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Uncovering the functional basis of mantids that resemble plants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 215-216页

作者： Wei Zhang David JLohman State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Biology Department City College of New YorkCity University of New YorkNew York 10031 USA PhD Program in Biology City University of New YorkNew York 10016 USA Entomology Section National Museum of Natural HistoryManila 1000Philippines

Convergent evolution frequently causes one species to look like another to increase its survival.This“adaptive resemblance”takes many forms:edible species mimic noxious ones to avoid predation;camouflaged patterns allow an organism to blend into its environment;and being mistaken for an inedible object allows a prey species to masquerade as a twig or dead leaf.Adaptive resemblance is relatively common in insects,which comprise around 60%of known species.

关键词： species functional mimic

Integrating high-volume molecular and morphological data into the evolutionary studies of Allium

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 1-2页

作者： Xing-Jin He Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanPR China

The genus Allium(Amaryllidaceae),which includes economically important plants such as onions,garlic,and leeks,is one of the most species-rich and diverse genera of monocotyledon plants in the Northern Hemisphere(Govaerts et al.,2021),with approximately 1000 species.The evolution of Allium is characterized by ecological diversification,with most species preferring open.

关键词： species evolutionary Allium

Poisonous Plants of the Karakalpak Part of the Ustyurt Plateau (Uzbekistan)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 83-94页

作者： Aymuratov Rapat Abduraimov Ozodbek Shomurodov Habibullo Abduraimov Azizbek Adilov Bekzod Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Natural Sciences of The Karakalpak Branch of The Academy of Sciences of The Republic of Uzbekistan Nukus Uzbekistan Institute of Botany Academy Science Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan Department of Medicinal Plants and Botany Faculty of Natural Science Gulistan State University Gulistan Uzbekistan

The article presents the composition and current state of poisonous plants distributed on the Ustyurt plateau. Ustyurt is one of the largest deserts in Central Asia, differing from other deserts of the world in geographical location, relief, flora and fauna and other features. The territory of Ustyurt occupies 21.3 million hectares, of which the Karakalpak part accounts for 7.2 million hectares. Poisonous alkaloid-bearing plants of the Karakalpak part of the Ustyurt plateau Anabasis aphylla, Atriplex flabellum, Kalidium capsicum, Salsola arbusculaeformis, Salsola foliosa, Aellenia subaphylla, Anabasis brachiata, Rheum tataricum, Capparis spinosa, Glycyrrhiza aspera. Alkaloid-bearing plants that are not eaten or poorly eaten by cattle Ephedra distachya, Delphinium songaricum, Anabasis salsa, alkaloid-bearing plants eaten by animals without harm Carex physodes, Eremopyrum orientale, Agrophyllum repens, Astragalus amodendron, Astragalus villosissimus, species of the genera Calligonum, Salsola. Poisonous plants of the Karakalpak part of the Ustyurt plateau. An analysis of the pasture flora of the Karakalpak part of the Ustyurt plateau shows that 62 species of wild poisonous plants belonging to 49 genera and 19 families grow here. Although these plants are considered poisonous, but in modern pharmaceutics and medicine, they are used as medicinal.

关键词： Ustyurt Plateau species Poisonous Desert Climate Change

A direct,sensitive and high-throughput genus and species-specific molecular assay for large-scale malaria screening

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第2期11卷 11-22页

作者： Yaling Zhao Ye Zhao Yu Sun Lihua Fan Duoquan Wang Heng Wang Xiaodong Sun Zhi Zheng Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Yunnan Center for Malaria ResearchInstitute of Vector and Pathogen BiologyDali UniversityPuerYunnanChina National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Center for MalariaSchistosomiasisand FilariasisKey Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina Blood Transfusion Department Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina

