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Comprehensive study on the Spatial distribution of heavy metals and their environmental risks in high-sulfur coal gangue dumps in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 486-497页

作者： Yingbo Dong Huan Lu Hai Lin School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants Beijing 100083China

The accumulation of coal gangue(CG)from coal mining is an important source of heavy metals(HMs)in soil.Its Spatial distribution and environment risk assessment are extremely important for the management and remediation of HMs.Eighty soil samples were collected from the high-sulfur CG site in northern China and analyzed for six HMs.The results showed that the soil was heavily contaminated by Mn,Cr and Ni based on the Nemerow index,and posed seriously ecological risk depended on the geo-accumulation index,potential ecological risk index and risk assessment code.The semi-variogram model and ordinary kriging interpolation accurately portrayed the Spatial distribution of HMs.Fe,Mn,and Cr were distributed by band diffusion,Ni was distributed by core,the distribution of Cu had obvious patchiness and Zn was more uniform.The spatial autocorrelation indicated that all HMs had strong spatial heterogeneity.The BCR sequential extraction was employed to qualify the geochemical fractions of HMs.The data indicated that Fe and Cr were dominated by residual fraction;Cu,Ni and Zn were dominated by reducible and oxidizable fractions;Mn was dominated by reducible and acid-extractable(25.38%-44.67%)fractions.Pearson correlation analysis showed that pH was the main control factor affecting the non-residue fractions of HMs.Therefore,acid production from high sulfur CG reduced soil pH by 2-3,which indirectly promoted the activity of HMs.Finally,the conceptual model of HMs contamination at the CG site was proposed,which can be useful for the development of ecological remediation strategies.

关键词： High-sulfur coal gangue Soil contamination Heavy metals Spatial distribution Geochemical fractions Risk assessment

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Atmospheric VOCs in an industrial coking facility and the surrounding area:Characteristics,Spatial distribution and source apportionment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 660-670页

作者： Meicheng Wen Weiqiang Deng Jin Huang Shu Zhang Qinhao Lin ChaoWang Shengtao Ma Wanjun Wang Xin Zhang Guiying Li Taicheng An Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk ControlInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution controlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution ControlSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Industrial coking facilities are an important emission source for volatile organic compounds(VOCs).This study analyzed the atmospheric VOC characteristics within an industrial coking facility and its surrounding environment.Average concentrations of total VOCs(TVOCs)in the surrounding residential activity areas(R1 and R2),the coking facility(CF)and the control area(CA)were determined to be 138.5,47.8,550.0,and 15.0μg/m^(3),respectively.The cold drum process and coking and quenching areas within the coking facility were identified as the main polluting processes.The spatial variation in VOCs composition was analyzed,showing that VOCs in the coking facility and surrounding areas were mainly dominated by aromatic compounds such as BTX(benzene,toluene,and xylenes)and naphthalene,with concentrations being negatively correlated with the distance from the coking facility(pspatial variation in exposure to VOCs,providing important information for the influence of VOCs concentration posed by coking facility to surrounding residents and the development of strategies for VOC abatement.

关键词： Coking facility Volatile organic compounds Emission inventory Spatial distribution Source apportionment

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Developing a novel quantitative parameter for characterizing Spatial distribution of fish following exposure to chemicals and wastewater:Behavioral Gini coefficient

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 129-138页

作者： Xuanyue Chen Yuanyuan Li Zhanfen Qin State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

While the Spatial distribution pattern of fish is increasingly used for toxicological test o chemicals or wastewater,no ideal parameter is available for quantitative assessment of spa tial distribution,especially uneven distribution with multiple hotspots.Here,to develop a quantitative assessment parameter for Spatial distribution,the zebrafish were exposed to ethanol,pentylenetetrazole(PTZ),paraquat dichloride(paraquat)and wastewater,followed by a behavioral test in a narrow tank.Behavioral data was acquired and analyzed by id Tracker and MATLAB.By comparing the effects of all treatments on behavior parameters we confirmed that the Spatial distribution was more easily altered rather than general loco motor parameters,e.g.0.7-70 mg/L PTZ and 5-20 mg/L paraquat being effective for altering Spatial distribution but having little effects on general locomotor parameters.Based on the heatmap,i.e.,the cumulative proportion of grids and that of frequency in grids,we calcu lated the behavioral Gini coefficient(G_(b))for quantitative assessment of fish spatial distri bution.The Gini coefficient ranged from zero to 1,with larger values meaning poorer even ness of Spatial distribution.Of note,G_(b)showed smaller coefficient of variations(CV)with3%-19%between replicate tanks in all treatments than the highest frequency(4%-79%),dis playing well robustness.Especially,G_(b)addressed the challenge of the complicated heatmap with multiple hotspots.Overall,the behavioral Gini coefficient we established is an idea parameter to quantitatively assess Spatial distribution of fish shoal,which is expected to be applied in toxicity testing for chemicals and wastewater and automatic quality monitoring for surface water and aquaculture water.

