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solid state fermentation of rapeseed cake with Aspergillus niger for degrading glucosinolates and upgrading nutritional value

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第3期6卷 340-346页

作者： Changyou Shi Jun He Jie Yu Bing Yu Zhiqing Huang Xiangbing Mao Ping Zheng Daiwen Chen Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University

Background： Rapeseed cake is a good source of protein for animal feed but its utilization is limited due to the presence of anti-nutritional substances, such as glucosinolates （GIs）, phytic acid, tannins etc. In the present study, a solid state fermentation （SSF） using Aspergillus niger was carried out with the purpose of degrading glucosinolates and improving the nutritional quality of rapeseed cake （RSC）. The effects of medium composition and incubation conditions on the GIs content in fermented rapeseed cake （FRSC） were investigated, and chemical composition and amino acid in vitro digestibility of RSC substrate fermented under optimal conditions were determined. Results： After 72 h of incubation at 34℃, a 76.89% decrease in GIs of RSC was obtained in solid medium containing 70% RSC, 30% wheat bran at optimal moisture content 60% （w/w）. Compared to unfermented RSC, trichloroacetic acid soluble protein （TCA-SP）, crude protein and ether extract contents of the FRSC were increased （P〈 0.05） 103.71, 23.02 and 23.54%, respectively. As expected, the contents of NDF and phytic acid declined （P〈 0.05） by 9.12 and 44.60%, respectively. Total amino acids （TAA） and essential amino acids （EAA） contents as well as AA in vitro digestibility of FRSC were improved significantly （P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, the enzyme activity of endoglucanase, xylanase, acid protease and phytase were increased （P 〈 0.05） during SSF. Conclusions： Our results indicate that the solid state fermentation offers an effective approach to improving the quality of proteins sources such as rapeseed cake.

关键词： Aspergillus niger Glucosinolates Nutritional value Rapeseed cake solid state fermentation

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Utilization of winery wastes for Trichoderma viride biocontrol agent production by solid state fermentation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第3期20卷 353-358页

作者： BAI Zhihui JIN Bo LI Yuejie CHEN Jian LI Zuming School of Earth and Environmental Science University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Wastewater Research Unit South Australian Water Cooperation Bolivar SA 5110 Australia Environmental Protection Bureau of Shifiazhuang City Shijiazhuang 050021 China Teacher＇s College of Beijing Union University Beijing 100011 China

Biocontrol agents are safe and environmental friendly alternatives for pesticides in agriculture application. Trichoderma viride WEBL0703 performed a high level of antagonistic activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens and was determined as a biocontrol agent, which was produced by solid state fermentation using grape marc and wine lees. The maximum yield of T. viride conidia was up to 6.65 × 10^9 CFU/g initial dry substrate （IDS） after 10 d fermentation. As important enzymes for protecting plants from disease, chitinase, β-glucanase, and pectinase yields were 47.8 U/g IDS, 8.32 U/g IDS and 9.83 U/g IDS, respectively. These results show that it is feasible to convert winery wastes to a value-added and environmental friendly biocontrol agent.

关键词： grape marc wine lees biocontrol agent Trichoderrna viride solid state fermentation

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Biological pretreatment of corn stover by solid state fermentation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 146-151页

作者： Jian ZHANG Xin REN Wenqun CHEN Jie BAO state Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Biological pretreatment is a promising way to overcome the biorecalcitrance of cleaving the super- molecular structure of lignocellulose by lignin degrading enzymes from microorganisms. solid state fermentation of corn stover with the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was carried out and the efficiency of this pretreatment was evaluated. The enzymatic hydrolysis yield reached a maximum when the corn stover was biologically pretreated for nine days, and the hydrolysis yield decreased sharply if the solid state fermentation was carried out for more than nine days. A possible explanation for this sharp decrease is that not only the lignin degrading enzymes （LiP and MnP） were secreted, but also other metabolites, which were toxic or fatal to the hydrolysis enzymes resulting in the lower hydrolysis yield were generated during the prolonged period of biopretreatment. These results are usefuI to help determine the optimal timing and to understand the lignin structure and degradation mechanism in biological pretreatment processes.

