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Patterns and Dynamics of Rifting on Passive Continental Margin from Shelf to Slope of the Northern south china sea.Evidence from 3D Analogue Modeling

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Journal of china University of Geosciences 2009年第1期20卷 136-146页

作者：孙珍周蒂吴世敏钟志洪 Myra Keep 姜建群樊浩 Key Laboratory of Marginal sea.Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Department of Science and Technology Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC Guangzhou 510420 China Tectonic Special Resea.ch Center University of Western Australia Nedlands WA 6907 Australia Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company Liaohe Oilfield of PetroChina Panjin 124010 China)

Affected by thermal perturbation due to mantle uprising, the rheological structure of the lithosphere could be modified, which could lead to different rifting patterns from shelf to slope in a passive continental margin. From the observed deformation style on the northern south china sea.and analogue modeling experiments, we find that the rift zone located on the shelf is characterized by half grabens or simple grabens controlled mainly by long faults with large vertical offset, supposed to be formed with normal lithosphere extension. On the slope, where the lithosphere is very hot due to mantle upweUing and heating, composite grabens composed of symmetric grabens developed. The boundary and inner faults are all short with small vertical offset. Between the zones with very hot and normal lithosphere, composite half grabens composed of half grabens or asymmetric grabens formed, whose boundary faults are long with large vertical offset, while the inner faults are relatively short. Along with the thickness decrease of the brittle upper crust due to high temperature, the deformation becomes more sensitive to the shape of a pre-existing weakness zone and shows orientation variation along strike. When there was a bend in the pre-existing weakness zone, and the basal plate was pulled by a clockwise rotating stress, the strongest deformation always occurs along the middle segment and at the transition area from the middle to the eastern segments, which contributes to a hotter lithosphere in the middle segment, where the Baiyun （白云） sag formed.

关键词： passive continental margin rifting pattern 3D analogue modeling south china sea.

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Mixed Carbonate-Siliciclastic Deposits in a Channel Complex in the Northern south china sea

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第3期29卷 707-720页

作者： Benjun Ma Shiguo Wu Lijun Mi Thomas Lüdmann Jinwei Gao Wei Gao Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Key Laboratory of Marine Georesources and Prospecting Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesSanya 572000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Functional Laboratory for Marine Geology and Environment Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061China Shenzhen Branch China National Offshore Oil CorporationGuangzhou 510420China Institute of Geology Centre for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversity of HamburgHamburg 20146Germany

New high-resolution 3D seismic data image a submarine channel complex in the northern slope of the south china sea. The channel complex stretches hundreds of kilometers across the slope and flows into the deepsea.from the siliciclastic shelf margin, linking neritic environment to the pelagic plain. The evolution of the channel complex developed two sedimentary stages, stage Ⅰ （19.1-18.5 Ma） and stage Ⅱ （18.5-17.5 Ma）, separated by erosional surfaces. In the first stage, the complex was rifled with pure siliciclastic sediments, forming thick-massive sandstone intercalated by thin layers of mudstone. During the stage Ⅱ, the channel complex was deposited five carbonate-siliciclastic cycles. The unexpected channel-fifl carbonate deposits present allochthonous characteristics, suggesting the siliciclastic channel was surprisingly used to transport carbonate sediment from the adjacent neritic carbonate platform. By analyzing the periodical carbonate sedimentary process in the siliciclastic channel complex, we infer that it was related to the in situ carbonate production of the neritic carbonate platform and was most likely to be controlled by the relative sea.level changes. Unlike line-source carbonate slope aprons or smafl-sized carbonate channels, the large-sized siliciclastic channel complex links directly neritic carbonate platform to deepwater basin and can transport large volumes of neritic carbonates to the pelagic environment in a short period. The new findings help to estimate the contributions of neritie siliciclastic shelf and carbonate platform to deepwater slope more accurately. This study suggests that channel systems are more complex than expected and have significant implications on the conceptual models describing the deepwater sedimentary theory.