Background:Infectious disease diagnostics often requires sensitive molecular assays that identify at both genus and species levels.For large scale screening,such as malaria screening for elimination,diagnostic assay can be a challenge,as both the throughput and cost of the assay must be considered.The requirement of nucleic acid extraction hampers the throughput of most molecular assays.Co-amplification of multiple species or multiplex identification either can result in missed diagnosis or are too costly for large-scale screening.A genus-and species-specific diagnostic assay with simplified procedure,high sensitivity and throughput is still needed.This study aimed to develop a sensitive and high-throughput approach for large-scale infectious disease screening.Methods:We developed multi-section Capture and Ligation Probe PCR(mCLIP-PCR)for the direct detection of RNA without extraction and reverse transcription.Multiple tailed sandwich hybridization probes were used to bind at genus-and species-specific sections of the target RNA to cooperatively capture the target onto a 96-well plate.After enzymatic ligation of the bound probes,a single-stranded DNA formed at each section with distinct tail sequence at the ends.They were separately PCR-amplified with primers corresponding to tail sequences for genus or species identification.We applied the method to the active screening ofPlasmodium infections of 4,580 asymptomatic dried blood spot samples collected in malaria endemic areas and compared the results with standard qPCR using linear regression.Results:With multi-section cooperative capture but separate amplification strategy,we accurately identified genusPlasmodium and speciesP.falciparum andP.vivax without RNA extraction,with favorable sensitivities among the published reports.In the active screening,our method identified all 53 positive infections including two mixed infections,and twoP.vivax infections that were missed by standard qPCR.Conclusions:mCLIP-PCR provides a sensitive and high-throughput approach to la

关键词： Infectious disease Malaria Molecular screening CLIP-PCR Genus species High-throughput

Taxonomic revision of genus Rohanixalus(Anura:Rhacophoridae)in China with description of one new species

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Zoological Research 2023年第6期44卷 1146-1151页

作者： Xiao-Long Liu Jun-Kai Huang Bryan L.Stuart Ren-Da Ai Justin M.Bernstein Chatmongkon Suwannapoom Siriwadee Chomdej Jing Che Zhi-Yong Yuan Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China(Chongqing)Science City Biological Science Research CenterSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development(Ministry of Education) School of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilinGuangxi 541004China North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh NC 27601USA Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan Southwest Forestry UniversityKunmingYunnan 650224China Center for Genomics University of KansasLawrenceKansas 66044USA Division of Fishery School of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of PhayaoPhayao 56000Thailand Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong MountainKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinNay Pyi Taw 05282Myanmar

DEAR EDITOR,Based upon morphological and molecular evidence,the authors revised the genus Rohanixalus Biju,Garg,Gokulakrishnan,Chandrakasan,Thammachoti,Ren,Gopika,Bisht,Hamidy and Shouche,2020(Anura:Rhacophoridae)in China through describing one new species,adding one species to the fauna(R.shyamrupus)and supplementing data on one species(Rohanixalus hansenae;Supplementary Materials).

关键词： Anura species Taxonomic

Twenty new spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) from Late Cretaceous Kachin amber (Myanmar)

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Zoological Systematics 2022年第1期47卷 1-65页

作者： Yafei Xin Tongyao Jiang Zhiyuan Yao Shuqiang Li College of Life Science Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110034LiaoningChina Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinNay Pyi Taw 05282Myanmar

Twenty new species of extinct spiders belonging to 10 genera in five families from Late Cretaceous Kachin amber are reported.One new genus,Triangulum Jiang&Li,gen.nov.,of the family Theridiidae Sundevall,1833 was established with T.thutai Jiang&Li,sp.***.as the type species.The remaining 19 new species are:Retrooecobius lwini Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,Zamilia arkari Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,Z.sheini Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,Z.shwayi Jiang&Li,sp.***.from Oecobiidae Blackwall,1862;Furcembolus inzaliae Jiang&Li,sp.***.from Pacullidae Simon,1894;Priscaleclercera chimei Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,P.foshou Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,P.hlaingi Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,P.kani Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,P.kyawae Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,P.thanae Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,P.thaungi Jiang&Li,sp.***.from Psilodercidae Machado,1951;Bicornoculus aungi Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,B.wunnai Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,B.yarzari Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,Cymbioblemma ohnmari Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,Palpalpaculla phyui Jiang&Li,sp.***.from Tetrablemmidae O.Pickard-Cambridge,1873;Burmatheridon cetani Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,Cretotheridion champoi Jiang&Li,sp.nov.,from Theridiidae.All species are described based on males.All types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IZCAS)in Beijing,China.