关键词： Zebrafish Behavioral test Spatial distribution Behavioral Gini coefficient

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Atmospheric gaseous aromatic hydrocarbons in eastern China based on mobile measurements:Spatial distribution,secondary formation potential and source apportionment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第8期130卷 102-113页

作者： Lingling Yuan Hongli Wang Yaqin Gao Guofa Ren Yiqun Lu Shengao Jing Wen Tan Liang Zhu Yu Shang Jing An Cheng Huang Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China State of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai 200233China Tofwerk China Nanjing 210000China

Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(MAHs)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are both well known as hazardous air pollutants and also important anthropogenic precursors of tropospheric ozone(O3)and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,there have been intensive studies covering MAHs emission from various sources and their behavior under stimulated photochemical conditions.Yet in-situ measurements of PAHs presence and variations in ambient air are sparse.Herein we conducted large geometrical scale mobile measurements for 16 aromatic hydrocarbons(AHs,including 7 MAHs and 9 PAHs)in eastern China between October 27 and November 8,2019.This unique dataset has allowed for some insights in terms of AHs concentration variations,accompanying chemical composition,source contributions and Spatial distributions in eastern China.In general,AHs showed a clear concentration variability between the south and the north of the Yangtze River Delta(YRD).The concentrations of PAHs were approximately 9%of AHs,but contributed 23%of SOA formation potential.Source apportionment via positive matrix factorization(PMF)model revealed that industrial processes as the largest source(44%)of observed AHs,followed by solvent usage(21%),vehicle exhaust(19%),coal combustion(11%)and coking processes(6%).In the perspective of PAHs sources,coal combustion emissions were identified as the dominating factor of a share of 41%–52%in eastern China.Our findings complemented the simultaneously monitoring information of PAHs and MAHs in eastern China,revealed the importance of PAHs to SOA formation and highlighted the necessity of formulating strategies to reduce emissions from anthropogenic sources and reduce risks to human health.

关键词： Monocyclic/polycyclic aromatics Spatial distribution Source apportionment Eastern China Mobile measurements

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Exploration on electrical resistance tomography in characterizing the slurry Spatial distribution in cemented granular materials

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FRONTIERS OF STRUCTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2024年第3期18卷 365-379页

作者： Wang, Bohao Wang, Wei Jin, Feng Tan, Handong Liu, Ning Huang, Duruo Tsinghua Univ State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China China Three Gorges Corp Inst Sci & Technol Beijing 100038 Peoples R China China Univ Geosci Sch Geophys & Informat Technol Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

This study investigated the application of electrical resistance tomography (ERT) in characterizing the slurry Spatial distribution in cemented granular materials (CGMs). For CGM formed by self-flow grouting, the voids in the accumulation are only partially filled and the bond strength is often limited, which results in difficulty in obtaining in situ samples for quality evaluation. Therefore, it is usually infeasible to evaluate the grouting effect or monitor the slurry Spatial distribution by a mechanical method. In this research, the process of grouting cement paste into high alumina ceramic beads (HACB) accumulation is reliably monitored with ERT. It shows that ERT results can be used to calculate the cement paste volume in the HACB accumulation, based on calibrating the saturation exponent n in Archie's law. The results support the feasibility of ERT as an imaging tool in CGM characterization and may provide guidance for engineering applications in the future.

