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Distributions of dissolved oxygen and apparent oxygen utilization in the Cosmonaut Sea and Amundsen Sea in austral summer 2022

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第3期35卷 327-369页

作者： DING Yufei ZHU Changfeng ZHANG Cai ZHANG Haifeng ZHAO Jun GUO Xiaoze ZHANG Wei PAN Jianming Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Second Institute of oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Organic Geochemistry Unit Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Earth SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Dissolved oxygen(DO)and apparent oxygen utilization(AOU)are essential parameters for evaluating the impact of climate change on marine *** this study,we utilized data on DO and AOU collected from the Amundsen Sea(western Antarctic)and the Cosmonaut Sea(eastern Antarctic)during the 38th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,along with chlorophyll a(Chl a)data,to analyze the impact of primary production and the spatial distribution and structural features of water masses in these *** findings show that the standard deviation range of parallel DO samples is between 0.1 and 3.9μmol·L^(-1),meeting the precision criteria of the survey *** values lower than 0.0μmol·L^(-1) were commonly observed in the surface waters of both regions,with the highest incidence in the polynya of Amundsen Sea,indicating a strong influence of high primary *** Cosmonaut Sea exhibited the highest AOU values(higher than 160.0μmol·L^(-1))in the 75-500 m layer,while AOU value in the Amundsen Sea did not exceed 160.0μmol·L^(-1),suggesting potential upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water to 100 m in the Cosmonaut Sea with minimal changes in its properties,whereas significant changes were noted in the properties of upwelling modified Circumpolar Deep Water in the Amundsen *** values lower than 125.0μmol·L^(-1)were detected in the near-bottom waters of the Cosmonaut Sea,indicating the presence of Antarctic Bottom Water.

关键词： dissolved oxygen apparent oxygen utilization southern ocean water mass chlorophyll a

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Nitrous oxide research progress in polar and sub-polar oceans

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Advances in Polar Science 2020年第4期31卷 241-247页

作者： ZHAN Liyang ZHANG Jiexia LI Yuhong&WU Man Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry Third Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China

N2O gas depletes ozone and has a powerful greenhouse *** are among the most important N2O sources and have been the subject of extensive *** oceans are important regions for deep water formation and global-scale thermohaline ***,these water bodies play an important role in the N2O budget,however,these regions were not well *** review of previously published studies and data on polar oceans,including both the Arctic ocean and southern ocean,describes the distribution pattern of N2O and possible regulating mechanism of these distribution patterns and shows that the Arctic ocean and southern ocean both represent source and sink regions,suggesting that the source/sink characteristics of the Arctic and southern oceans and their strengths need further *** related to N2O circulation in polar oceans were proposed,and future work is suggested.

关键词： nitrous oxide source/sink Arctic ocean southern ocean Prydz Bay

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Plastic occurrence,sources,and impacts in Antarctic environment and biota

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第2期1卷 60-71页

作者： Gabriella Caruso Elisa Bergami Neelu Singh Ilaria Corsi Institute of Polar Sciences National Research CouncilMessinaItaly British Antarctic Survey Natural Environment Research CouncilHigh CrossMadingley RoadCambridgeCB30ETUK Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Norwegian Polar Institute LongyearbyenNorway Department of Physical Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Siena53100SienaItaly

Several studies have documented that plastic pollution is affecting one of the most remote and pristine regions of our planet,*** of different size and polymeric composition have been retrieved in Antarctic sea ice,surface waters and sediments,with microplastics(mostly fibers)found both in terrestrial and marine *** evidence raises concerns about potential detrimental effects on biodiversity and ecosystem *** present review aims to report the most up-to-date knowledge on occurrence and distribution of plastic pollution in the Antarctic environment and biota including interaction with microorganisms,potential sources,and its impact on Antarctic *** understanding of plastic pollution in this polar region will help us define the human footprint in Antarctica and predict future ecological risks.

关键词： Anthropogenic impact Contamination Microplastics southern ocean Antarctica Occurrence Sources Ecotoxicity Colonization Biosecurity

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Antarctic Sea Ice Concentration in the Brazilian Earth System Model Simulations

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第9期11卷 1-19页

作者： Fernanda Casagrande Elisângela Finotti Ronald Buss de Souza Regiane Moura Noeli Franchi Leonardo Earth System Numerical Modeling Division (DIMNT) National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Cachoeira Paulista Brazil School of Meteorology Santa Maria Federal University (UFSM) Santa Maria Brazil Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN) S&#227o Paulo Brazil

