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Combination of rhamnolipid and biochar in assisting phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil using spartina anglica

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第11期31卷 107-118页

作者： Meinan Zhen Hongkun Chen Qinglong Liu Benru Song Yizhi Wang Jingchun Tang College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China State Key Lab of Petroleum Pollution Control CNPC Research Institute of Safety & Environmental Technology Beijing 102206 China Tianjin Tianmai Energy Saving Equipment Co.LTD Tianjin 300393 China Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria Ministry of Education Tianjin 300071 China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control Tianjin 300071 China

Biochar (BC) and rhamnolipid (RL) is used in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons,however,the combined effect of BC and RL in phytoremediation has not been studied until now.In this paper,the phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil using novel plant spartina anglica was enhanced by the combination of biochar (BC) and rhamnolipid (RL).Samples of petroleum-contaminated soil (10,30 and 50 g/kg) were amended by BC,BC+ RL and rhamnolipid modified biochar (RMB),respectively.After 60 day's cultivation,the removal rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) for unplanted soil (UP),planted soil (P),planted soil with BC addition (P-BC),planted soil with BC and RL addition (P-BC + RL) and planted soil with addition ofRMB (P-RMB) were 8.6%,19.1%,27.7%,32.4% and 35.1% in soil with TPHs concentration of 30 g/kg,respectively.Compared with UP,the plantation of spartina anglica significantly decreased the concentration of C8-14 and tricyclic PAHs.Furthermore,the application of BC and RMB alleviated the toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons to spartina anglica via improving plant growth with increasing plant height,root vitality and total chlorophyll content.High-throughput sequencing result indicated that rhizosphere microbial community of spartina anglica was regulated by the application of BC and RMB,with increase of bacteria and plant mycorrhizal symbiotic fungus in biochar and RMB amended soil.

关键词： Biochar Rhamnolipid Phytoremediation spartina anglica Petroleum HTS

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Emergency control of spartina alterniflora re-invasion with a chemical method in Chongming Dongtan,China

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Water Science and Engineering 2020年第1期13卷 24-33页

作者： Zhi-yuan Zhao Yuan Xu Lin Yuan Wei Li Xiao-jing Zhu Li-quan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Institute of Eco-Chongming East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China

The exotic species spartina alterniflora(S.alterniflora)seriously threatens the stability and functioning of saltmarsh ecosystems in the Yangtze Estuary.Ambitious efforts have been undertaken to control this species,but subsequent re-invasion is frequent,presenting a significant barrier to restoration.The complexity and high cost of integrated physical control programs has necessitated a shift in focus,leading to considerable attention being paid to the potential of herbicides to control S.alterniflora.To find a strategy for emergency control of small and scattered patches of re-invading S.alterniflora,an in situ field experiment using Gallant(Haloxyfop-R-methyl)herbicide was conducted.The growth parameters of plant density and height were used to evaluate the control efficiency of different treatment dosages and times and sediment samples were taken for environmental toxicity analysis.The results show the following:(1)the control efficacy of the maximum proposed application dose(2.70 g/m2)was 92%for continuous swards and 100%for small patches,while those of other dosages(0.45 g/m2,0.90 g/m2,and 1.35 g/m2)were lower than 40%;(2)the appropriate implementation time was July to August with 100%mortality resulting from a single application,while S.alterniflora was shown to be capable of recovering rapidly after treatment in May;and(3)there were no significant differences in the community structure of meiofauna among the herbicide treatments and the control,and no herbicide residues were detected in sediment samples collected from treatment areas.This chemical control method was implemented in the Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Bird Nature Reserve(CDNR).The results of this study indicate that Gallant is an environmentally friendly herbicide with high efficiency,which can be adopted for emergency control of re-invading S.alterniflora.