关键词： electrical resistance tomography cemented granular material grouting Spatial distribution Archie's law UNSATURATED MOISTURE FLOW EARLY HYDRATION RESISTIVITY CONCRETE STRENGTH IMPEDANCE DAMAGE PASTE

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Spatial distribution, environmental risks, and sources of potentially toxic elements in soils from a typical abandoned antimony smelting site

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 780-790页

作者： Shengguo Xue Ramon Korna Jiarong Fan Wenshun Ke Wei Lou Jinting Wang Feng Zhu School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Hunan Hikee Environmental Technology CO. Ltd.Changsha 410001China

The rapid development of the smelting industry increases the release of antimony(Sb)into the soil environment,which threatens human health and ecosystems.A total of 87 samples were collected from an abandoned Sb smelting site to evaluate pollution characteristics and environmental risks of the potentially toxic elements(PTEs).The contents of As,Cu,Ni,Pb,Sb,and Zn in the fresh soils determined by P-XRF were 131,120,60,145,240,and 154 mg/kg,respectively,whilst following drying,grinding,and sieving pretreatments,the corresponding contents increased to 367,179,145,295,479,and 276 mg/kg,respectively.There was a significant correlation between the data obtained by P-XRF and ICP-OES in the treated samples,which showed the application feasibility of P-XRF.The average contents of Sb and As were 440.6 and 411.6 mg/kg,respectively,which exceeded the control values of the development land in GB 36600-2018.The ecological risk levels of the six PTEs decreased in the following order:As>Sb>Pb>Zn>Ni>Cu.Non-carcinogenic risk revealed that As,Pb,and Sb posed health risks for children,whilst for carcinogenic risk,the risk values for As and Ni were higher than the limit values for both children and adults.Anthropogenic sources accounted for more than 70.0%of As,Pb,and Sb concentrations in soils,indicating a significant influence on PTEs accumulation.The findings provide a basis for quick determination of the contamination characteristics and risk control of PTEs at Sb smelting sites.

关键词： Sb smelting sites P-XRF Spatial distribution Environmental risks Sources apportionment

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Analysis of temporal and Spatial distribution characteristics of ammonium chloride smoke particles in confined spaces

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第7期18卷 1269-1280页

作者： Chen-youshi Xu Bing-ting Zha Jia-qian Bao He Zhang Hong-xia Li ZNDY of Ministerial Key Laboratory Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyJiangsuNanjing210094China

In response to the demand for short-range detection of anti-smoke environment interference by laser fuzes,this study proposes a smoke environment simulation of non-uniform continuous point source diffusion and investigates an experimental laboratory smoke environment using an ammonium chloride smoke agent.The particle size distribution,composition,and mass flow distribution of the smoke were studied.Based on a discrete phase model and a kεturbulence model,a numerical simulation was developed to model the smoke generation and diffusion processes of the smoke agent in a confined space.The temporal and Spatial distribution characteristics of the smoke mass concentration,velocity,and temperature in the space after smoke generation were analyzed,and the motion law governing the smoke diffusion throughout the entire space was summarized.Combined with the experimental verification of the smoke environment laboratory,the results showed that the smoke plume changed from fan-shaped to umbrella-shaped during smoke generation,and then continued to spread around.Meanwhile,the mass concentration of smoke in the space decreased from the middle outward;the changes in temperature and velocity were small and stable.In the diffusion stage(after 900 s),the mass concentration of smoke above 0.8 m was relatively uniform across an area of smoke that was 12 m thick.The concentration decreased over time,following a consistent decreasing trend,and the attenuation was negligible in a very short time.Therefore,this system was suitable for conducting experimental research on laser fuzes in a smoke environment.Owing to the stability of the equipment and facilities,the setup could reproduce the same experimental smoke environment by artificially controlling the smoke emission of the smoke agent.Overall,this work provides a theoretical reference for subsequent research efforts regarding the construction of uniform smoke environments and evaluating laser transmission characteristics in smoky environments.