Sea ice is an important and complex component of the Earth’s system, acting as both an indicator and an amplifier of climate change. Here, we investigated the ability of the Brazilian Earth System Model (BESM-OA2.5) and four state-of-the-art climate models participating in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Version 5 (CMIP5) to represent the Antarctic Sea Ice Concentration (SIC) seasonal cycle. We validated the sea ice model’s performance using satellite data from 1980 to 2005 and calculated the skill and RMSE of each model. BESM-OA2.5 results for melt-freeze transitions in the southern ocean are consistent with CMIP5 models and satellite data. In February, when the sea ice reaches its annual minimum, the BESM-OA2.5 has the best fit among the models. However, in September, when the Antarctic sea ice reaches its annual maximum, the SIC simulated by BESM-OA2.5 indicated the largest area covered by ice compared to satellite, particularly on the Polar Front. Similar results were found in the CMIP5 models evaluated here. We suggest that the large bias simulated in the Polar Front is related to the inability of the sea ice model to represent the complex ocean-atmosphere-sea ice interactions. The subject is considered a hot topic in climate change studies and lacks conclusive answers.

关键词： southern ocean Climate Models Satellite CMIP5 Simulations Climate Validation

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Chemical composition of marine aerosols of the 26th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition

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Advances in Polar Science 2011年第3期22卷 165-174页

作者： XU GuoJie CHEN LiQi ZHANG YuanHui WANG JianJun LI Wei LIN Qi Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry SOA Xiamen 361005 China Third Institute of oceanography SOA Xiamen 361005 China

The ionic compositions of aerosol samples collected during the 26th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition were analyzed and the sources of ions were distinguished. Cl-, Na＋, SO2-, NO3-, and Mg2＋ were the most abundant ionic components in the marine aerosols. Cl- and Na＋ contributed over 70% in the total ionic composition, indicating the sea salt is still the primary composition in marine aerosols, followed by the sulfate as the secondary ionic component existed as NH4N03, NH4HSO4, （NH4）2S04. The maximal sea salt concentrations were found at around 40~S and could be attributed to greater winds. The concentrations of methane sulfonic acid （MSA） appeared increasing trend from the low to high latitudes, possibly caused by lower temperature in air and higher marine biological processes in the marginal waters in Antarctica. The correlation and factor analyzes were used to investigate possible sources of these ions. Cl-, Br-, Na＋, K＋, Mg2＋ and Ca2＋ had predominantly marine sources; while F-, NO3 and NH＋ had mostly anthropogenic sources; MSA had marine biogenic sources. The concentrations of SO42- were influenced by both marine and anthropogenic sources.

关键词： Soluble ions MSA southern ocean 26th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition

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Evaluation of reanalysis and satellite-based sea surface winds using in situ measurements from Chinese Antarctic Expeditions

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Advances in Polar Science 2013年第3期24卷 147-152页

作者： LI Ming YANG Qinghua ZHAO Jiechen ZHANG Lin LI Chunhua MENG Shang Polar Research&Forecasting Division National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center

Sea surface winds from reanalysis （NCEP-2 and ERA-40 datasets） and satellite-based products （QuikSCAT and NCDC blended sea winds） are evaluated using in situ ship measurements from the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expeditions （CH1NAREs） from 1989 through 2006, with emphasis on the southern ocean （south of 45°S）. Compared with ship observations, the reanalysis winds have a positive mean bias （0.32 m·s-1 for NCEP-2 and 0.13 m·s-1 for ERA-40）, and this bias is more pronounced in the southern ocean （0.57 m·s-1 and 0.45 m·s-1, respectively）. However, mean biases are negative in the tropics and subtropics. The satellite-based winds also show positive mean biases, larger than those of the reanalysis data. All four wind products overestimate ship wind speed for weak winds （〈4 m·s-1） but underestimate for strong winds （〉10 m·s-1）. Differences between the reanalysis and satellite winds are examined to identify regions with large discrepancies.

关键词： Sea surface winds NCEP-2 ERA-40 QuikSCAT NCDC blended sea winds southern ocean

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DNA barcoding of Antarctic marine zooplankton for species identification and recognition

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Advances in Polar Science 2013年第2期24卷 119-127页

