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Migration and role of zinc in biogeochemical cycles in the Antarctic Ice Sheet and the southern ocean

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第2期35卷 157-177页

作者： LIU Jingwen LI Chuanjin DU Zhiheng SHI Guitao DING Minghu SUN Bo XIAO Cunde State Key Laboratory of the Cryosphere Science Northwest Institute of the Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Polar Science MNRPolar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 200136China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) School of Geographic Sciences and Institute of Eco-ChongmingEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Institute of Global Change and Polar Meteorology Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Zinc(Zn),a widespread metal in the Earth’s crust,serves as a crucial nutrient in the southern ocean’s primary *** on Zn in Antarctic snow and ice offer insights into the origins of this metal and its transport routes,as well as its impact on the biogeochemical processes within the Antarctic atmosphere–land–ocean *** review examines research on the spatial and temporal distribution of Zn in Antarctic snow and ice,as well as in southern ocean *** includes an overview of advanced methods for sampling and analyzing Zn,along with explanations for the observed *** review also discusses various sources of Zn as a nutrient to the southern ***,it addresses prospective issues related to the use of Zn isotopes in identifying atmospheric sources and their biogeochemical effects on the development of the southern ocean ecosystem.

关键词： zinc biogeochemical cycles Antarctic Ice Sheet southern ocean

Features and influencing mechanisms of gaseous elemental mercury over the equatorial Pacific and their differences with the southern ocean

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Advances in Polar Science 2022年第1期33卷 86-101页

作者： WANG Jiancheng YUE Fange ZHAN Haicong KANG Hui XIE Zhouqing Institute of Polar Environment&Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Due to the harmful impacts on the ecosystem and even human health,mercury(Hg)compounds in the environment deserve serious *** mobilization and exchange at the air-sea interface are important processes in biogeochemical cycling of *** on the 30th(2013/2014),31st(2014/2015),and 33rd(2016/2017)Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition aboard R/V Xuelong,we found significant rising gaseous elemental mercury(GEM)concentrations over the equatorial Central Indo-Pacific *** the contribution of anthropogenic,volcanic and biomass burning emissions,the enhanced GEM in marine boundary layer was likely due to the combined actions of two driving factors drove by the Inter-Tropical Conversion Zone(ITCZ):(1)intense wet deposition of Hg,followed by subsequent rapid photoreduction and vast evasion from the surface sea;and(2)the regional low-level convergence of airflow that caused the mass accumulation of GEM in *** addition,apparently higher GEM concentration level in the equatorial Central Indo-Pacific than in the southern ocean was observed in one *** investigation suggests that apart from the ITCZ corresponded mechanisms,the effects of spatial differences in anthropogenic emissions and more significant GEM oxidation in Antarctic sea should play roles in this phenomenon.

关键词： mercury equatorial seas southern ocean rainfall air-sea exchange low-level convergence

Trends in Latent and Sensible Heat Fluxes over the southern ocean

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2012年第2期2卷 159-173页

作者： Lejiang Yu Zhanhai Zhang Mingyu Zhou Shiyuan Zhong Donald H.Lenschow Binrui Li Xianqiao Wang Shiming Li Huiding Wu Bo Sun Applied Hydrometeorological Research Institute Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina Polar Research Institute of China ShanghaiChina National Marine Environment Forecast Center BeijingChina Michigan State University East LansingUSA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderUSA

In this study, the trends in latent and sensible heat fluxes (LHF and SHF) over the southern ocean (oceans south of 35?S) and the contributions of the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), the Pacific-South America teleconnection patterns (PSA1 and PSA2) and The El Ni?o-southern Oscillation (ENSO) to these heat fluxes were investigated using the Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Fluxes (OAFlux) dataset from 1979 to 2008. Significant positive annual trends in LHF occur over the Agulhas Current, the Brazil Current, the oceans in the vicinity of New Zealand and southern Australia, and the eastern Pacific ocean near between 35?S and 40?S. Significant negative seasonal trends occur in LHF which differ among the four seasons. The spatial pattern and seasonal variation of the trends in SHF over the southern ocean are similar to those of LHF. The spatial patterns of the trends in LHF and SHF caused by the AAO, PSA1, PSA2 and southern Oscillation Index (SOI) indices show a wave-like feature, varying with different seasons, that can be explained by the anomalous meridional wind associated with the four indices. The above four indices account for a small portion of the trend in LHF and SHF. The residual trends in LHF over the southern ocean may be explained by a climate shift in the late 1990s for the four seasons. But the residual trends in SHF over the southern ocean are not associated with the climate shift.