关键词： spartina alterniflora Re-invasion Chemical control method Gallant Yangtze Estuary

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Spatial dynamic patterns of saltmarsh vegetation in southern Hangzhou Bay:Exotic and native species

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Water Science and Engineering 2020年第1期13卷 34-44页

作者： Si-long Huang Yi-ning Chen Yan Li Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Dongshan Swire Marine Station Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

A saltmarsh has developed rapidly on the mudflat of Andong Shoal,in southern Hangzhou Bay,over the last decade since embankment.The saltmarsh vegetation changes are driven by both sediment dynamic conditions and the competition between the exotic species spartina alterniflora(S.alterniflora) and the native species Scirpus mariqueter(S.mariqueter).This study attempted to investigate large-scale spatial variations in the exotic and native species,by analyzing and interpreting a time series(2016-2018) of high-resolution(less than 1 m) remote sensing images.The total area of the saltmarsh increased at a rate of 1.07 km^2/year,due to the accretion of the whole tidal flat.The spatial patterns revealed a new bimodal pattern for S.alterniflora invasion.S.alterniflora expanded over the upper to middle saltmarsh at a rate of1.68 km2/year.However,the S.alterniflora patches at the seaward edge expanded at a negative rate of-0.005 km^2/year,indicating a different pattern in competition:S.alterniflora had more advantages in the upper saltmarsh,while S.mariqueter had more advantages in the pioneer zone with low elevation.Consequently,S.alterniflora mainly established new habitats by invading S.mariqueter in the middle saltmarsh,but S.mariqueter occupied the bare mudflat for tradeoff.Our results aindicated that the interspecific competition result between S.alterniflora and S.mariqueter depended on elevation,and low elevation might create a favorable environment for S.mariqueter to win the competition with exotic species.This finding could be applied to future invasive species control and saltmarsh management.

关键词： Saltmarsh spartina alterniflora Scirpus mariqueter Spatial variation Competition Exotic species Native species

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Comparison of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur in Coastal Wetlands Dominated by Native and Invasive Plants in the Yancheng National Nature Reserve, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2020年第2期30卷 202-216页

作者： WAN Siang LIU Xingtu MOU Xiaojie ZHAO Yongqiang Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Administration of Yancheng National Natural Reserve Yancheng 224002China

The rapid invasion of the plant spartina alterniflora in coastal wetland areas can threaten the capacity of their soils to store carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and sulfur(S).In this study,we investigated the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of C,N and S of both soil and(native and invasive)plants in four typical coastal wetlands in the core area of the Yancheng National Nature Reserve,China.The results show that the invasive S.alterniflora greatly influenced soil properties and increased soil C,N and S storage capacity:the stock(mean±standard error)of soil organic carbon(SOC,(3.56±0.36)kg/m^3),total nitrogen(TN,(0.43±0.02)kg/m^3),and total sulfur(TS,(0.69±0.11)kg/m^3)in the S.alterniflora marsh exceeded those in the adjacent bare mudflat,Suaeda salsa marsh,and Phragmites australis marsh.Because of its greater biomass,plant C((1193.7±133.6)g/m^2),N((18.8±2.4)g/m^2),and S((9.4±1.5)g/m^2)storage of S.alterniflora was also larger than those of co-occurring native plants.More biogenic elements circulated in the soil-plant system of the S.alterniflora marsh,and their spatial and temporal distribution patterns were also changed by the S.alterniflora invasion.Soil properties changed by S.alterniflora’s invasion thereby indirectly affected the accumulation of soil C,N and S in this wetland ecosystem.The SOC,TN,and TS contents were positively correlated with soil electrical conductivity and moisture,but negatively correlated with the pH and bulk density of soil.Together,these results indicate that S.alterniflora invasion altered ecosystem processes,resulted in changes in net primary production and litter decomposition,and increased the soil C,N and S storage capacity in the invaded ecosystems in comparison to those with native tallgrass communities in the coastal wetlands of East China.