作者： CHENG Fangping WANG Minxiao SUN Song LI Chaolun ZHANG Yongshan Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Polar zooplankton are particularly sensitive to climate change, and have been used as rapid-responders to indicate climate-induced changes in the fragile Antarctic ecosystem. DNA barcoding provides an alternative approach for rapid zooplankton species identification. Ninety-four specimens belonging to 32 Antarctic zooplankton species were barcoded to construct a compre- hensive reference library. An 830 to 1 050 base-pair region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I （mtCOI） gene was obtained as DNA barcodes. The intraspecific variation of the gene ranged from 0 to 2.6% （p-distance）, with an average of 0.67% （SD=0.67%）. The distance between species within the same genera ranged from 0.1% （Calanus） to 29.3%, with an average of 15.3% （SD=8.4%）. The morphological and genetic similarities between Calanus propinquus and C. simillimus raise new questions about the taxonomic status of C. simillimus. With the exception of the two Calanus species, the intraspecific genetic divergence was much smaller than the interspecific divergence among congeneric species, confirming the existence of a barcode gap for Ant- arctic zooplankton. In addition, species other than Calanus sp. formed a monophyletic group. Therefore, we have confirmed DNA barcoding as an accurate and efficient approach for zooplankton identification in the Antarctic area （except for Hydromedusa, Tu- nicata, and other gelatinous zooplankton）. Indicator vector analysis further confirmed this conclusion. The new primer sets issued here may facilitate the study of Antarctic marine zooplankton species composition by environmental metagenetic analysis.

关键词： southern ocean DNA barcode Calanus zooplankton high-throughput analysis

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Response of polar regions to emerging organic pollutant organophosphorus esters (OPEs), a review

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Advances in Polar Science 2017年第1期28卷 13-22页

作者： CHENG Wenhan BLAIS Jules M. XIE Zhouqing LIU Yi LI Ming SUN Liguang Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Biology University of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230023China Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China

Polar regions are free from major anthropogenic impact due to their remoteness. However, certain pollutants can be transported there via atmospheric and/or oceanic circulations. Here we present an overview of current research on organophosphorus esters （OPEs） in polar regions by reviewing the literature on distribution, source and transport of OPEs. Current research on OPEs reveals significant anthropogenic influences in both polar regions. As well as the expected occurrence in the Arctic, OPEs were found on the Antarctic lee Sheet up to 650 km from the coast, and the OPE concentrations were higher at high elevation due to cold climate retention. The immediate source of OPEs for inland Antarctica might be the southern ocean surrounding the continent, where OPEs in aerosols and seawater showed comparable concentrations to remote areas in the European Arctic. A positive correlation between aerosol OPEs in the open water and the surface vortex of ocean currents indicates that these compounds may be transported and accumulated in the ocean currents. The Antarctica Circumpolar Current accumulates them in the marginal seas of Antarctica.

关键词： Antarctica organophosphorus esters southern ocean ice sheet

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REMOBILIZATION AND ACCUMULATION OF IODINE IN MARINE SEDIMENTS, WESTERN ANTARCTIC ocean

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 1992年第1期3卷 50-59页

作者： Cheng Xianhao, Xia Weiping, and Zhang HaishengSecond Institute of oceanography, SOA Hangzhou 310012

Remobilization and accumulation mechanisms of iodine in marine sediments, which are divided into several geochemical environment, are studied. The result shows that iodine is characteristically rich in organic fractions of the sediments on the bottom of bay and pelagic sediments. However, it may be associated with oxyhydroxide and adsorptive phase in a highter percentage at the continental shelf and hemipelagic sediments. The environmental characteristics of remobilization of iodine in surficial sediments are similar to that of iron , that is, it is remobilized on anoxic conditions and converted into solid phases when it is in oxic environments, though the iodine does not act as the electron acceptor. The processes of adsorption and oxidation are responsible for the value of It/Corg in excess of that of planktonic materials other than the organic fraction in surficial sediments. It is a comprehensive effect of organism decomposition, oxyhydroxide reduction, paniculate adsorption and pore water diffusion on decrease of ratio of iodine to organic carbon with increasing depth in sedimentary column. The diffusive and depositional fluxes of iodine are of the same magnitude, which could be the cause for the poor iodine contents in sedimentary rocks. Based on the calculation and discussion, a new model for the remobilization and accumulation of iodine in marine sediments is set up.

关键词： southern ocean sediment iodine

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Progress of Chinese zooplankton ecology research in Prydz Bay, Antarctica

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Advances in Polar Science 2017年第2期28卷 120-128页

作者： LI Chaolun YANG Guang Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

Zooplankton are considered an important trophic link between primary producers and higher trophic level species in the southern ocean ecosystem. Since 1989, when the Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan Station was built, zooplankton have regularly been sampled and investigated in Prydz Bay through oceanographic surveys of each Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. This review summarizes the main results from zooplankton ecology studies conducted in Prydz Bay by Chinese researchers. Major topics covered in this review are：（1） a description of the biology and ecology of Antarctic krill （Euphausia superba）, the key zooplankton species of the southern ocean ecosystem; （2） zooplankton community structure, including the horizontal distribution in the epipelagic region and vertical distribution between 0-1500 m; （3） feeding ecology of dominant species such as Antarctic krill, salps and copepods; （4） a short introduction to the molecular research; and （5） prospects for future research.

关键词： zooplankton southern ocean Antarctic krill Community feeding ecology Chinese research

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