关键词： submarine channels mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits allochthonous carbonate sediment flux sedimentology south china sea.

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Filling History and Post-Breakup Acceleration of Sedimentation in Baiyun Sag, Deepwater Northern south china sea

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Journal of china University of Geosciences 2009年第1期20卷 160-171页

作者：周蒂孙珍廖杰赵忠贤何敏吴湘杰庞雄 Key Laboratory of Marginal sea.Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301 China Institute of Science and Technology Shenzhen Branch China National Offshore Oil CorporationGuangzhou 510420 China

The Baiyun （白云） sag in the southern Pearl River Mouth basin is the largest and deepest sag in deepwater northern south china sea. Resea.ches and exploration in this sag have revealed many distinct features of the sag. This article reports its Idling history through backstripping of depth data of interpreted sequence boundaries. Maps of sediment rates of 10 sequences from 49 Ma to the present were constructed, showing the spatio-temporal variation of the sediment rate. Three stages of sediment infilling, 49-17.5 Ma, 17.5-10.5 Ma, and 10.5-0 Ma, were divided by abrupt changes of sedimentary patterns. If the breakup of the south china sea.took place at -30 Ma, significant post-breakup acceleration of sedimentation was observed at 17.5-15.5 Ma and 13.8-12.5 Ma, indicating acceleration of subsidence at these times. We propose that the onset of strong post-breakup subsidence at ～17.5 Ma was an important tectonic event that changed the pattern of sedimentation from discrete and medium-rate deposition centers in both main and south subsags to restricted but high-rate deposition in the main subsag. The cause and implications of this newly recognized event need to be investigated.

关键词： falling history post-breakup acceleration of sedimentation Baiyun sag deepwater basin south china sea.

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Numerical Analysis and Simulation Experiment of Lithospheric Thermal Structures in the south china sea.and the Western Pacific

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Journal of china University of Geosciences 2009年第1期20卷 85-94页

作者：林舸彭美丽赵崇斌张露张德圣刘士林 Key Laboratory of Marginal sea.Geology Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Computational Geosciences Resea.ch Centre Central South UniversityChangsha 410083 China Centre for Earth Observation and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 China

The asthenosphere upwelled on a large scale in the western Pacific and south china sea.during the Cenozoic, which formed strong upward throughflow and caused the thermal structure to be changed obviously. The mathematical analysis has demonstrated that the upward throughflow velocity may have varied from 3×10^11 to 6×10^12 m/s. From the relationship between the lithospheric thickness and the conductive heat flux, the lithospheric heat flux in the western Pacific should be above 30 mW/m^2, which is consistent with the observed data. The huge low-speed zone within the upper mantle of the marginal sea.in the western Pacific reflects that the upper mantle melts partially, flows regionally in the regional stress field, forms the upward heat flux at its bottom, and causes the change of the lithospheric thermal structure in the region. The numerical simulation result of the expansion and evolution in the south china sea.has demonstrated that in the early expansion, the upward throughflow velocity was relatively fast, and the effect that it had on the thickness of the lithosphere was relatively great,resulting in the mid-ocean basin expanding rapidly. After the formation of the ocean basin in the south china sea. the upward throughflow velocity decreased, but the conductive heat flux was relatively high, which is close to the actual situation. Therefore, from the heat transfer point of view, this article discusses how the upward heat flux affects the lithospheric thermal structure in the western Pacific and south china sea. The conclusions show that the upward heat throughflow at the bottom of the lithospheric mantle resulted in the tectonic deformation at the shallow crust. The intensive uplifts and rifts at the crust led to the continent cracks and the expansion in the south china sea.

关键词： numerical analysis lithospheric thermal structure heat transfer south china sea.