关键词： biological pretreatment Phanerochaete chry- sosporium solid state fermentation biorecalcitrance hydrolysis yield

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Paddy Husk as Support for solid state fermentation to Produce Xylanase from Bacillus pumilus

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Rice science 2011年第1期18卷 36-45页

作者： Ranganathan KAPILAN Vasanthy ARASARATNAM Department of Botany Faculty of Science Thirunelvely University of Jaffna Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine University of Jaffna

To optimize culture conditions for xylanase production by solid state fermentation （SSF） using Bacillus pumilus, with paddy husk as support, solid medium contained 200 g of paddy husk with 800 mL of liquid fermentation medium [xylan, 20.0 g/L; peptone, 2.0 g/L; yeast extract, 2.5 g/L; K2HPO4, 2.5 g/L; KH2PO4, 1.0 g/L; NaCl, 0.1 g/L; （NH4）2SO4, 2.0 g/L, CaCl2-2H2O, 0.005 g/L; MgCl2.6H2O, 0.005 g/L; and FeCI3, 0.005 g/L] at pH 9.0 was applied. The highest xylanase activity （142.0 ±0.47 U/g DM] was obtained on the 6th day at 30℃ The optimized paddy husk to liquid fermentation medium ratio was 2：9, and the optimized culture temperature was 40℃. When commercial Birchwood xylan was replaced with different concentrations of corncob, xylanase production was maximized （224.2 U/g DM） in the medium with 150 g/L corncob. Xylanase production was increased by sucrose, fructose and arabinose, whereas reduced by glucose, galactose, lactose and amylose. When organic nitrogen sources were replaced with locally available nitrogen sources such as groundnut powder or sesame seedcake powder or coconut seedcake powder or soy meal powder, the highest xylanase production （290.7 U/g DM） was obtained in the medium with soy meal powder and 16.0 g/L of soy meal powder was the optimum （326.5±0.34 U/g DM）. Based on the optimization studies, B. pumilus produced 2.3 times higher xylanase activity. The medium cost was reduced from 2 458.3 to 178.3 SLR/kg and the total activity which could be obtained from 1 kg of the medium was increased from 48 624 to 220 253 Units.

关键词： Bacillus pumilus solid state fermentation xylanase paddy husk xylan corncob soymeal

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Manganese peroxidase production from cassava residue by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in solid state fermentation and its decolorization of indigo carmine

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2015年第1期23卷 227-233页

作者：李慧星张瑞景唐蕾张建华毛忠贵 The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Nanyang Institute of Technology

Bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to higher value products through fungal fermentation has economic and ecological benefits. In this study, to develop an effective strategy for production of manganese peroxidase(Mn P)from cassava residue by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in solid state fermentation, the stimulators of Mn P production were screened and their concentrations were optimized by one-at-a-time experiment and Box–Behnken design. The maximum Mn P activity of 186.38 nkat·g-1dry mass of the sample was achieved after 6 days of fermentation with the supplement of 79.5 mmol·L-1·kg-1acetic acid, 3.21 ml·kg-1soybean oil, and 28.5 g·kg-1alkaline lignin, indicating that cassava residue is a promising substrate for Mn P production in solid state fermentation. Meanwhile, in vitro decolorization of indigo carmine by the crude Mn P was also carried out, attaining the ratio of 90.18% after 6 h of incubation. An oxidative mechanism of indigo carmine decolorization by Mn P was proposed based on the analysis of intermediate metabolites with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Using the crude Mn P produced from cassava residue for indigo carmine decolorization gives an effective approach to treat dyeing effluents.