关键词： coastal wetland plant invasion spartina alterniflora soil carbon soil nitrogen soil sulfur

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nvasive spartina and reduced sediments: Shanghai’s dangerous silver bullet

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第2期1卷 79-84页

作者： Jiquan Chen Bin Zhao Wenwei Ren Sari C.Saunders Zhijun Ma Bo Li Yiqi Luo Jiakuan Chen Department of Environmental Sciences University of ToledoOH 43606USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Institute of Biodiversity ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433P.R.China BC Ministry of Forests and Range Coast Forest RegionNanaimoBC V9T 6E9Canada Department of Botany and Microbiology University of OkalahomaNormanOK 73019USA

Aims This synthesis paper is developed to provide a summary of ecological,socioeconomic challenges facing the estuarine wetlands within the Yangtze River delta.Methods We combined literature review of the estuarine wetlands and ground measurements of sedimentation,vegetation,and carbon fluxes to illustrate the foreseeable crises in managing these wetlands that play a critical role in Shanghai’s urban development.Where the Yangtze River meets the Pacific Ocean,4.153108 mg/year of suspended sediments are deposited along mainland and island shorelines of the 40000 km2 delta-resulting in an average growth rate of land outwards 64 m/year since 1951.However,completion of the Three Gorges Dam in 2003,and earlier dam projects,reduced the rates of sedimentation and growth of the islands.To meet the increasing demands for lands and agriculture,policymakers have attempted to enlarge the islands by diking coastal areas and introducing spartina alterniflora-a grass native to tidal salt marshes of the southeastern USA but exotic to China.spartina is one of the 16 greatest invasive species listed by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China.Successful plantations and rapid spread of this species have increased the production and fertility of the coast,but at the cost of native ecosystems.We outline the social,economic,and ecological controversies related to this land management strategy in the context of global warming.Important findings Combinations of these changes,including sea level rise,and alterations to storm patterns and long-shore currents,with the continued spread of spartina,human population growth,and river flow and sediment reduction will make current management untenable.

关键词： invasive Yangtze spartina estuarine wetlands

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Estimation of the Probability of Long-Distance Dispersal: Stratified Diffusion of <i>spartina alterniflora</i>in the Yangtze River Estuary

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第24期5卷 3642-3651页

作者： Wei Yang Qing Wang Xiaoyun Pan Bo Li Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai China Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of Yangtze River Estuary Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science & Ecological Engineering Institute of Biodiversity Science Fudan University Shanghai China

The relative contribution of long-distance dispersal and local diffusion in the spread of invasive species has been a subject of much debate. Invasion of the intertidal mudflats by spartina alterniflora is an ideal example of stratified diffusion, involving both long-distance dispersal of seeds and local diffusion due to clonal growth. In conjunction with experimental data on range radius-versus-time curve, a traveling wave equation-based model is used to investigate the sensitivity of the spread rate of exotic S. alterniflora to parameters of long distance dispersal (c, maximum colonial establishment rate) and local colony diffusion (r, intrinsic growth rate) at two tidal marshes, the Eastern Chongming and the Jiuduansha Islands, at the Yangtze River estuary. Both Eastern Chong ming and Jiuduansha Islands are now national natural reserves in China, which were established in 2005. However, the mudflats and salt marshes in the two reserves are now heavily infested with introduced S. alterniflora, which may threaten the estuarine ecosystems and their biodiversity. S. alterniflora was first found in 1995 on Chongming. For rapid sediment accretion in mudflats in the estuary, S. alterniflora was also intentionally introduced to Jiuduansha in 1997 and Chongming in 2001, which has led to a rapid range expansion in the estuary. Our results show that range expansion of species with stratified diffusion is affected by both long-distance dispersal and local colony diffusion, and that there is a critical c*, below which the spread rate is more influenced by long-distance dispersal than by local diffusion. After applying this model to the invasion of S. alterniflora in the Yangtze River estuary, we derive that c = 1.7 × 10-3, c* = 0.126 and c = 4.8 × 10-3 km-2·yr-1, c* = 0.140 km-2·yr-1 at Chongming and Jiuduansha (Shanghai), respectively. Our results suggest that the range spread of S. alterniflora in the Yangtze River estuary is more influenced by long-distance dispersal than local colony diffusion, and that S. alterniflora

关键词： Long-Distance Dispersal Stratified Diffusion Sensitivity Analysis Traveling Wave Equation spartina alterniflora

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中国东部沿海互花米草种群生活史特征的纬度变异与可塑性

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生物多样性 2008年第5期16卷 462-469页

作者：张亦默王卿卢蒙贾昕耿宇鹏李博生物多样性和生态工程教育部重点实验室、复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所上海200433 上海市环境科学研究院上海200233