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Characteristics of Clay Minerals in the Northern south china sea.and Its Implications for Evolution of East Asian Monsoon since Miocene

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Journal of china University of Geosciences 2008年第1期19卷 23-37页

作者：万世明李安春胥可辉尹学明 Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China School of Marine Science College of William & Mary Gloucester Pt VA 23062 USA

Clay mineral assemblages, crystallinity, chemistry, and micromorphology of clay particles in sediments from ODP Site 1146 in the northern south china sea.（SCS） were analyzed, and used to trace sediment sources and obtain proxy records of the past changes in the East Asian monsoon climate since the Miocene, based on a multi-approach, including X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry （SEM-EDS）. Clay minerals consist mainly of illite and smectite, with associated chlorite and kaolinite. The illite at ODP Site 1146 has very well-to-well crystallinity, and smectite has moderate-to-poor crystallinity. In SEM the smectite particles at ODP Site 1146 often appear cauliflower-like, a typical micromorphology of volcanic smecites. The smectite at ODP Site 1146 is relatively rich in Si element, but poor in Fe, very similar to the smectite from the West Philippine sea. In contrast, the chemical composition of illite at ODP Site 1146 has no obvious differences from those of the Loess plateau, Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Pearl River. A further study on sediment source indicates that smectite originates mainly from Luzon, kaolinite from the Pearl River, and illite and chlorite from the Pearl River, Taiwan and/or the Yangtze River. The clay mineral assemblages at ODP Site 1146 were not only controlled by continental eathering regimes surrounding the SCS, but also by the changing strength of the transport processes. The ratios of （illite＋chlorite）/smectite at ODP Site 1146 were adopted as proxies for the East Asian monsoon evolution. Relatively higher ratios reflect strongly intensified winter monsoon relative to summer monsoon, in contrast, lower ratios indicate a strengthened summer monsoon relative to winter monsoon. The consistent variation of this clay proxy from those of Loess plateau, eolian deposition in the North Pacific, planktonic, benthic foraminifera, and black carbon in the SCS since 20 Ma shows tha

关键词： clay mineral sediment source analysis East Asian monsoon Miocene south china sea.

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Preservation of Radiolarian Diversity and Abundance in Surface Sediments of the south china sea.and Its Environmental Implication

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Journal of china University of Geosciences 2008年第3期19卷 217-229页

作者：陈木宏张兰兰张丽丽向荣陆钧 Key Laboratory of Marginal sea.Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301 China

Quantitative analysis of radiolarian preservation in surface sediments from different regional environments of the south china sea.（SCS） is discussed in this article for illustrating their relationship. The results show that species diversity and abundance of radiolarian in the surface sediment increase with water depth, indicating no obvious dissolution of radiolarian shell in the deep SCS. Upwelling activity and volcanic eruption are both in favor of radiolarian propagation, and cause the settlement enrichment of radiolarian shell. Whereas, an abnormal reduced radiolarian fauna in deeper slope sediment may result from the remain of turbid flow that brings sediments from shallow area, such as shelf and upper slope. Radiolarian species are mainly composed of tropic-subtropic types, and include some cold or polar species, which indicates that a mistake in paleoceanographic analysis should arise from the monospecific index. However, synthesis radiolarian indexes in sediments may well respond to the ecologic and depositional environments in the SCS.

关键词： radiolarian preservation sedimentary distribution surface sediment south china sea.

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Links among Slope Morphology, Canyon Types and Tectonics on Passive and Active Margins in the Northernmost south china sea

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Journal of china University of Geosciences 2009年第1期20卷 77-84页

作者： Ho-Shing Yu Emmy T Y Chang Institute of Oceanography National Taiwan UniversityTaipei

We examine slope profile types and variations in slope gradient and slope refief with depth for both passive and active margins in the northern most south china sea. The passive south china margin is characterized by an exponential slope profile, mainly associated with clustered slope-confined canyons. The active Taiwan margin shows a linear-like shape with great variations along the lower slope. Fewer canyons occur on the Taiwan margin, and hence the influence of canyon incision on slope morphology is relatively less significant. Quantitative analyses of slope curvature, slope gradient and square root of relief variance are useful statistical parameters to explain characteristics and variability of morphology of the slope of the south china margin, but not for the Kaoping slope on the Taiwan side. On the active Taiwan margin, tectonic activities are dominant over sediment deposition and surface erosion, producing a slope profile quite different from those of passive margins of the Middle Atlantic, KwaZulu-Natal, south Africa where failure on slope and accompanying canyon incision are the dominant processes shaping the slope morphology.

