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Intermodel Diversity of Simulated Long-term Changes in the Austral Winter southern annular mode:Role of the southern Ocean Dipole

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第3期38卷 375-386页

作者： Fei ZHENG Jianping LI Shuailei YAO State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 10029China Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES)/Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science

The southern annular mode(SAM)plays an important role in regulating southern Hemisphere extratropical ***-of-the-art models exhibit intermodel spread in simulating long-term changes in the *** from Atmospheric model Intercomparison Project(AMIP)experiments from 28 models archived in CMIP5 show that the intermodel spread in the linear trend in the austral winter(June−July−August)SAM is significant,with an intermodel standard deviation of 0.28(10 yr)−1,larger than the multimodel ensemble mean of 0.18(10 yr)−*** study explores potential factors underlying the model difference from the aspect of extratropical sea surface temperature(SST).Extratropical SST anomalies related to the SAM exhibit a dipole-like structure between middle and high latitudes,referred to as the southern Ocean Dipole(SOD).The role of SOD-like SST anomalies in influencing the SAM is found in the AMIP *** performance in simulating the SAM trend is linked with model skill in reflecting the SOD−SAM *** with stronger linkage between the SOD and the SAM tend to simulate a stronger SAM *** explained variance is about 40%in the AMIP *** results suggest improved simulation of the SOD−SAM relationship may help reproduce long-term changes in the SAM.

关键词： southern annular mode southern Ocean Dipole intermodel spread air−sea interactions

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The Springtime North Asia Cyclone Activity Index and the southern annular mode

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第4期25卷 673-679页

作者：乐旭王会军 Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre(NZC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)

The relationship between the North Asia cyclone （NAC） activity and the southern annular mode （SAM） is documented in this research. The definition of the NAC index （NACI） is based on the atmospheric relative vorticity in North Asia. The analysis yields a significant positive correlation between previous winter southern annular mode index （SAMI） and spring NACI in the interannual variability, with a correlation coefficient of 0.51 during 1948-2000. Analysis of the NAC-related and SAM-related atmospheric general circulation variability demonstrates such a relationship. The study further reveals that when the winter SAM becomes strong, the springtime atmospheric convection in tropical western Pacific will intensify and the local Hadley circulation will be strengthened. As a result, the abnormal subsiding motion over South China makes the temperature gradient intensified in the low level and strengthens the jet in the high level, both of which are beneficial to the development of NAC activity.

关键词： North Asia cyclone southern annular mode atmospheric general circulation

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The connection of phytoplankton biomass in the Marguerite Bay polynya of the western Antarctic Peninsula to the southern annular mode

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第1期43卷 35-47页

作者： Ning Jiang Zhaoru Zhang Ruifeng Zhang Chuning Wang Meng Zhou School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of ChinaMinistry of Natural ResourcesShanghai 200136China

Antarctic coastal polynyas are biological hotspots in the southern Ocean that support the abundance of hightrophic-level predators and are important for carbon cycling in the high-latitude *** this study,we examined the interannual variation of summertime phytoplankton biomass in the Marguerite Bay polynya(MBP)in the western Antarctic Peninsula area,and linked such variability to the southern annular mode(SAM)that dominated the southern hemisphere extratropical climate *** satellite data,atmosphere reanalysis products and numerical simulations,we found that the interannual variation of summer chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration in the MBP is significantly and negatively correlated with the spring SAM index,and weakly correlated with the summer SAM *** negative relation between summer Chl-a and spring SAM is due to weaker spring vertical mixing under a more positive SAM condition,which would inhibit the supply of iron from deep layers into the surface euphotic *** negative relation between spring mixing and spring SAM results from greater precipitation rate over the MBP region in positive SAM phase,which leads to lower salinity in the ocean surface *** coupled physical-biological mechanisms between SAM and phytoplankton biomass revealed in this study is important for us to predict the future variations of phytoplankton biomasses in Antarctic polynyas under climate change.

关键词： Marguerite Bay polynya phytoplankton biomass southern annular mode mixed layer depth interannual variation

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Relationships among the Monsoon-like Southwest Australian Circulation,the southern annular mode, and Winter Rainfall over Southwest Western Australia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第8期32卷 1063-1076页

作者： FENG Juan LI Jianping Yun LI ZHU Jianlei XIE Fei College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Center for Global Change Studies Data Analytics CSIRO Digital Productivity Flagship Floreat6083 Western Australia Australia

