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Phytoplankton community structure and environmental parameters in aquaculture areas of Daya Bay,south china sea

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第9期21卷 1268-1275页

作者： WANG Zhaohui ZHAO Jiangang ZHANG Yujuan CAO Yu Institute of Hydrobiology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China. Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention Education Department of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510632 China

Environmental characteristics and phytoplankton community structure were investigated in two aquaculture areas in Dapeng Cove of Daya Bay, south china sea, between April 2005 and June 2006. Phytoplankton abundance ranged between 5.0 and 8877.5 cells/mL, with an average of 751.8 cells/mL. The seasonal cycle of phytoplankton were demonstrated by frequent oscillations, with recurrent high abundances from late spring to autumn and a peak stage in late winter. Diatoms were the predominant phytoplankton group, accounting for 93.21% of the total abundance. The next most abundant group was the dinoflagellates, which made up only 1.24% of total abundance. High concentrations of Alexandrium tamarense （Lebour） Balech with a maximum of 603.0 cells/mL were firstly recorded in this area known for high rates of paralytic shellfish poisoning （PSP） contamination. Temperatures and salinities were within the suitable values for the growth of phytoplankton, and were important in phytoplankton seasonal fluctuations. The operation of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station （DNPS） exerts influences on the phytoplankton community and resulted in the high abundances of toxic dinoflagellate species during the winter months. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN） and dissolved silicate （DSi） were sufficient, and rarely limited for the growth of phytoplankton. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus （DIP） was the most necessary element for phytoplankton growth. The enriched environments accelerated the growth of small diatoms, and made for the shift in predominant species from large diatom Rhizosolenia spp. to chain-forming diatoms such as Skeletonema costatum, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Thalassiosira subtilis.

关键词： phytoplankton environmental factor south china sea aquaculture nuclear power station

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Potential role of strike-slip faults in opening up the south china sea

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National Science Review 2019年第5期6卷 891-901页

作者： Chi-Yue Huang Pinxian Wang Mengming Yu Chen-Feng You Char-Shine Liu Xixi Zhao Lei Shao Guangfa Zhong Graciano P.Yumul Jr State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology School of Ocean and Earth Science Tongji University Department of Earth Science Cheng Kung University Institute of Oceanography Taiwan University Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California School of Environmental Science and Management University of the Philippines Los Banos College

Radiometric dates of key rock units indicate that a remnant Late Mesozoic ocean of the Huatung Basin is still preserved today east of the south china sea(SCS).We integrate regional geology with a Cretaceous oceanic basement in the vicinity of the Huatung Basin to reconstruct the Huatung Plate east of the Eurasian continent.Results of geophysical investigations, four expeditions of deep-sea drilling and a renaissance of regional geology allow us to propose a hypothesis that the mechanism responsible for the SCS opening was raised from strike-slip fault on the east.The hypothesis suggests that the SCS opening could highly relate to the strike-slip faults inherited from Late Mesozoic structures onshore–offshore the SE Cathaysia Block to develop rhombic-shaped extensional basins en echelon on the thinned Eurasian continental crust in the Early Cenozoic.It was followed by sinistral strike-slip movements along the boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Huatung Plate driven by oblique subduction of the Huatung Plate to the northwest coupled with slab-pull force by southward subduction of the Proto-SCS to open up the triangle-shaped oceanic East Sub-basin in the Early Oligocene(33/34 Ma).The spreading ridge then propagated southwestward in the step-over segment between the Zhongnan-Lile and the Red River strike-slip fault systems to open the triangle-shaped oceanic southwest Sub-basin by 23 Ma.The plate boundary fault was subsequently converted into the Manila Trench when the Eocene Sierra Madre arc of the Huatung Plate had moved from the south to its present latitude by the Middle Miocene.

