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Two new species of Mesozoic tree ferns(Osmundaceae:Osmundacaulis)in Eurasia as evidence of long-term geographic isolation

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1875-1888页

作者： Yeming Cheng Fengxiang Liu Xiaonan Yang Tongxing Sun Department of Collection Management and Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology The Geological Museum of ChinaBeijing 100034China School of Marine and Biological Engineering Yancheng Teachers UniversityYancheng 224002China

The fossil trunks and rhizomes of Osmundaceae provide important information about its evolutionary history.Due to limited records of the Mesozoic trunks and rhizomes in the Eurasia of the Northern Hemisphere,our understanding on the fossil diversity of the Osmundaceae is hindered.Two new species of the Osmundaceae trunks,Osmundacaulis asiatica sp.***.and Osmundacaulis sinica sp.***.representing the first discovery of the Mesozoic tree fern genus Osmundacaulis in Eurasia,are described from Wudalianchi and Qiqihar,Heilongjiang Province,Northeast China,which enriches the plant diversity of the Osmundaceae in the Eurasia,and provides vital evidence for studying the distribution,radiation and evolution of the genus during the Cretaceous.The fossil records suggest that Osmundacaulis species may have evolved from a common ancestor,which first appeared in the Australian portion of Pangaea,and then spread to ancient northern North America and ancient East Asia.Since then,they developed into different species through their own evolutionary lines.The Chinese species have a special local feature that the outer cortex is thicker than the inner cortex,in contrast with reported Osmundacaulis species having thinner outer cortex and thicker inner cortex.Long-term geographic isolation may have led to the radiation of diverse Osmundacaulis species and the appearance of region-specific features,such as the thick outer cortex and the thin inner cortex of the Chinese species.Among all reported Osmundacaulis species,the two new species found in China,O.nerii from the Jurassic of Australia and the O.lemonii from the Jurassic of the USA,have special groups of mucilage-sacs inside sclerenchyma ring of petiole base.Mucilage sacs probably originated independently among taxonomic groups,representing convergent adaptations to similar habitats,rather than indicating genetic inheritance from a common ancestor.

关键词： Osmundacaulis Osmundaceae songliao basin Cretaceous Mucilage sacs Geographic isolation

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Geothermal distribution characteristics and sedimentary basin geothermal system in the severe cold region of Northeast China

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Applied Geophysics 2020年第3期17卷 321-337页

作者： Fan Zhen-Yu Xiong Sheng-Qing Yu Chang-Chun Zhang Gui-Bin Zhang Xin-Yong Hu Bin School of Geophysics and Information Technology China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China. China Aero Geophysical Survey&Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources Beijing 100083China. Key Laboratory of Airborne Geophysics&Remote Sensing Geology Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 10083China. Heilongjiang Provincial Ecological Geological Survey&Research Institute Heilongjiang 150030China

In this study,Shengli fault depression,Tangyuan fault basin,and northern songliao basin in Yitong‒Yilan fault zone of Heilongjiang province are considered the research areas for geothermal anomaly.Based on the temperature of the deep thermal reservoir,the hydrothermal fl uid channel,caprock thickness,and the mode of heat transfer,which are the main factors controlling the geothermal reservoir formation,we examined geothermal resource system of the underground HDR in this area.First,we inversed the aeromagnetic data,calculated the Curie isotherm depth,analyzed the geothermal distribution characteristics,and estimated the temperature of the deep heat source.Second,we applied the controlled source audio frequency magnetotelluric(CSAMT)and magnetotelluric(MT)methods to obtain the deep electrical structure of the study area.We determined the thickness of the caprock and the hydrothermal fluid channel.Finally,we obtained the borehole geothermal steady-state temperature measurement data and water sample chemical analysis data from the logging temperature curves of 24 wells to infer the mode of heat transfer.Based on the results,we built a model of the geothermal system of the sedimentary basin in this area.The results show that the depth of Curie isotherm in the study area is 17–39 km.The resistivity of sedimentary caprock in the north of songliao basin is low,and there exists a deep heat source,which is mainly thermal convection.In contrast,in Shengli and Tangyuan fault basins,heat conduction is dominant.Based on the geothermal system model,we conclude that the area from Daqing to Lindian in songliao basin has a thermal-convection-dominated sedimentary basin geothermal system.Heat exchange is realized by the upwelling of mantle-derived thermal materials through fracture channels.The thick sedimentary caprock reduces the heat loss.It can be a target for sustainable development and utilization of HDR.

