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Adaptation to a novel host and performance trade-off in host-generalist and host-specific insect ectoparasites

Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 567-580页

作者： Irina S.Khokhlova Luther van der Mescht Elizabeth M.Warburton Nadezhda A.Stavtseva Boris R.Krasnov Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of DrylandsJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusMidreshet Ben-GurionIsrael Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy ResearchJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusMidreshet Ben-GurionIsrael Clinvet International Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases Odum School of EcologyUniversity of Georgia

We investigated the performance trade-offs of fleas(Siphonaptera)while adapting to a novel host using two host generalists(Xenopsylla conformis and Xenopsylla ramesis)and one host specialist(Parapulex chephrenis)maintained on their principal hosts(Meriones crassus for Xenopsylla and Acomys cahirinus for P.chephrenis).We asked whether,over generations,(i)a host generalist may become a specialist by evolving the ability to exploit a novel host and losing the ability to exploit an original host and(ii)a host specialist can become a generalist by evolving the ability to exploit a novel host without losing the ability to exploit an original host.We established an experimental line of each species on a novel host(Acomys russatus for Xenopsylla and M.crassus for P.chephrenis)and maintained this line on this host during 23 generations.We compared reproductive performance of progenitors of each line and their descendants when they exploited either original or novel host in terms of egg number and size,hatching success,offspring production,and offspring size.We found changes in performance over generations in female offspring size only.Xenopsylla conformis demonstrated a tendency to become a host specialist(increased performance on the novel host with a concomitant decreased performance on the original host),whereas P.chephrenis demonstrated a tendency to become a host generalist(increased performance on the novel host without a concomitant decreased performance on the original host).We conclude that the probability of generalist to specialist transition,and vice versa,is context-dependent and varies between species.

关键词： experimental evolution fleas generalist performance rodents specialist

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Wu Tang, specialist of warm-pathogen disease

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2020年第4期7卷 335-336页

作者： Yinghua Huang Yongxuan Liang Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing100029China

Wu Tang(style name Wu Peihang and courtesy name Wu Jutong,1758e1836)was from Huiyin,Jiangsu Province.Popularly known as Wu Jutong,he was a celebrated specialist of warmpathogen disease of the Qing Dynasty and the author of The Detailed Analysis of Warm-Pathogen Disease(Wen Bing Tiao Bian),Wu Jutong's Case Records(Wu Ju Tong Yi An)and Rectify Errors in Medical Practice(Yi Yi Bing Shu).

关键词： Popular Province. specialist

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Day of Surgery Cancellation in Urology at a Public Tertiary Hospital and a Private specialist Hospital

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Open Journal of Urology 2017年第1期7卷 22-29页

作者： Mathew Yamoah Kyei James Edward Mensah Lemuel Davies Bray Foli Ashiagbor Joseph Awuku-Asabre Bernard Toboh Department of Surgery and Urology School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Background: There is a high variability in the reasons for cancellation of elective urological surgery cases. Case cancellation rate is expected to be high in the Public Health System with perceived inefficiencies compared to private facilities in the same developing economy. Aims and Objectives: This comparative analysis was to determine the case cancellation rate and the reasons for cancellation of elective urological surgeries in a public tertiary hospital and a private specialist hospital in Accra. This is intended to form a basis for interventions aimed at reducing the case cancellation rate. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on Day of Surgery cancelled elective urological cases from September 2014 to October 2015 at the urology unit of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), a public Tertiary Hospital and the Trust specialist Hospital (TSH), a privately managed hospital in Accra. The reasons for case cancellation were categorized into structural factors, patient factors and process factors. Results: There was no significant difference between the case cancellation rate for elective urological cases at KBTH and the TSH which were 20.8% and 17.1% respectively (p = 0.317). For KBTH, the reasons for cancellation of elective urological cases were due to structural factors in 11/117 (9.4%), patient factors in 15/117 (12.8%) and process factors in 91/117 (77.8%) which was due mainly to surgery running late. At the TSH, the reasons were due to structural factors in 1/29 (3.4%), patient factors in 27/29 (93.1%) mainly due to patient not turning up and process factors in 1/29 (3.4%). Conclusion: The case cancellation rate of elective urological surgeries in both the Public Tertiary Hospital and the Private specialist Hospital were high with no significant difference between the two. However, in the Public Tertiary Hospital, process factors predominated as the cause of these cancellations while patient factors were the predominant cause in the privately managed facility. Exposur

关键词： Elective Urological Surgery Case Cancellation Public Tertiary Hospital Private specialist Hospital