关键词： Cassava residue Manganese peroxidase Phanerochaete chrysosporium solid state fermentation Indigo carmine

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Multi-enzymes Production Studies in Single Tray solid state fermentation with Opened and Closed System

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Journal of Life Sciences 2016年第7期10卷 342-356页

作者： Musaalbakri Abdul Manan Colin Webb Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Persiaran MARDI-UPM 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom

The robustness ofA. awamori and A. oryzae as enzyme producers is exploited in fungal fermentation on agricultural solid waste. High-level production of extracellular glucoamylase, protease, cellulase and xylanase has been achieved. Three different types of ＇waste＇ solids （wheat bran, soybean hulls and rapeseed meal） have been used in studies of solid state fermentation （SSF）. The enzymes could be produced in significant levels by continuously supplying oxygen （02） through the tray system known as ＂closed＂ and ＂opened＂ tray systems. A perforated tray system was developed in this study that permits direct access to 02. Testing the tray system with different perforated mesh aperture sizes in this study did not yield different results in growth performance of A. awamori and A. oryzae. A. awamori and A. oryzae can be very versatile in producing various enzymes with different substrates with different starch, protein, hemiceilulose and cellulose contents. These studies indicate that A. awamori is more suitable for the efficient production of multiple enzymes in the closed system including xylanase and cellulase, while the production of glucoamylase and protease is superior in the opened system. A. oryzae is more suitable for the efficient production of protease and cellulase in the closed system, while the production of protease is more favourable the opened system. A. awamori efficiently consumed starch in wheat bran medium and produced very high glucoamylase activity, and after that, the fungus efficiently produced other enzymes to degrade other complex nutrients such as protein, hemicellulose and cellulose. Meanwhile, A. oryzae efficiently consumed protein in rapeseed meal and produced very high protease activity. The ability of both filamentous fungi, to convert biomass through SSF bioconversion will have a great impact on food and agro-industry in every aspect of life from food and medicine to fuel.

关键词： Tray system solid state fermentation Aspergillus awamori Aspergillus oryzae glucoamylase protease xylanase cellulase.

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Optimization of solid state fermentation Conditions Using a Mixture of Bean Curd Residue and Marc with Bacillus natto

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2011年第4期12卷 474-476,519页

作者： ZHANG Hong LUO Yong-quan HUANG Zhi-bing XU Yang LIU Yu-fang state Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Sino-German Joint Research Institute Nanchang University Nanchang 330047

[Objective] The aim was to optimize the appropriate solid state fermentation(SSF)conditions.[Method] The optimization of solid state fermentation using a mixture substrate of bean curd residue and the marc with Bacillus natto was developed.[Result] The best fermentation condition optimized by the test of single factor and the orthogonal design respectively was mixing ratio of bean curd residue to marc 2∶1,substrate pH value 6,fermentation temperature 39 ℃,inoculum volume 10% and fermentation time 48 *** this optimized fermentation condition,the content of crude fiber in the substrate decreased from 107.8 mg/g before SSF to 56.2 mg/g after SSF,and the degeneration rate of crude fiber was 47.87%.[Conclusion] The bean curd residue in its palatability was enormously improved by SSF with Bacillus natto strain,which could be expected to be widely used as raw material of health foodstuff.

关键词： Bacillus natto Bean curd residue Marc solid state fermentation

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Pool of Biological Resources for Potential Applications in solid state fermentation Obtained from a Forest Plantation of Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl, Mexico

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第14期6卷 1021-1039页

作者： E. Rodríguez-Bustamante E. Rodríguez-Flores F. Rojas-García A. S. Callejas-Iberri L. M. Gallardo-Roldán S. Gómez-Manzo J. Marcial-Quino M. L. Macías-Rubalcava F. Lazcano-Pérez R. Arreguín-Espinosa Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas Instituto de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City México Departamento de Inmunología Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City México Programa Mexicano del Carbono Texcoco México Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética Instituto Nacional de Pediatría Secretaría de Salud Mexico City México CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría Secretaría de Salud Mexico City México Departamento de Productos Naturales Instituto de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City México

A forest plantation, product of the reforestation of pine trees, represented a pool of biological resources for the implementation of a solid state fermentation process. The trees were identified as Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl from which lignocellulosic material in the form of pine needles was collected. Soil fungi, responsible for plant litter decomposition, were cultured at laboratory conditions and tested for their ability to grow on cellulose and hemicellulose as the sole carbon sources. A fungal strain, belonging to the genus Penicillium, was selected for growing it on pine needles as the substrate in a solid state culture. After following the culture for six days, the newly isolated strain exhibited a much higher capacity for spore production and holocellulose degradation, compared to a purchased strain of Penicillium chrysogenum and two control conditions. This work marks the beginning of future studies focused on commercial applications and represents the first report of a biotechnological process based on pine needles and their degradation by an ascomycetes species belonging to the genus Penicillium.