关键词： south china sea Huatung Basin Eurasian continent strike-slip fault plate boundary

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The south china sea is not a mini-Atlantic: plate-edge rifting vs intra-plate rifting

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National Science Review 2019年第5期6卷 902-913页

作者： Pinxian Wang Chi-Yue Huang Jian Lin Zhimin Jian Zhen Sun Minghui Zhao State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Department of Earth Sciences Cheng Kung University Department of Geology and Geophysics Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The south china sea, as ‘a non-volcanic passive margin basin’ in the Pacific, has often been considered as a small-scale analogue of the Atlantic.The recent ocean drilling in the northern south china sea margin found, however, that the Iberian model of non-volcanic rifted margin from the Atlantic does not apply to the south china sea.In this paper, we review a variety of rifted basins and propose to discriminate two types of rifting basins: plate-edge type such as the south china sea and intra-plate type like the Atlantic.They not only differ from each other in structure, formation process, lifespan and geographic size, but also occur at different stages of the Wilson cycle.The intra-plate rifting occurred in the Mesozoic and gave rise to large oceans, whereas the plate-edge rifting took place mainly in the mid-Cenozoic, with three-quarters of the basins concentrated in the Western Pacific.As a member of the Western Pacific system of marginal seas, the south china sea should be studied not in isolation on its origin and evolution, but in a systematic context to include also its neighboring counterparts.

关键词： rifting marginal basin passive margin south china sea Western Pacific subduction

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Millennial mercury records derived from ornithogenic sediment on Dongdao Island,south china sea

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第9期23卷 1415-1423页

作者： Hong Yan Yuhong Wang Wenhan Cheng Liguang Sun Institute of Polar Environment University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA

Two ornithogenic sediment cores,which have a time span of 1000 years and are influenced by red-footed booby （Sula sula）,were collected from Dongdao Islands,south china sea.The determined mercury concentrations of the two cores show similar and substantial fluctuations during the past millennium,and the fluctuations are most likely caused by the changes in mercury level of the ocean environment and in anthropogenic Hg emission.For the past 500 years,the mercury concentration in the red-footed booby excrement has a striking association with global anthropogenic mercury emission.The mercury concentration increased rapidly after AD 1600 in corresponding to beginning of the unparalleled gold and silver mining in south Central America that left a large volume of anthropogenic mercury pollution.Since the Industrial Revolution,the mercury level has increased at a fast pace,very likely caused by modern coal combustion,chlor-alkali and oil refining industries.The comparison of mercury profiles from different places on earth suggested that anthropogenic mercury pollution after the Industrial Revolution is more severe in Northern Hemisphere than in Antarctica.

关键词： south china sea red-footed booby ornithogenic sediment mercury anthropogenic source

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Preliminary studies on nitrous oxide emissions from the ornithogenic soils on Xi-sha atoll,south china sea

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第4期17卷 551-556页

作者： ZHURen-bin SUNLi-guang ZHAOSan-ping XIEZhou-qing LIUXiao-dong YINXue-bin InstituteofPolarEnvironment UniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina

The preliminary measurements of nitrous oxide fluxes from the ornithogenic soils on tropical Xi-sha atoll were made using a closed chamber technique for the first time. N_2O fluxes from the ornithogenic soils ranged from 1 8 to 40 3 μg/(m^2\5h) on Dong Island and 3 2 to 20 4 μg/(m^2·h) on Yongxing Island and their flux averaged 11 0 μg/(m^2·h) and 8 3 μg/(m^2·h), respectively. N_2O fluxes from two wetland sites in salt marsh of Dong Island were approximately one order of magnitude lower than those from the ornithogenic soils and averaged 2 1 μg/(m^2·h) and 2 4 μg/(m^2·h). The diurnal variation cycle in the fluxes was obtained at the observation sites; the N_2O flux increased with the increase in soil temperature. The sudden increase in soil moisture greatly stimulated N_2O emission from the ornithogenic soils on Dong Island due to the heavy rainfall. The undisturbed soils showed the lower N_2O fluxes and the average was 4 8 μg/(m^2·h) and the soils via the reclamation showed the higher N_2O fluxes and the average was 16 6 μg/(m^2·h) on Yongxing Island, suggesting that the changes of land use have an important effect on N_2O fluxes from the ornithogenic soils. In addition, the N_2O fluxes at the different sites showed high spatial variations. The fluxes were positively correlated with the concentrations of NO^-_3, PO~ 3- _4 and Mn in the soils. The negative correlation between the fluxes and total S concentration in the ornithogenic soils was also found for the first time. Coastal soils or sediments constitute an important source of global atmospheric N_2O and the increases in nitrogen loading from seabird guanos will lead to significant increases in the flux of this atmospherically active gas.