This study examines the relationships among the monsoon-like southwest Australian circulation （SWAC）, the South- ern annular mode （SAM）, and southwest Western Australia winter rainfall （SWR）, based on observed rainfall, reanalysis datasets, and the results of numerical modeling. By decomposing the SWAC into two components using a linear model, i.e. the component related to SAM （RSAM） and the component unrelated to SAM （SWACI＊）, we find it is the SWACI＊ that shows a significant influence on SWR. Similarly, it is the component of SAM associated with SWAC that exhibits an impact on SWR, whereas the component unrelated to SAM. A similar result is obtained in terms of the circulation associated with SWAC and the SAM. These facts suggest the SAM plays an indirect role in influencing SWR, and raise the possibility that SWAC acts as a bridge between the SAM and SWR, by which the SAM passes its influences onto SWR. This is due to the fact that the variations of SWAC are closely linked to the thermal contrast between land and sea across the southern Indian Ocean and southwest Australia. By contrast, the SAM does not significantly relate to this thermal structure, particularly for the component unrelated to SWAC. The variations of surface sea temperature over the southern Indian Ocean contribute to the favored rainfall circulation patterns. This finding is supported by the numerical modeling results. The strong coupling between SWAC and SWR may be instrumental for understanding the interactions between SWR and the southern Indian Ocean, and provides another perspective in examining the variations in SWR.

关键词： monsoon-like Southwest Australian Circulation southern annular mode southwest Western Australian winterrainfall

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The southern annular mode(SAM) in PMIP2 Simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第4期31卷 863-878页

作者： Seong-Joong KIM L Junmei Baek-Min KIM Korea Polar Research Institute KORDI Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

The increasing trend of the southern annular mode （SAM） in recent decades has influenced climate change in the Southem Hemisphere （SH）.How the SAM will respond increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the future remains *** the variability of the SAM in the past under a colder climate such as during the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） might provide some understanding of the response of the SAM under a future warmer *** analyzed the changes in the SAM during the LGM in comparison to pre-industrial （PI） simulations using five coupled ocean-atmosphere models （CCSM,FGOALS,IPSL,MIROC,HadCM） from the second phase of the Paleoclimate modelling Intercomparison Project （PMIP2）.In CCSM,MIROC,IPSL,and FGOALS,the variability of the simulated SAM appears to be reduced in the LGM compared to the PI simulations,with a decrease in the standard deviation of the SAM ***,four out of the five models suggest a weaker SAM amplitude in the LGM consistent with a weaker SH polar vortex and westerly winds found in some proxy records and model *** weakening of the SAM in the LGM was associated with an increase in the vertical propagation of Rossby waves in southern high latitudes.

关键词： southern annular mode Last Glacial Maximum PMIP2 southern Hemisphere westerly winds

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Distinct patterns of monthly southern annular mode events

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2022年第4期15卷 38-43页

作者： Minglin Zheng Xiuzhen Li College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversitySouthern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiChina

The southern annular mode(SAM)is the leading mode of atmospheric variability in the mid–high latitudes of the southern Hemisphere,representing large-scale variations in pressure and the polar front jet(PFJ).In SAM events,the combination of the SAM and other modes may result in different atmospheric *** this study,a neural-network-based cluster technique,the self-organizing map,was applied to extract the distinct patterns of SAM events on the monthly time scale based on geopotential height anomalies at 500 *** pairs of distinguishable patterns of positive and negative SAM events were identified,representing the diversity in spatial distribution,especially the zonal symmetry of the center of action at high latitudes—that is,symmetric patterns,split-center patterns,West Antarctica patterns,and a tripole *** the SAM is well known to be beltshaped,within the selected SAM events,the occurrence frequency of symmetric patterns is only 23.8%—less than that of West Antarctica *** PFJ variations were found in the symmetric and asymmetric patterns of SAM *** more asymmetric the spatial distribution of the pressure anomaly,the more localized the adjusted zonal wind *** adjusted PFJ varied in meridional displacement and strength in different patterns of SAM *** addition,the entrance and exit of the jet changed in most of the patterns,especially in the asymmetric patterns,which might result in different climate impacts of the SAM.

关键词： southern annular mode Self-organizing map Zonal asymmetry Antarctica

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Impact of the Preceding Boreal Winter southern annular mode on the Summertime Somali Jet

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2014年第6期7卷 534-539页

作者： SHI Wen-Jing XIAO Zi-Niu Department of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology China Metrological Administration Training Center Institute of Atmosphere Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

One of the major high-latitude circulation systems in the southern Hemisphere is the southern annular mode(SAM). Its effect on the Somali Jet(SMJ), which connects the southern and Northern hemispheres, cannot be ignored. The present reported results show that time series of both the southern annular mode Index(SAMI) during the preceding winter and the summertime Somali Jet intensity Index(SMJI) display a significant increasing trend and have similar interdecadal variation. The latter was rather strong around 1960, then became weaker up to the mid-1980 s, before starting to strengthen again. The lead-lag correlations of monthly mean SAMI with the following summertime SMJI showed significant positive correlations in November, December, and January. There are thus connections across two seasons between the SAM and the SMJ. The influence of the winter SAM on the summer SMJ was explored via analyses of SST anomalies in the southern Indian Ocean. During strong(weak) SAM/SMJ years, the SST east of Madagascar is colder(warmer) while the SST west of Australia is warmer(colder), corresponding to the positive(negative) southern Indian Ocean Dipole-like(SIODL) event. Subsequently, the SIODL excites an anticyclone located over the Arabian Sea in summer through air-sea coupling from winter to summer, which causes an increase in the summer SMJ intensity. The anticyclone/high branch of the SAM over the southern Hemisphere subtropics and the cyclone/low over the east coast of Madagascar play an important role in the formation of southern Indian Ocean "bridge" from winter to summer.