关键词： songliao basin Curie isotherm geothermal system HDR

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Limits and grading evaluation criteria of tight oil reservoirs in typical continental basins of China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2021年第5期48卷 1089-1100页

作者： ZHOU Nengwu LU Shuangfang WANG Min HUANG Wenbiao XIAO Dianshi JIAO Chenxue WANG Jingming TIAN Weichao ZHOU Lei CHEN Fangwen LIU Wei WANG Zhixuan Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China

Based on the microscopic pore-throat characterization of typical continental tight reservoirs in China,such as sandstone of Cretaceous Qingshankou and Quantou formations in songliao basin,NE China sandy conglomerate of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu area and hybrid rock of Lucaogou Formation in Jimusaer sag of Junggar basin,NE China the theoretical lower limit,oil accumulation lower limit,effective flow lower limit and the upper limit of tight oil reservoirs were defined by water film thickness method,oil bearing occurrence method,oil testing productivity method and mechanical balance method,respectively.Cluster analysis method was used to compare the differences in pore-throat structure of different tight reservoirs,determine the grading criterion of tight reservoirs,and analyze its correlation with the limit of reservoir formation.The results show that the boundary between tight reservoir and conventional reservoir corresponds to the upper limit of physical properties,the boundary of classⅡand classⅢtight reservoirs corresponds to the lower limit of effective flow,the boundary of classⅢand classⅣtight reservoirs corresponds to the lower limit of reservoir forming,and the theoretical lower limit of tight reservoir corresponds to the boundary between tight reservoir and non-reservoir.Finally,the application results of the grading evaluation criterion show that the tight oil productivity is highly controlled by the type of tight reservoir,and classⅠand classⅡtight reservoirs are the favorable sections for high production of tight oil.

关键词： tight oil tight reservoir reservoir formation limit grading evaluation standard sweet spot evaluation songliao basin Junggar basin

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An experimental study on anisotropy of thermal conductivity in shale

能源地球科学(英文)

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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第4期4卷 71-80页

作者： Fang Xie Chuanqing Zhu Boning Tang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China

Thermal conductivity plays a crucial role in heat transfer and geothermal field distribution in the lithosphere.Understanding the anisotropy of thermal conductivity in shale and its influencing factors is significant for resource evaluation in shale oil and gas areas.In this study,the thermal conductivity of shales in the songliao and Sichuan basins was measured by laser scanning method.The relationship between thermal conductivity and mineral composition,burial depth and stratigraphy was analyzed to investigate the anisotropy of shale thermal conductivity and its influencing factors.The results show that the thermal conductivity of shale ranges from 1.000 to 2.500 W/(m·K)at different angles.The thermal conductivity of shale is positively correlated with the content of high thermal conductivity minerals such as quartz and increases with burial depth.The anisotropy index of shale thermal conductivity ranges from 0.96 to 2.40.As heat flows through multiple laminae,the interfacial thermal resistance and the influence of the medium cause a decrease in the shale thermal conductivity as the angle between the heat flow direction and the laminae increases.The insights obtained are of reference significance for the accurate modeling of the thermal properties of shale sequences and the study of the geothermal field in shale oil and gas areas.

关键词： Thermal conductivity Shale Anisotropy songliao basin Sichuan basin

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Microfacies of Deep-water Deposits and Forming Models of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling-SKII

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第6期81卷 1026-1032页

作者： CHENG Rihui WANG Guodong WANG Pujun GAO Youfeng College of Earth Sciences of Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130061