关键词： south china sea ornithogenic soil nitrous oxide Xi-sha atoll emission

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Preliminary studies on methane flux from the ornithogenic soils on Xi-sha atoll, south china sea

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第5期17卷 789-793页

作者： ZHU Ren-bin SUN Li-guang ZHAO San-ping XIE Zhou-qing LIU Xiao-dong YIN Xue-bin Institute of Polar Environment University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

Methane flux from the ornithogenic soils was preliminarily measured by closed chamber method on Xi-sha atoll, south china sea during March 10 to April 11, 2003 for the first time. The CH4 flux ranged from - 226.7 μg/（m^2 ·h） to 226.3 μg/（m^· h） at the observation sites on Dong Island. High atmospheric CH4 consumption was observed from the ornithogenic soils on sunny days. CH4 uptake rates showed the highest value after the midday and they had a strong positive correlation with soil temperatures. Under the same weather conditions, the CH4 fluxes were also observed from the intact and disturbed soils on Yongxing Island. Results showed that the intact soils with natural vegetation also showed high atmospheric CH4 consumption and the average flux was - 141.8 μg/（ m^2· h）. However, disturbed soils via anthropogenic reclamation showed CH4 emissions and the average flux was 441 .7 μg/（ m^2· h）. Therefore land use changes may have an important effect on the CH4 fluxes from the tropical ornithogenic soils. In addition, different observation sites show a high spatial variation in CH4 fluxes. The wetland in salt marsh showed the CH4 emission on Dong Island, and the dry soil sites all showed high atmospheric CH4 consumption, suggesting that CH4 fluxes were predominantly controlled by soil water regime. The effects of soil chemical properties on CH4 fluxes were also analyzed and discussed in this paper.

关键词： methane flux south china sea ornithogenic soil Xi-sha atoll

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A pioneering survey of deep-diving and off-shore cetaceans in the northern south china sea

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第4期16卷 440-450页

作者： Mingli LIN Mingming LIU Francesco CARUSO Massimiliano ROSSO Xiaoming TANG Lijun DONG Wenzhi LIN Anna BORRONI Alessandro BOCCONCELLI Liang DAI Songhai LI Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory Institute of Deep-sea Science and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesSanyaHainanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina CIMA Research Foundation SavonaItaly Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods HoleMassachusettsUSA

A pioneering boat-based survey was conducted in 2019,to gather baseline information regarding the presence,composition,relative abundance,and spatial distribution of deep-diving and off-shore cetaceans in the northern south china sea(SCS).A total of 27 sightings comprising at least 8 cetacean species were recorded during the 13-day survey,including 5 deep-diving species(i.e.Risso’s dolphin[Grampus griseus],short-finned pilot whale[Globicephala macrorhynchus],sperm whale[Physeter macrocephalus],Cuvier’s beaked whale[Ziphius cavirostris],and an unidentified beaked whale[either the ginkgo-toothed beaked whale,Mesoplodon ginkgodens,or Deraniyagala’s beaked whale,Mesoplodon hotaula]),as well as 3 off-shore dolphins(i.***.pantropical spotted dolphin[Stenella attenuate],striped dolphin[Stenella coeruleoalba],and Fraser’s dolphin[Lagenodelphis hosei]).With the exception of pantropical spotted dolphins,all other species were sighted and recorded at sea in the northern SCS for the first time.The pantropical spotted dolphin was the most frequently sighted species,comprising 30%of the total sightings.Deep-diving cetaceans were mainly sighted in the northern Xisha Archipelago,whereas off-shore dolphins were distributed across the survey area.The pantropical spotted dolphin was observed in aggregations of more than 100 individuals and nearly all encountered species included calves;these findings suggested that the survey area functions as an important feeding and calving ground for various cetacean species.This pioneering survey provides fundamental information regarding cetacean fauna in the northern SCS and highlights the need to strengthen research and conservation efforts concerning these species.

关键词： cetacean diversity deep divers dolphins south china sea whales

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Report of epibenthic macrofauna found from Haima cold seeps and adjacent deep-sea habitats,south china sea

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2021年第1期3卷 1-12页

作者： Dong Dong Xinzheng Li Mei Yang Lin Gong Yang Li Jixing Sui Zhibin Gan Qi Kou Ning Xiao Junlong Zhang Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China

This work reports on a preliminary taxonomic study of epibenthic macroinvertebrates collected or observed by underwater video at the Haima cold seeps and in adjacent deep-sea habitats,including a mud volcano feld and Ganquan Plateau,during an expedition in the south china sea by the Chinese-manned submersible Shenhai Yongshi in May 2018.A total of 41 species belonging to 6 phyla were identifed,among which 34 species were collected from the Haima cold seeps.Mollusks and crustaceans that are specialized in reducing habitats were predominant in biotopes of the Haima cold seeps,whereas sponges and cold-water corals and their commensals were prominent in communities of the mud volcano feld and the slopes of Ganquan Plateau.The distribution and faunal composition of each taxonomic group are discussed.