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Some Full Blood Count Parameters among Hypertensive Patients Attending specialist Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2019年第4期9卷 77-91页

作者： Osaro Erhabor Abdullahi Shehu Tosan Erhabor Teddy Charles Adias Ikechukwu Polycarp Iwueke Department of Haematology School of Medical Laboratory Science Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Sokoto Nigeria Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria Abuja Nigeria Federal University Otuoke Otuoke Nigeria Pathology Department Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

Hypertension (HTN) is a major health problem worldwide. It can lead to cardiovascular disease and functional disturbances including haematological parameters. Full blood count (FBC) parameters of a total of 60 consecutively-recruited hypertensive subjects and 30 age-matched non-hypertensive controls were studied between June and September, 2018. Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) anticoagulated blood and serum from subjects and control participants were analyzed for FBC. The total white cell count (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV) haemoglobin (Hb), neutrophils and eosinophils were significantly lower among hypertensive subjects compared to non-hypertensive controls (p 40-year-old compared to those <40 years of age (p = 0.02 and 0.01) respectively. The RBC count was significantly higher among female compared to male hypertensives (p = 0.05). The haemoglobin and monocyte count were significantly higher among male compared to female hypertensives (p = 0.02 and 0.04) respectively. The monocyte count was significantly higher among hypertensive subjects of Hausa ethnic group compared to Fulani (t = 2.79, p < 0.01). The findings from this study indicates that the WBC, PCV, Hb, neutrophils and eosinophils were significantly lower among hypertensive subjects compared to non-hypertensive controls. Stage of the disease, age, gender and ethnicity had a significant effect on the FBC parameters of the hypertensive patients. There is need to step up public enlightenment programme to educate hypertensive patients on the need for attending clinic regularly for effective follow up. It is recommended that facilities for the routine monitoring of FBC parameters among hypertensive in the area be provided.

关键词： Full Blood Count Hypertension specialist Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

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Construction of the First Certification Evaluation Index System for Diabetes specialist Nurses by Delphi Method

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020年第5期11卷 242-251页

作者： Haihua Zou Xue Gong Siyun Wang Weiju Chen Nursing Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Guangzhou China Nursing School Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Mianyang China

Objective: To establish an evaluation index system for the first-time certification of diabetes specialist nurses in line with the clinical nursing practice in China, and to provide a reference basis for government administrations and hospitals to formulate unified standards. Methods: After the research team has determined the theme, it will consult the development of A) specialist nursing through the library, Internet and electronic literature database;B) the history of the development of specialist nurses in diabetes and other fields;C) the selection criteria of specialist nurses;D) the training of specialist nurses system, assessment method;E) specialist nurse certification body, evaluation standards and certification standards and other related documents, literature, books and report materials. The author established the preliminary index system through literature review, specialist interview and group discussion and used Delphi method to organize three rounds of 30 experts’ consultations. Results: A first certification evaluation index system including 8 fundamental indicators, 5 first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators and 99 third-level indicators was constructed for diabetes nurses. Conclusion: The results of three rounds of expert consultation and demonstration are reliable, and the constructed index system is suitable for comprehensive evaluation of diabetes specialist nurses, which provides a basis for the effective management of nursing resources.

关键词： Diabetic specialist Nurses First Certification Evaluation Index Delphi Method

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A Study of CATTI Teaching Participation in Translation specialist Cultivation of English Majors in China

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2019年第2期9卷 226-231页

作者： ZHANG Ying-xian South China Business College Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangzhouChina

China Accreditation Test for Translators and Interpreters(CATTI)is the most authoritative accreditation for translation and interpretation qualification in China.It is an important task to improve English majors’translating and interpreting ability in specialist cultivation.By applying CATTI level 3 to translation course teaching for English majors,this paper aims to explore CATTI participation in teaching practice from the perspective of teaching contents,teaching forms,and teaching methods so as to realize close integration between CATTI and cultivation of English majors in translation for training more qualified translators and interpreters.