Extensive transgression of lake water occurred during the Cretaceous Qingshankou Stage and the Nengjiang Stage in the songliao basin, forming widespread deep-water deposits. Eleven types of microfacies of deep-water deposits have been recognized in the continuous core rocks from the SKII, including mudstone of still water, marlite, dolostone, off shale, volcanic ashes, turbidite, slump sediment, tempestite, seismite, ostracoda limestone and sparry carbonate, which are divided into two types： microfacies generated due to gradually changing environments （Ⅰ） and microfacies generated due to geological events （Ⅱ）. Type Ⅰ is composed of some special fine grain sediments such as marlite, dolomite stone and oil shale as well as mudstone and Type Ⅱ is composed of some sediments related to geological events, such as volcanic ashes, turbiditie, slump sediment, tempestite, seismite, ostracoda limestone. The formation of sparry carbonate may be controlled by factors related to both environments and events. Generally, mudstone sediments of still water can be regarded as background sediments, and the rest sediments are all event sediments, which have unique forming models, which may reflect controlling effects of climatics and tectonics.

关键词： Cretaceous deep-water deposit model of microfacies songliao basin SKII

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Exploring the first occurrence of Scincomorpha lizard from Nenjiang Formation(lower Campanian)of Jilin,Northeast China:a follow-up study

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Global Geology 2023年第4期26卷 199-210页

作者： MUHAMMAD Hassan WU Wenhao YANG Jinyue College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China Research Centre of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy College of Earth SciencesJilin UniversityChangchun 130026China Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China Core and Sample Center of Natural Resources China Geological SurveySanhe 065201HebeiChina

In a region where lizard fossils are rare,this study explores a groundbreaking discovery of squamate lizard materials from the upper part of Nenjiang Formation(early Campanian)in Jilin Province,Northeast China.Despite the fragmentary nature of the dentaries,they exhibit distinct tooth morphological characteristics of squamate lizards,suggesting insectivorous and omnivorous diets for these small reptiles.This finding not only represents a significant addition to the squamate lizard fossil records from the Late Cre-taceous in Northeast China but also contributes to our understanding of the paleogeographic distribution of squamate lizards.Furthermore,it sheds new light on the terrestrial vertebrate fauna of the Cretaceous songliao basin.

关键词： squamates Late Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation songliao basin

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Burial History and Petroleum Entrapment in the Yaoyingtai Region of the Changling Fault Depression, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第6期91卷 2230-2242页

作者： YANG Guang LIU Changli FAN Jiarui CHEN Peng College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Dalian Branch China Railway No.9 group Co.Ltd. D&P Technology Research Institute Petro China Liaohe Oilfield Company

This work aims to reconstruct the burial history of various kinds of sandstones penetrated by the well YS201 in the Yaoyingtai region of the Changling Fault Depression, southern songliao basin, China. Analyses of fluid inclusions in the reservoir rocks, combined with a review of the regional tectonic evolution, revealed the hydrocarbon accumulation stage and accumulation age of the Early Cretaceous Denglouku group and the first member of the Quantou group reservoir, which are the future exploration focus for deep gas reservoirs in this region. Acoustic time data and sedimentary rates calculated for sediments in the YS201 well yielded thicknesses for the Yingcheng, Nenjiang, and Mingshui groups of 506, 539.18, and 144.85 m, respectively, thereby revealing the burial history of the sediments in the well. Fluid inclusions of the Denglouku group reservoir and the first member of the Quantou group reservoir contain oil inclusions and hydro-carbonaceous salt water inclusions. The main peaks of the homogenization temperature and salinity of these saltwater inclusions in the first member of the Quantou group reservoir are generally 110-120℃ and 6wt%-8wt%, respectively, and for the Denglouku group are 130-140oc and 4wt%-6wt%. The data for both reservoirs show only one main peak, indicating that they both have experienced single-stage accumulation. Combining the homogenization temperature of the reservoir fluid inclusions with the burial and thermal history of the sediments in the YS201 well, we infer that the hydrocarbon gas in these two intervals accumulated at 79 Ma （middle Late Cretaceous）.