关键词： Forest Plantation solid state fermentation Lignocellulosic Material Pine Needles Plant Litter Decomposition Soil Fungi

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Production of Amylase Enzyme through solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2010年第11期4卷 23-26页

作者： Sharifah Soplah Syed Abdullah Zuriani Randeran Mohd Azizan Mohd Noor Department of BioEngineering Technology University Kuala Lumpur-MICET Alor Gajah 78000 Melaka Malaysia

Traditionally, coconut dregs will be used as animal feed after the extraction of coconut oil and coconut milk from the copra. This study was carried out to discover the commercial value of coconut dregs as a solid substrate in the production of amylase through solid state fermentation （SSF） since this agro-waste is fairly rich in nutrients, providing the necessary nutrients supplementation for better microbial activity to produce enzymes. In this study, amylase is to be produced from coconut dregs by Aspergillus niger through solid state fermentation （SSF）. Three parameters were covered, which are incubation time, initial moisture content of substrate and inoculum sizes. SSF was carried out by using incubator at 37 ~C to test for enzyme activity at these following parameters： incubation time： 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours; substrate moisture content： 64, 66, 68, 70 and 72% （w/w）; inoculum sizes： 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mL spore suspension （5.5 × 10^6 spores/mL）. Enzyme activities were measured through the estimation of liberated reducing sugars after the assay of amylase enzyme by using DNS （3, 5 dinitrosalicylic acid） method. Highest enzyme activities were obtained at these following parameters： incubation time： 72 hours （31.76 U/gds）; initial moisture content ofsubstrate： 66% （26.66 U / gds） and inoculum sizes： 2.0 mL （30.56 U/gds）.

关键词： Amylase solid state fermentation Aspergillus niger.

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Mechanism of solid state fermentation in Reducing Free Gossypol in Cottonseed Meal and the Effects on the Growth of Broiler Chickens

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2022年第1期23卷 17-23页

作者： ZHAO Jie-yu MEI Jia-jia QIN Fei WEI Tao College of Biochemical Engineering Beijing Union UniversityBeijing 100023PRC

[Objective] This study aims to reduce the free gossypol(FG) and improve utilization rate of cottonseed meal(CSM) by solid state fermentation(SSF). [Method]Bacillus subtilis GJ00141 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae GJ00079 were applied for the SSF and the optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt, moisture content, inoculum level, fermentation temperature, and fermentation time were investigated. The detoxifying effects of different products of GJ00141 were examined with gossypol as substrate. A total of 90 one-day-old broilers were randomized into group A [control, basal diet with 36% soybean meal(SM)], group B(basal diet with 18% SM and 18% CSM), and group C [basal diet with 18% SM and 18% fermented CSM(FCSM)] and thereby the influence of FCSM on the growth of broilers was explored. [Results] The maximum reduction rate(59%) of FG was achieved under the following fermentation conditions: solid medium composed of 96% CSM, 1%glucose, 1% ammonium sulfate, and 2% corn grits, 45% moisture content, 20%inoculum, fermentation at 30 °C for 60 h. Both the viable and inactivated cells of GJ00141 can reduce the content of gossypol, but the reduction rates were only about 20% after 72 h of incubation. Cellular contents and supernatant demonstrated strong detoxifying activity, which achieved the reduction rates of about 95% after 48 h, and the removal was free from the influence of proteinase K, heat, or EDTA. In the 42 d feeding experiment on broilers, the ratios of feed to gain were insignificantly different between the group C and group A. [Conclusion] This method achieved high rate of removing FG in CSM. The reason was the likelihood that the stable compounds in the cellular contents and supernatant of GJ00141 adsorb or bind to FG. Broilers grew well with the FCSM. Thus, it was an efficient detoxifying method for CSM.

关键词： Cottonseed meal solid state fermentation Free gossypol Bacillus subtilis Mechanism

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