关键词： Cold seep Mud volcano Ganquan plateau Epibenthic macroinvertebrates Faunal composition south china sea

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First live sighting of Deraniyagala’s beaked whale(Mesoplodon hotaula)or ginkgo-toothed beaked whale(Mesoplodon ginkgodens)in the western Pacific(south china sea)with preliminary data on coloration,natural markings,and surfacing patterns

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第4期16卷 451-461页

作者： Massimiliano ROSSO Mingli LIN Francesco CARUSO Mingming LIU Lijun DONG Anna BORRONI Wenzhi LIN Xiaoming TANG Alessandro BOCCONCELLI Songhai LI Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory Institute of Deep-sea Science and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesSanyaChina CIMA Research Foundation SavonaItaly Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Applied Ocean Physics and EngineeringWoods HoleMassachusettsUSA

Beaked whales represent around 25%of known extant cetacean species,yet they are the least known of all marine mammals.Identification of many Mesoplodon species has relied on examination of a few stranded individuals.Particularly,the ginkgo-toothed beaked whale(Mesoplodon ginkgodens)and Deraniyagala’s beaked whale(Mesoplodon hotaula)are among the least-known of beaked whale species,without confirmed sightings of living individuals to date.We present a sighting of 3 free-ranging individuals of M.ginkgodens/hotaula whale from a dedicated marine mammal vessel survey carried out in the south china sea in April and May 2019.Photographic data(301 photographs)from the sighting were compared to photos of fresh stranded ginkgo-toothed beaked whale and Deraniyagala’s beaked whale from both historical and unpublished records.We found that free-ranging M.ginkgodens and M.hotaula individuals can be easily distinguished from other Mesoplodon species due to differences in melon and gape shapes and coloration patterns.However,accurate at-sea differentiation of M.ginkgodens and M.hotaula may not be possible due to high similarity in both coloration and scarring patterns.In addition to our photo-identification data,we collected what we believe to be the first preliminary descriptions of surfacing behavior and diving patterns of one of these species.Finally,the presence of scars possibly caused by fishing gear or marine litter raises concerns about anthropogenic impacts and conservation of these poorly known species.

关键词： Deraniyagala’s beaked whale ginkgo-toothed beaked whale marine litter Mesoplodon south china sea

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Variation characteristics of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide in summertime at a coastal site in the south china sea

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第11期16卷 165-175页

作者： Yangyan Cheng Ye Shan Yuhuan Xue Yujiao Zhu Xinfeng Wang Likun Xue Yanguang Liu Fangli Qiao Min Zhang Key Laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling Qingdao 266061China

Methane(CH_(4))and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))are the two most important greenhouse gases(GHGs).To examine the variation characteristics of CH_(4)and CO_(2)in the coastal south china sea,atmospheric CH_(4)and CO_(2)measurements were performed in Bohe(BH),Guangdong,china,in summer 2021.By using an adaptive data analysis method,the diurnal patterns of CH_(4)and CO_(2)were clearly extracted and analysed in relation to the sea breeze(SB)and land breeze(LB),respectively.The average concentrations of CH_(4)and CO_(2)were 1876.91±31.13 ppb and 407.99±4.24 ppm during SB,and 1988.12±109.92 ppb and 421.54±14.89 ppm during LB,respectively.The values of CH_(4)and CO_(2)during SB basically coincided with the values and trends of marine background sites,showing that the BH station could serve as an ideal site for background GHG monitoring and dynamic analysis.The extracted diurnal variations in CH_(4)and CO_(2)showed sunrise high and sunset low patterns(with peaks at 5:00–7:00)during LB but mid-morning high and evening low patterns(with peaks at 9:00)during SB.The diurnal amplitude changes in both CH_(4)and CO_(2)during LB were almost two to three times those during SB.Wind direction significantly modulated the diurnal variations in CH_(4)and CO_(2).The results in this study provide a new way to examine the variations in GHGs on different timescales and can also help us gain a better understanding of GHG sources and distributions in the south china sea.

关键词： Methane Carbon dioxide Diurnal pattern Ensemble empirical mode decomposition south china sea sea breeze

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