关键词： slope morphology canyon statistical analysis continental margin south china sea.

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Taxonomic notes on Anthomedusae(Cnidaria) from the south-central south china sea.Ⅲ:Family Pandeidae

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Zoological Systematics 2020年第1期45卷 15-23页

作者： Lianggen Wang Feiyan Du Zhenzu Xu Jiaqi Huang Donghui Guo south china sea.Fisheries Resea.ch Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery ScienceGuangzhou 510300China Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510300China College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

The present paper reviews all 14 genera and 46 species belonging to the family Pandeidae from the china sea.. Two new species, Leuckartiara ruberiverruca Xu, Guo & Du, sp. nov. and Merga longicosta Xu, Huang & Wang, sp. nov., from the south-central south china sea. are described and illustrated. Keys to the known genera of family Pandeidae in the china sea. and to all known species of the genus Merga are provided. Other data are briefly summarized to the list of species presented in the family Pandeidae in the china sea.. The type species were deposited at the south china sea.Fisheries Resea.ch Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science.

关键词： Anthomedusae Pandeidae new species south china sea.

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Late Oligocene Sedimentary Hiatus in Deep sea.Area of south china sea. Result of Calcareous Nannofossils from ODP Site 1148

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Journal of china University of Geosciences 2004年第1期15卷 69-74页

作者： Su Xin Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Lithoprobing Technology, china University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, china State Pilot Laboratory of Coast & Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, china Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Lithoprobing Technology China University of Geosciences Ministry of Education Beijing 100083 China State Pilot Laboratory of Coast & Island Development Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

In order to determine the age of the sedimentary hiatus and its geological significance, a study of the calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy was carried out. Detailed stratigraphical data of the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene diagnostic species thus obtained. The nannofossil zonation of this interval was subdivided and the Oligocene-Miocene boundary was further determined. Several last Late Oligocene events were recognized, indicating a long-term sedimentary hiatus in the uppermost Upper Oligocene. The time span of the hiatus was estimated for about 2.2 Ma, at least from 23.9 to 26.1 Ma. The lithological and geophysical data from Site 1148 indicate some abrupt sedimentary changes that occurred below and above the hiatus. This hiatus at Site 1148 was probably related to the tectonic change, a major ridge jump during the sea.loor spreading in the Late Oligocene south china sea.

关键词： sedimentary hiatus calcareous nannofossils Late Oligocene ODP Site 1148 south china sea.

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Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from south china sea.Ⅲ： Family Rathkeidae and Zancleopsidae

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Zoological Systematics 2016年第4期41卷 392-403页

作者： Chunguang Wang Zhenzu Xu Jiaqi Huang Donghui Guo Mao Lin Zhen Xia Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Xiamen 361005 China College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep sea.Biology Hangzhou 310012 China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey China Geological Survey Guangzhou 510760 China

This study reviews all south china sea.species belonging to the families Rathkeidae and Zancleopsidae. Morphological characters of Lizzia blondina Forbes, 1848 （formerly recorded as Podocoryne/Hydractinia minuta）, L. gracilis （Mayer, 1900）, L. octostyla （Haeckel, 1879） and Podocorynoides minima （Trinci, 1903）（formerly recorded as Podocoryne/ Hydractinia minima） are redescribed. One new species, Zancleopsis oblongus Xu, Huang ＆ Wang, sp. nov. from south china sea. is described and illustrated. The keys to all medusa genera of Rathkeidae and Zancleopsidae and to all species of Zancleopsis are presented. The type specimen is deposited in the Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, china.

关键词： Lizzia Podocorynoides Zancleopsis new species south china sea.

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