关键词： southern ocean Antarctic Oscillation Pacific-South America Teleconnection El Nino-southern Oscillation Heat Flux

Challenges of deep-sea biodiversity assessments in the southern ocean

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Advances in Polar Science 2014年第3期25卷 204-212页

作者： Angelika Brandt Huw Griffi ths Julian Gutt Katrin Linse Stefano Schiaparelli Tosca Ballerini Bruno Danis Olaf Pfannkuche Zoological Institute and Zoological Museum Biocenter Grindel University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3Hamburg D-20146 Germany British Antarctic Survey High Cross Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ET UK Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Am Alten Hafen 26 Bremerhaven D-27568 Germany Di.S.T.A.V. Università di Genova C.so Europa 26 I-16132 Genova Italy & Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA)Viale Benedetto XV N° 5 Genova I-16132 Italy Mediterranean Institute of oceanography (MIO) Aix-Marseille Université Université de Toulon CNRS/INSU IRD MIOUM 110 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 France Université de Toulon Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/INSU IRD MIO UM 110 La Garde Cedex 83957 France Marine Biology Laboratory Université Libre de Bruxelles 50 Avenue FD Roosevelt Brussels B-1050 Belgium GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Wischhofstr. 1-3 Geb. 14 Kiel 24148 Germany

Despite recent progress in deep-sea biodiversity assessments in the southern ocean （SO）, there remain gaps in our knowledge that hamper efficient deep-sea monitoring in times of rapid climate change. These include geographical sampling bias, depth and size-dependent faunal gaps in biology, ecology, distribution, and phylogeography, and the evolution of SO species. The phenomena of species patchiness and rarity are still not well understood, possibly because of our limited understanding of physiological adaptations and thresholds. Even though some shallow water species have been investigated physiologically, community-scale studies on the effects of multiple stressors related to ongoing environmental change, including temperature rise, ocean acidification, and shifts in deposition of phytoplankton, are completely unknown for deep-sea organisms. Thus, the establishment of long-term and coordinated monitoring programs, such as those rapidly growing under the umbrella of the southern ocean Observing System （SOOS） or the Deep ocean Observing Strategy （DOOS）, may represent unique tools for measuring the status and trends of deep-sea and SO ecosystems.

关键词： biodiversity assessment southern ocean deep sea gaps limits monitoring

Review of CHINARE chemical oceanographic research in the southern ocean during 1984–2016

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Advances in Polar Science 2017年第2期28卷 139-150页

作者： CHEN Liqi CHEN Min ZHAN Liyan QI Di GAO Zhongyong WANG Jianjun XU Suqing CHEN Kui ZENG Jian ZHANG Run Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry of State oceanic Administration (SOA) Third Institute of Oceanography SOA College of ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University

Between 1984 and 2016, China executed 33 Antarctic cruises with the icebreaker R/V Xuelong, which have provided opportunities for Chinese scientists to investigate the status and changes of the southern ocean. Research in chemical oceanography constitutes one of the primary missions of the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （CH1NARE）. This paper reviews nearly 30 years of Chinese Antarctic expeditions, focusing on the major progress achieved in chemical oceanographic research. Specifically, the sea-surface distributions and air-sea fluxes of CO2 and N20 are considered, and the transport, flux, and budget of organic matter are investigated based on isotopes in the southern ocean, especially in Prydz Bay. In addition, the nutrient distribution and deep-water particle export in Prydz Bay and the study of aerosol heavy metal characteristics are considered. Finally, the prospects for future Chinese Antarctic chemical oceanographic research are outlined.

关键词： chemical oceanography southern ocean CHINARE Prydz Bay

Progress of Chinese research in physical oceanography of the southern ocean

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Advances in Polar Science 2013年第2期24卷 86-97页

作者： SHI Jiuxin DONG Zhaoqian CHEN Hongxia College of Physical and Environmental oceanography Ocean University of China Key Laboratory of Physical oceanography Ministry of Education Polar Research Institute of China First Institute of oceanography State Oceanic Administration

oceanographic surveying has been one of the key missions of the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition since 1984. Using the field data obtained in these surveys and the results from remote sensing and numerical models, Chinese physical oceanographers have investigated the water masses, fronts and circulation patterns in the southern ocean. The results of nearly 30 years of research are summarized in this paper. Most oceanographic observations by Chinese researchers have been con- ducted in Prydz Bay and the adjacent seas. CTD （Conductivity Temperature and Depth） data, collected during the past 20 years, have been applied to study several features of the water masses in this region： The spatial variation of warm summer surface water, the northward extension of shelf water, the flow of ice shelf water from the cavity beneath the Amery Ice Shelf, the upweUing of the Circumpolar Deep Water, and the formation of the Antarctic Bottom Water. The circulation and its dynamic factors have been analyzed with dynamic heights calculated from CTD data as well as by numerical models. The structure and strength of the fronts in the southeast Indian ocean and the Drake Passage were investigated with underway XBT/XCTD （Expendable Bathythermo- graph/Expendable CTD） and ADCP （Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler） data. Their interaunual variations have been determined and the factors of influence, especially the atmospheric forcing and mesoscale oceanic processes, were studied using remote sens- ing data. The dynamic mechanism of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current （ACC） was analyzed by theoretical models. The transport and pattern of the ACC have been well reproduced by coupled sea ice-ocean models. Additional details of ACC variability were identified based on satellite altimeter data. The response of the ACC to climate change was studied using reanalysis data. Prospects for future research are presented at the end of this paper.