关键词： southern annular mode Somali Jet southern Indian Ocean Dipole ocean-atmosphere coupled bridge

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southern annular mode（SAM）for the Last Glacial Maximum Derived from PMIP2 Coupled model Simulations

Southern Annular Mode（SAM）for the Last Glacial Maximum Der...

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第八次全国动力气象学术会议

作者： Seong-Joong Kim Junmei Lü Baek-Min Kim Korea Polar Research Institute KORDI Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

＜正＞The increasing trend of the southern annular mode（SAM） in recent decades has influenced the climate change in the southern *** will the SAM respond to the increase of greenhouse gases in the future still remains *** the variability of the SAM in the past under colder climate such as the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） helps understand the response of the SAM for the future warm *** analyzed

关键词： southern annular mode Last Glacial Maximum PMIP2 SH westerly winds

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Characteristics of cyclone climatology and variability in the southern Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第7期35卷 59-67页

作者： WEI Lixin QIN Ting Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterState Oceanic Administration

A new climatology of cyclones in the southern Ocean is generated by applying an automated cyclone detection and tracking algorithm （developed by Hodges at the Reading University） for an improved and relatively high- resolution European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis during 1979-2013. A validation shows that identified cyclone tracks are in good agreement with a available analyzed cyclone product. The climatological characteristics of the southern Ocean cyclones are then analyzed, including track, number, density, intensity, deepening rate and explosive events. An analysis shows that the number of cyclones in the southern Ocean has increased for 1979-2013, but only statistically significant in summer. Coincident with the circumpolar trough, a single high-density band of cyclones is observed in 55^-67~S, and cyclone density has generally increased in north of this band for 1979-2013, except summer. The intensity of up to 70% cyclones in the southern Ocean is less than 980 hPa, and only a few cyclones with pressure less than 920 hPa are detected for 1979-2013. Further analysis shows that a high frequency of explosive cyclones is located in the band of 45^-55~S, and the Atlantic Ocean sector has much higher frequent occurrence of the explosive cyclones than that in the Pacific Ocean sector. Additionally, the relationship between cyclone activities in the southern Ocean and the southern annular mode is discussed.

关键词： southern Ocean cyclones automated detection and tracking algorithm southern annular mode

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Synoptic mode of Antarctic summer sea ice superimposed on interannual and decadal variability

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第2期12卷 147-161页

作者： YU Le-Jiang ZHONG Shi-Yuan SUI Cui-Juan ZHANG Zhao-Ru SUN Bo MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai200136China Department of Geography Environment and Spatial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing48824USA National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing10008JChina School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

In contrast to decreased Arctic sea ice extent,Antarctic sea ice extent shows a somewhat increased *** is a large interannual variability of Antarctic sea ice,especially in the Pacific sector of the southern *** change and variability of Antarctic sea ice in synoptic timescales in the recent decades remain *** identify synoptic modes of variability of Antarctic summer sea ice by applying the Self Organizing Map(SOM)technique to daily sea ice concentration data for the period 1979–*** 40%of the variability is characterized by opposite changes between sea ice cover in the Bellingshausen,Amundsen and western Ross Seas and in the rest of the Antarctic seas,and another 30%by meridional asymmetry in the Weddell,Amundsen,and Ross *** of these spatial patterns may be explained by the dynamics and thermodynamic processes associated with anomalous atmospheric circulations related to the southern annular mode(SAM)with a structure of strong zonal *** interannual variability of the sea ice modes appears to have little connection to SAM,and only a weak relation to *** annual frequencies of SOM node occurrences also show a great decadal *** 9 appears mainly prior to 1990;while node 1 occurs mainly after *** decadal variability of nodes 1 and 9 is associated with the asymmetrical SAM,which results from two wavetrains excited over northern Australia and the southeastern Indian *** results further highlight the importance of understanding the role of southern mid-to-high latitude atmospheric intrinsic variability in predicting Antarctic summer sea ice variations from synoptic to decadal timescales.

关键词： Antarctic sea ice Sea ice variability southern annular mode Amundsen sea low Self organizing map

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