关键词： Diagnosis distribution etymology taxonomy type species

species longevity in North American fossil mammals

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第4期9卷 383-393页

作者： Donald R.PROTHERO Department of Vertebrate Paleontology Natural History Museum of Los Angeles CountyLos AngelesCAUSA

species longevity in the fossil record is related to many paleoecological variables and is important to macroevolutionary studies,yet there are very few reliable data on average species durations in Cenozoic fossil mammals.Many of the online databases(such as the Paleobiology Database)use only genera of North American Cenozoic mammals and there are severe problems because key groups(e.***.camels,oreodonts,pronghorns and proboscideans)have no reliable updated taxonomy,with many invalid genera and species and/or many undescribed genera and species.Most of the published datasets yield species duration estimates of approximately 2.3-4.3 Myr for larger mammals,with small mammals tending to have shorter species durations.My own compilation of all the valid species durations in families with updated taxonomy(39 families,containing 431 genera and 998 species,averaging 2.3 species per genus)yields a mean duration of 3.21 Myr for larger mammals.This breaks down to 4.10-4.39 Myr for artiodactyls,3.14-3.31 Myr for perissodactyls and 2.63-2.95 Myr for carnivorous mammals(carnivorans plus creodonts).These averages are based on a much larger,more robust dataset than most previous estimates,so they should be more reliable for any studies that need species longevity to be accurately estimated.

关键词： Cenozoic genus mammals North America species

species diversity in restoration plantings: Important factors for increasing the diversity of threatened tree species in the restoration of the Araucaria forest ecosystem

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 84-93页

作者： Taylor E.Shaw School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park

The Araucaria forest ecosystem in southern Brazil is highly threatened: less than one percent of the original forest remains, and what is left is a fragmented agro-mosaic of mostly early-to-late secondary forest patches among high-yield agriculture and timber monocultures. Forest restoration initiatives in this region aim to restore degraded areas, however the limited number of species used in restoration projects represents a missed opportunity for species-rich plantings. High diversity plantings represent a larger number of functional groups and provide a targeted conservation strategy for the high number of threatened species within this ecosystem. This study interviewed nurseries(Ns) and restoration practitioners(RPs) in Parana and Santa Catarina states to identify what species are being cultivated and planted, and what factors are driving the species selection process. An average of 20 species were reportedly used in restoration plantings, most of which are common, widespread species. Baseline data confirms that Ns and RPs have disproportionately low occurrences of threatened species in their inventories and plantings, supporting findings from previous research. Questionnaire responses reveal that opportunities for seed acquisition are an extremely important factor in order for nurseries to increase their diversity of cultivated species. Results also suggest that facilitating speciesrich plantings for restoration practitioners would only be feasible if it did not increase the time required to complete planting projects, as it would minimize their ability to keep costs low. This study proposes solutions for increasing the number of species used in restoration practicedsuch as developing a comprehensive species list, fostering knowledge-sharing between actors, creating seed sharing programs, and increasing coordination of planting projects. Long-term strategies involve complimenting traditional ex situ approaches with emerging inter-situ and quasi in situ conservation strategies which simultaneously provide lo

关键词： Restoration Araucaria forest Threatened species Nurseries Restoration practitioners Decision-making

Predicted no-effect concentrations for mercury species and ecological risk assessment for mercury pollution in aquatic environment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第2期27卷 74-80页

作者： Meng Du Dongbin Wei Zhuowei Tan Aiwu Lin Yuguo Du State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Water Quality Monitoring Center of Beijing Waterworks Group Company Limited

Mercury（Hg） exists in different chemical forms presenting varied toxic potentials. It is necessary to explore an ecological risk assessment method for different mercury species in aquatic environment. The predicted no-effect concentrations（PNECs） for Hg（Ⅱ） and methyl mercury（Me Hg） in the aqueous phase, calculated using the species sensitivity distribution method and the assessment factor method, were 0.39 and 6.5 × 10-3μg/L, respectively. The partition theory of Hg between sediment and aqueous phases was considered, along with PNECs for the aqueous phase to conduct an ecological risk assessment for Hg in the sediment phase. Two case studies, one in China and one in the Western Black Sea, were conducted using these PNECs. The toxicity of mercury is heavily dependent on their forms,and their potential ecological risk should be respectively evaluated on the basis of mercury species.

关键词： Mercury species Predicted no-effect concentration Ecological risk assessment