 2003.

关键词： H7N9 H7N7 Influenza Receptor Binding Specificity Stalk Deletion

Mutations in Hemagglutinin of H5N1 Influenza That Switch Receptor Specificity from Avian to Human Types

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Computational Molecular Bioscience 2013年第2期3卷 32-37页

作者： Wei Hu Department of Computer Science Houghton College Houghton USA

Researchers have been searching for molecular features that could make avian H5N1 influenza transmissible among people since the first report of human infections with this virus in 1997. A recent study surprisingly demonstrated that only five mutations, fewer than previously estimated, are needed to make avian H5N1 influenza transmissible between ferrets through the air, raising fears that a human pandemic is possible if this virus escapes from the lab. Of the five mutations found, four of them are located in the HA gene that is responsible for the viral entry into the host cells. A crucial step for avian influenza to go across the species boundary to infect humans is the switch of its receptor binding Specificity from avian to human types. The first task of this study was to quantify the individual as well as the collective effect of the known HA mutations from the previous research on receptor binding selection. Our second task was to identify new combinations of HA mutations that could change the receptor binding preference of H5N1 from avian to human types. Our findings thus deepened our understanding of the previous research and also extended its results by discovering new combinations of mutations that could enhance the binding of avian H5N1 to human type receptors while reduce that to avian types.

关键词： Influenza H5N1 Mutation Receptor Binding Specificity HA Gene

A novel strategy to enhance Specificity of MT1-MMP-activatable fluorescent probe for tumor imaging

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A novel strategy to enhance specificity of MT1-MMP-activatab...

Sensitivity and Specificity of five malaria rapid diagnostic kits used in south-south region of Nigeria

第十届全国化学生物学学术会议

作者： Shuping Xie Xiuru Ji Huining He Lu Sun Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics （Theranostics） School of PharmacyTianjin Medical University

The overlapping substrate specificities within the family of MMP（Matrix Metalloproteinase） enzymes which were associated with tumorigenesis, adds the potential for a substrate to be cleaved by multiple enzymes within this family, this leads to a decreasing Specificity of MMP substrate-based probes. In this study, we reported a novel strategy to enhance Specificity of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase（MT1-MMP）-activatable fluorescent probe for tumor detection, with the combination of advanced MT1-MMP FRET（fluorescence resonance energy transfer） substrate and specific binding peptide. This probe was fabricated with a reported MT1-MMP specific binding peptide and a MMP peptide substrate via PEG linker. The Specificity of probe was enhanced by inducing the specific binding peptide, and keeping the ability of amplify output imaging signals in response to MMP activity with the FRET peptide substrate. Results indicated that the Specificity of probe was varied with the lengths of PEG linker, and optimally presented at an intermediate length（PEG chain with 12 subunits, PEG12）. To this regard, the presented activatable probe system deems to be an appealing platform to achieve selective tumor imaging.

关键词： MT1-MMP peptide substrate Specificity activatable fluorescent probe

来源： cnki会议评论

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2012年第4期2卷 70-75页

作者： Seto Aladenika Mirabeau Tatfeng Gilbert Nwobu Eguagie Osakue Alfred Ehiaghe Joy Imuetinya Ehiaghe Maureen Uchechukwu Okwu Augustina Isioma Ikusemoro Igbinedion University Okada Okada Nigeria Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital Okada Okada Nigeria Laho Medical Center Benin City Nigeria Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Nigeria

Sensitivity and Specificity of five commonly used rapid malaria test kits in South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria were analyzed, namely Plasmotest (Biotech International, Germany), Malariatest (Acon Diagnostic, USA), AcumPF (Acumen, China), PF test (Diaspot, Indonesia) and Malaria P.f. (Global, USA). A total of 200 positive malaria blood sample using microscopy as gold standard and 200 negative were obtained from adult and children. All the kits were tested against these gold standards as directed by the manufacturers. Of the 100 positive gold standard used from children sample, 96% sensitivity were recorded for Biotech, Acon and Global 97%, while Acumen and Diaspot had 99% and 98% respectively. The the highest Specificity was recorded with Biotech 99% both Acumen and Diaspot had 97% Specificity. In adult blood sample, there was general reduction in the sensitivity of the test kits. We obtained Sensitivity of 30% with Biotech, 46% with Acon, Global 73%, Diaspot 75%, and Acumen 78%. Considering the increasing influx of MRDT’s into the country, and from the result obtained from this study, there is need for control agensis to ensure that diagnostic test kits be reevaluated before introduction into Nigeria market.

关键词： Malaria Rapid Malaria Kit Sensitivity Specificity

Anomeric Specificity of D-glucose metabolism study in rat and human erythrocytes

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2012年第1期2卷 1-9页

作者： Willy J. Malaisse Laboratory of Experimental Hormonology Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium

The anomeric Specificity of D-glucose metabolism in erythrocytes has been since 1985 the matter of extensive investigations reported in about ten publications. The present report aims at providing an integrated review... 详细信息

关键词： D-Glucose Metabolism Anomeric Specificity Rat Erythrocytes Human Erythrocytes