关键词： CATTI teaching participation translation specialist cultivation English translation training of English majors

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Emotional Support and Well-Being of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD): Contributions of a specialist Nursing Service

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第12期5卷 1133-1141页

作者： Richard Hatchett Susan McLaren Fiona Kennedy Former Deputy Head of School The Royal Marsden School The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust London UK Former Emeritus Professor Faculty of Health and Social Care London South Bank University London UK Adults with Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) Nurse specialist Barts Healthcare NHS Trust London UK

Living with a congenital heart condition can require a daunting and uncertain patient journey during which the support of a specialist nursing service is vital. A descriptive, cross-sectional evaluation completed over two years, utilised a postal questionnaire to investigate patient’s satisfaction with aspects of service. Qualitative responses to open questions on satisfaction with emotional support (n = 103) and contributions to well-being (n = 90) were analysed using a framework approach which identified eight themes. Professional knowledge and expertise, service accessibility, caring attributes, enabling patients to cope with anxiety, depression and meeting changing needs contributed positively to both patient well-being and emotional support. Family support was influential on emotional support alone, whilst mediating medical liaison exerted an impact on well-being by enhancing feelings of security. In conclusion, the specialist nursing service contributed positively to well-being and emotional support of patients and thereby to selective aspects of continuity of care.

关键词： Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD)# specialist Nurses Emotional Support Well-Being Patient Evaluation

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Sensor specialist becomes employee owned

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China Textile 2022年第6期 42-42页

BTMA member Dent Instrumentation–a specialist in contactless yarn sensors–has become an employee-owned business following the formation of a new Employee Ownership Trust(EOT).The company,based in Colne,Lancashire,has been family owned since its founder Geoffrey Dent secured a patent for the very first contactless yarn sensor in the 1960s.It has been successfully run by his son Andrew and the family for many years.

关键词： owned yarn specialist

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Gastroenterology training in a resource-limited setting: Zambia, Southern Africa

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第25期19卷 3996-4000页

作者： Akwi W Asombang Eleanor Turner-Moss Anil Seetharam Paul Kelly Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis Barts and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London Banner Health Liver Center

AIM: To evaluate need for and efficacy of a structured gastroenterology didactic session in expanding awareness and understanding of digestive disorders. METHODS: A four-day symposium was developed with didactic sessions (days 1, 2) and practical endoscopy (days 3, 4). Didactic sessions included case presentations highlighting pathophysiology and management. One nurse and four practicing gastroenterologists from the United Kingdom led lectures and supervised work-shops with audience participation. Practical endoscopy focused on diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and their application to diagnosis and treatment of ailments of the gastrointestinal tract. Preand post-workshop questionnaires were distributed to participants during didactic sessions. A pre-workshop questionnaire gauged expectations and identified objectives to be met at thesymposium. Post-workshop questionnaires were administered to assess efficacy of each session. Participants graded sessions from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent) on quality of case presentations, knowledge, clarity and mode of presentation. We assessed if time allotted to each topic was sufficient, value of sessions, impact on practice and interest in future symposiums. RESULTS: There were 46 attendees on day 1: 41% undergraduates, 41% residents, 11% consultants and 4% unspecified. Day 2 (a Saturday) had 24 participants: 17% undergraduates, 71% residents, 9% consultants, 4% unspecified. Primary pre-workshop symposium expectation was to gain knowledge in: general gastroenterology (55.5%), practical endoscopy (13.8%), pediatric gastroenterology (5%), epidemiology of gastrointestinal disorders specific to Zambia (6%), and interaction with international speakers (6%). The post-symposium questionnaire was answered by 19 participants, of whom 95% felt specific aims were met; all would attend future conferences and recommend to others. CONCLUSION: The beneficial effect of a structured symposium in developing countries warrants further attention as a mechanism to improve disease awareness in are

关键词： Gastroenterology training Resource-limited country Zambia specialist training Postgraduate training Hepatology

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Addiction specialist's role in liver transplantation procedures for alcoholic liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第17期7卷 2091-2099页

作者： Geert Dom Hendrik Peuskens Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute Antwerp University Psychiatry Department University of Leuven

Although liver transplantation(LT) is performed increasingly for patients with end-stage alcoholic liver disease(ALD), the topic remains controversial. Traditionally, the role of an addiction specialist focused on the screening and identification of patients with a high risk on relapse in heavy alcohol use. These patients were in many cases subsequently excluded from a further LT procedure.Recently, awareness is growing that not only screening of patients but also offering treatment, helping patients regain and maintain abstinence is essential, opening up a broader role for the addiction specialist(team)within the whole of the transplant procedure. Within this context, high-risk assessment is proposed to be an indication of increasing addiction treatment intensity,instead of being an exclusion criterion. In this review we present an overview regarding the state of the art on alcohol relapse assessment and treatment in patients with alcohol use disorders, both with and without ALD.Screening, treatment and monitoring is suggested as central roles for the addiction specialist(team) integrated within transplant centers.

关键词： Liver transplantation Alcohol use disorder Alcoholic liver disease Relapse Addiction specialist

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