互花米草(spartina alterniflora)于20世纪70年代被引入中国,目前已在东部沿海盐沼湿地中广泛分布,成为海岸带盐沼中危害严重的入侵植物之一。为了研究互花米草在中国入侵区中的适应机制,揭示遗传分化和表型可塑性在该物种成功入侵中的... 详细信息

互花米草(spartina alterniflora)于20世纪70年代被引入中国,目前已在东部沿海盐沼湿地中广泛分布,成为海岸带盐沼中危害严重的入侵植物之一。为了研究互花米草在中国入侵区中的适应机制,揭示遗传分化和表型可塑性在该物种成功入侵中的作用,本研究沿纬度梯度在南起广东(22°N)、北至天津(39°N)的沿海样带上采集了10个种群的样本,通过同质园实验比较了不同纬度来源的种群在生活史和生长特征方面是否存在遗传分化,并平行设置高低两个水位处理以比较互花米草对水位变化(不同高程生境条件)的可塑性反应。结果表明,在所研究的互花米草17个性状中有12个存在显著的种群间差异。其中,平均开花日期和相对生长率(植株高度)表现出显著的纬度梯度变异:随着纬度的升高,开花时间提前,相对生长速率(植株高度)趋于增加。同时17个性状中有9个在不同水位处理之间存在显著差异。这些结果表明,遗传分化可能是互花米草能够快速占据广阔分布区的重要原因之一,而表型可塑性可能对互花米草在小尺度上占据不同高程环境的过程有重要作用。

关键词： spartina alterniflora 表型可塑性入侵种水位遗传分化

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Biomass Production of Monocultures and Mixtures of Cup Plant and Native Grasses on Prime and Marginal Cropland

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第6期10卷 911-924页

作者： Arvid Boe Kenneth A. Albrecht Paul J. Johnson Jixiang Wu Department of Agronomy Horticulture and Plant Science South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA Insect Biodiversity Laboratory South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA

To date, most candidate systems for producing herbaceous cellulosic biomass have been composed of monocultures of perennial or annual grasses. Ecosystem goods and services provided from these biomass feedstock production systems could be increased dramatically with mixing of one or more forb species that would increase biodiversity and provide habitat for pollinators. Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is featured with many desirable characteristics, such as high biomass potential, adaptation to marginal soils, and attractiveness to pollinators, desirable in a dicot species to grow in mixtures with perennial warm-season grasses. The objective of this study was to compare cup plant, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and prairie cordgrass (spartina pectinata Link) monocultures to their mixtures for biomass production on prime and poorly drained marginal crop land for two years in both South Dakota and Wisconsin. In Wisconsin, monocultures of prairie cordgrass and cup plant and their mixture produced more biomass (8.1 Mg·ha-1) than the switchgrass monoculture and switchgrass/cup plant mixture (5.3 Mg·ha-1) on both prime and marginal land. While in South Dakota, drought and meristem destruction by the cup plant moth (Eucosma giganteana Riley) caused large reductions in biomass production (1.7 Mg·ha-1) in both years, with the switchgrass/cup plant mixture on marginal land having the highest yield (2.1 Mg·ha-1). Our study showed binary mixtures of cup plant and native warm-season grasses have great potential for increasing biodiversity and other ecosystem goods and services, relative to monocultures, for sustainable biomass feedstock production on poorly drained marginal land in the northcentral USA.

关键词： Silphium perfoliatum L. Switchgrass Panicum virgatum L. Prairie Cordgrass spartina pectinata Link Bioenergy Pollinators Eucosma giganteana Riley Ecosystem Goods and Services

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广西北海西村港互花米草对红树林湿地大型底栖动物群落的影响

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生物多样性 2014年第5期22卷 630-639页

作者：赵彩云柳晓燕白加德吕凤春李俊生中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室北京100012 北京麋鹿生态实验中心北京100076

为了解互花米草(spartina alterniflora)入侵红树林的生态影响,作者对位于北海市西村港的红树林湿地以及周边互花米草盐沼的大型底栖动物群落多样性和群落结构进行了研究。2012年10月至2013年9月连续4次取样,按照取样时间研究大型底栖... 详细信息