关键词： Laser fuze Smoke environment Temporal distribution Spatial distribution Confined space Smoke agent

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Historical and current climates affect the Spatial distribution of herbivorous tree insects in China

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第5期34卷 1307-1321页

作者： Feixue Zhang Chunjing Wang Jizhong Wan State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXining 810016People’s Republic of China College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Qinghai UniversityXining 810016People’s Republic of China

Historical and current climate impacts reshape the evolutionary trajectory and ecological dynamics of entire vegetative communities,which can drive insect species distribution.Understanding the Spatial distribution of insects can enhance forest management effectiveness.The effects of historical and current climates in the Spatial distribution of herbivorous tree insects in China were explored.A species distribution model simulated insect Spatial distribution based on 596 species and the distribution probability and richness of these species were assessed in forest ecoregions.The explanatory power of the historical climate was stronger than that of the current climate,particularly historical annual precipitation and annual mean temperatures,for the distribution of herbivorous insects.Under both historical and current climatic conditions,herbivorous tree insects were and are mainly distributed in the North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain,namely in the Huang He Plain mixed forests,Changjiang Plain evergreen forests,and Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests.The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and northeast China are regions with large impact differences between historical and current climates.The findings of this study provide valuable insights into herbivorous insect responses to sustained climate change and may contribute to long-term biodiversity conservation activities.

关键词： Bioclimatie variables Ecoregions Last glacial maximum Spatial distribution Species distribution model Herbivorous tree insects

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Spatial distribution and Seasonal Variation of Hypoxic Zone in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第4期22卷 918-929页

作者： XIE Linping WANG Baodong XIN Ming WANG Ying SUN Xia WEI Qinsheng LIU Lin YUAN Chao Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

The Spatial distribution and seasonal variations of the hypoxic zone in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean were investigated using survey data collected from four cruises from 2013 to 2018.Results showed that hypoxic zone occurred all year round in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean,and it spread southward in the shape of a double tongue at two depths with one at subsurface centered at a depth of 150 m and the other in intermediate water centered at a depth of 800 m.The southward expansion and maximum thickness of the hypoxic zone were greatest in the spring inter-monsoon and least in the summer monsoon.The hypoxic zone originated from the southward expansion of the hypoxic water in the Bay of Bengal and its Spatial distribution was driven by southward output flux of mid-deep(100–1000 m)hypoxic water from the Bay of Bengal.The hypoxia southward expansion was blocked near the equator in the subsurface layer,because of mixing with multiple zonal circulations(e.g.,Wyrtki Jets and the equatorial undercurrent),which meant that the hypoxic zone extended over a smaller area than in the intermediate water.These new findings will contribute to an improved understanding of the hypoxic zone and will contribute to circulation research,particularly about intermediate circulation in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean.

关键词： hypoxic zone Spatial distribution vertical structure seasonal variation eastern equatorial Indian Ocean

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Small water bodies in China:Spatial distribution and influencing factors

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第8期65卷 1431-1448页

作者： Mingquan LV Shengjun WU Maohua MA Ping HUANG Zhaofei WEN Jilong CHEN Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 401122China

Inland water bodies,including ponds,lakes,reservoirs,and rivers,provide extensive ecosystem services for human beings.Among these,small water bodies(SWBs),such as ponds and small reservoirs,are more common landscape features and important biogeochemical reactors.SWBs can significantly influence biogeochemical processes and hydrologic cycles.However,due to their small size,SWBs(Spatial distribution in China.Insufficient geospatial datasets of SWBs limit the accurate assessments of resource utilization and fluxes of biogenic elements in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.To address this,in this study,we applied a convolutional neural network and a visual interpretation approach to extract SWBs from high-resolution satellite images from Google Earth.The Spatial distribution of SWBs in China was mapped,and drivers of the spatial pattern of SWBs were also identified.As a result,a total of 5.18 million water bodies with a surface area larger than 0.1 ha,including ponds,lakes,and reservoirs,were identified.These water bodies(>0.1 ha)cover approximately 179300 km^(2),which is approximately 1.8%of the land area in China.In addition,the combined shoreline length of the water bodies was approximately 2157400 km.Of these water bodies,96.85%were SWBs,accounting for 17.85%of the total water area and 76.4% of the total shoreline length.Precipitation,terrain,and human activity cumulatively explained 45% of the variance in SWB distribution,with precipitation being the strongest climatic explanatory factor.Our results provide important data for determining the roles of SWBs in biogeochemical cycles,habitat protection,and hydrological cycles.

关键词： Small water body Pond Small reservoir China Spatial distribution

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