关键词： songliao basin Yaoyingtai region reservoir fluid inclusion denudation thickness,accumulation stage accumulation age

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Successor Characteristics of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic songliao basins

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第3期82卷 622-628页

作者： LI Zhongquan Timothy KUSKY YING Danlinl GUO Xiaoyu LI Hongkui State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu Sichuan 610059 China Saint Louis University St. Louis MO 63103 USA Southwest Oil-Gas Field Company Chengdu Sichuan 610051 China

The songliao basin is a complex successor basin that was initiated in the Mesozoic and experienced multiple periods of reactivation. Based on seismic and drilling data, as well as regional geologic research, we suggest that the songliao basin contains several different successor basins resting on top of Carboniferous-Permian folded strata forming the basement to the songliao basin. These basins include the Triassic-Mid Jurassic Paleo-foreland basin, the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous downfaulted basin, and an early Cretaceous depressed basin （since the Denglouku Group）. This paper presents a systematic study of the basin-mountain interactions, and reveals that there are different types of prototype basin at different geologic times. These prototype basins sequentially superimposed and formed the large songliao basin. Discovery of the Triassic-early Middle Jurassic paleo-foreland basin fills a Triassic-early Middle Jurassic gap in the geologic history of the songliao basin. The paleo- foreland basin, downfaulted basin, and depressed thermal subsidence basin all together represent the whole Mesozoic-Cenozoic geologic history and deformation of the songliao basin. Discovery of the Triassic-early Middle Jurassic paleo-foreland basin plays an important role both for deep natural gas exploration and the study of basin-mountain coupling in north China and eastern China in general. This example gives dramatic evidence that we should give much more attention to the polyphase tectonic evolution of related basins for the next phase of exploration and study.

关键词： Mesozoic-Cenozoic songliao basin Paleo-foreland basin successor basin

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Progress of Deep Geological Survey Project under the China Geological Survey

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China Geology 2020年第1期3卷 153-172页

作者： Qing-tian Lü Jia-yong Yan Xuan-hua Chen He-sheng Hou Wen-shi Wang Yu-le Hu Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China SinoProbe Center Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China Institute of Exploration Technique Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesNanchang 330013China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China

Serving as a way to understand the material composition,structure,and dynamic process of the Earth's interior,deep earth exploration is driven by not only mankind's pursuit of natural mysteries but also mankind's basic need to obtain resources and guarantee economic and social development.The first phase of deep earth exploration of China(SinoProbe)was carried out from 2008 to 2016 and tremendous results were achieved.In 2016,the China Geological Survey launched a Deep Geological Survey Project(also referred to as the Project)to continuously explore the deep Earth.Focusing on the national energy resources strategy,the Belt and Road Initiative,and major basic issues of the geological survey,the Project was carried out in songliao basin(an important energy base in China)and major geological boundaries and tectonic units including Qilian Mountains-Tianshan Mountains and Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture belt.The purpose of it is to reveal the process,structure,and forming patterns of the deep ore deposits and petroleum reservoirs,clarify the evolutionary pattern and controlling factors of Mesozoic environmental climate,and discover deep fine structures of key orogens,basins,and mountains by comprehensive geophysical exploration and scientific drilling.Great achievements have been obtained after more than three years of efforts,including a cumulative 1552 km of deep seismic reflection profiles and magnetotelluric profiles,an ultra-deep continental scientific crilling well,a scientific drilling pilot hole,and a magnetotelluric array and a portable broadband seismic array,both of which cover South China.Moreover,significant progress has been made in ultra-deep drilling technology,deep oil and gas discovery in songliao basin,and basic geological issues of Qilian Orogen and Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture belt in South China,greatly accelerating the deep earth exploration in China and further consolidating China's position as a power in deep earth exploration.

关键词： Deep geological survey Deep oil and gas discovery Ultra-deep scientific drilling technology Songke No.2 well Qilian Mountains-Tianshan Mountains Qinzhou-Hangzhou juncture belt songliao basin China

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Preface to the special issue on seismic array analysis and CEArray

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Earthquake Science 2011年第1期24卷 1-2页

作者： Fenglin Niu Department of Earth Science Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA

A seismic array is a set of seismographs being arranged in a regular geometric pattern to improve signal- to-noise ratio （SNR）. Seismic arrays at various length scales have been introduced since early 1960s and have been proved to be superior to single three-component stations for detecting and characterizing signals from earthquakes and explosions. The better detection capability of arrays is achieved with a so-called ＂beamforming＂ technique, which suppress noises while preserving signals, thus enhancing SNR. The ＂beamforming＂ technique also estimates the wave vector, i.e.,

关键词： Wenchuan Earthquake Slip Rate Seismic Network songliao basin Seismic Array

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