为了解互花米草(spartina alterniflora)入侵红树林的生态影响,作者对位于北海市西村港的红树林湿地以及周边互花米草盐沼的大型底栖动物群落多样性和群落结构进行了研究。2012年10月至2013年9月连续4次取样,按照取样时间研究大型底栖动物的种类、物种组成、生物量和生物多样性等群落特征的差异,探讨互花米草入侵红树林湿地对大型底栖动物的影响。本研究共采集底栖动物16种,隶属于5门7纲15科,其中互花米草群落10种,红树林湿地12种。研究发现互花米草入侵后中国绿螂(Glauconome chinensis)个体数量剧增,导致不同采样时间互花米草盐沼的大型底栖动物生物量均显著高于红树林湿地;除个别月份外,红树林湿地大型底栖动物的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著高于互花米草群落。基于生境–采样时间的双因素方差分析结果表明,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson指数在两种生境间差异显著;两种生境的Margalef丰富度和Pielou均匀度指数在不同采样时间差异显著;大型底栖动物生物量和物种数量在两种生境间和不同采样时间差异均显著。基于多元回归分析的研究结果表明,互花米草密度是影响大型底栖动物生物量的关键因子,而互花米草株高可以解释物种个体数量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson指数在两种生境的变化。对不同采样时间大型底栖动物群落结构的非度量多维度(non-metric multidimensional scaling,NMDS)分析结果表明,红树林与互花米草群落的大型底栖动物群落相似性很低。总而言之,在西村港地区,互花米草入侵虽然增加了大型底栖动物的生物量,但由于优势物种的凸显,显著降低了大型底栖动物群落的多样性,且种类组成与群落结构与红树林群落相比已有差异。由此可见,互花米草入侵红树林对当地的大型底栖动物群落多样性造成影响。

关键词：大型底栖动物 spartina alterniflora 群落结构生物多样性生物入侵

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外来种互花米草和土著种芦苇空中凋落物氮动态的比较研究

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生物多样性 2010年第6期18卷 631-637页

作者：廖成章唐小平程小玲李博骆亦其国家林业局调查规划设计院北京100714 复旦大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室长江河口湿地生态系统野外科学观测研究站上海200433

土壤氮含量是限制植物生长的重要因素,所以入侵植物要入侵成功必须突破土壤氮限制的瓶颈。近年来,外来种互花米草(spartina alterniflora)在中国海岸带盐沼中快速取代土著种芦苇(Phragmites australis),引起了多方面的生态学后果。为了... 详细信息

土壤氮含量是限制植物生长的重要因素,所以入侵植物要入侵成功必须突破土壤氮限制的瓶颈。近年来,外来种互花米草(spartina alterniflora)在中国海岸带盐沼中快速取代土著种芦苇(Phragmites australis),引起了多方面的生态学后果。为了解互花米草与本地种芦苇空中凋落物的氮含量是否存在差异及产生这种差异的机制,2003年11月至2004年4月,作者在长江口九段沙湿地对互花米草与芦苇空中凋落物氮含量(单位面积凋落物的总氮量,Ng/m2)进行了测定,结果表明互花米草的氮含量比芦苇高。在空中分解过程中,互花米草茎(包括叶鞘与秆)凋落物的氮含量显著上升,但芦苇茎凋落物的氮含量显著降低。2006年1月,又对中国海岸带6个地点的盐沼中互花米草的凋落物进行取样和氮浓度测定,发现互花米草空中叶鞘与秆的老凋落物(2004年冬季产生)的氮浓度均显著高于其新产生的凋落物(2005年冬季产生),表明在空中分解过程中,互花米草叶鞘与秆凋落物氮含量增加具有普遍性。进一步的温室受控实验结果表明,互花米草凋落物氮含量增加可能是由腐生固氮微生物引起的。以上结果表明,互花米草取代芦苇后,改变了空中凋落物的氮动态,增加了生态系统中氮的输入,可能有利于互花米草的快速扩张。

关键词：氮动态 spartina alterniflora 空中凋落物 Phragmites australis 植物入侵

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