关键词： water mass circulation front southern ocean Chinese research

Characteristics of trace metals in marine aerosols and their source identification over the southern ocean

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第3期26卷 203-214页

作者： ZHAO Shuhui CHEN Liqi LIN Hongmei Key Lab of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry SOA Third Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration

Atmospheric trace metals （Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, V, and Cr）, As, A1 and Na in marine aerosols were studied over the southern ocean during the 28th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. Fe was the most abundant of the analyzed trace metals, with an average concentration of 28.824 ng.m3. V and Zn concentrations were also high, and their average concentrations were 5.541 ng.m^3 and 2.584 ng.m^-3, respectively. Although sea spray significantly influenced the marine aerosol particles measured （Na had the highest concentrations of the analyzed elements, with an average concentration of 2.65 μg.m^-3）, multivariate analyses （enrichment factor and principal components analysis） indicated that most of the elements were not associated with oceanic sources. Over the southern ocean, Fe, Cd, As, AI and Cr in the aerosols mainly originated from crustal sources, while Cu, Pb, V and Zn originated from crustal sources and anthropogenic emissions. The enrichment factors （EFcrust） for most elements （Fe, Al, As, Cr, Cd, Cu and V） were much lower in the northern latitudes, indicating that when the sampling occurred closer to land the concentrations of these elements in aerosols were strongly affected by terrestrial crustal sources.

关键词： aerosol trace element multivariate analysis southern ocean marine

Marine protected areas in the southern ocean:status and future

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Advances in Polar Science 2018年第4期29卷 262-268页

作者： LI Chaolun YANG Guang Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071China Center for ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Marine protected areas(MPAs) in the southern ocean are receiving more and more global attention. The southern ocean is one of the world’s last regions not yet seriously impacted by human activities, signifying its ecological importance and unique value for scientific research. In response to climate change and growing commercial fishing interests in the southern ocean and their impacts on the marine ecosystem, the Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources(CCAMLR) is reacting to growing international pressure to establish a system of MPAs in the southern ocean to manage fisheries and conserve vital species—such as the keystone resource Antarctic krill and the dominant fish predator Antarctic toothfish—as well as to protect whole ecosystems. This review summarizes progress in the establishment of MPAs in the southern ocean by focusing on several major topics:(1) the current status of MPAs in the southern ocean;(2) the purpose and objective of MPAs in the southern ocean;(3) a short description of the largest high-sea MPA(the Ross Sea MPA);(4) ecological observation and monitoring for the planned MPAs in the southern ocean; and(5) the importance of international cooperation in the design, establishment and future management of MPAs in the southern ocean.

关键词： Antarctic krill CCAMLR marine protected areas southern ocean

The mean properties and variations of the southern Hemisphere subpolar gyres estimated by Simple ocean Data Assimilation(SODA) products

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Acta oceanologica Sinica 2016年第7期35卷 8-13页

作者： DUAN Yongliang LIU Hongwei YU Weidong HOU Yijun Center for ocean and Climate Research First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration Laboratory for Regional oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Key Laboratory of ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Based on the Simple ocean Data Assimilation （SODA） products, we study the mean properties and variations of the southern Hemisphere subpolar gyres （SHSGs） in this paper. The results show that the gyre strengths in the SODA estimates are （55.9±9.8）×108 ma/s for the Weddell Gyre （WG）, （37.0±6.4） ×106 ma/s for the Ross Gyre （RG）, and （27.5±8.2）x 106 ma/s for the Australian-Antarctic Gyre （AG）, respectively. There exists distinct connectivity between the adjacent gyres and then forms an oceanic super gyre structure in the southern subpolar oceans. And the interior exchanges are about （8.0±3.2）× 106 ma/s at around 70°E and （4.3±3.1）× 106 m3/s at around 140°E. The most pronounced variation for all three SHSGs occurs on the seasonal time scale, with generally stronger （weaker） SHSGs during austral winter （summer）. And the seasonal changes of the gyre structures show that the eastern boundary of the WG and AG extends considerably further east during winter and the interior exchange in the super gyre structure increases accordingly. The WG and RG also show significant semi-annual changes. The correlation analyses confirm that the variations of the gyre strengths are strongly correlated with the changes in the local wind forcing on the semi-annual and seasonal time scales.

关键词： the subpolar gyres southern ocean wind stress wind stress curl