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Nano Research 2024年第1期17卷 407-415页

作者： Yumei Ma Lijie Zhang Kang Zhu Binze Zhang Ranran Peng Changrong Xia Ling Huang State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of ChemistryXinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Promoting the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is critical for commercialization of intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(IT-SOFCs),where Sr_(2)Fe_(1.5)Mo_(0.5)O_(6)−δ(SFM)is a promising cathode by working as a mixed ionic and electronic conductor.In this work,doping of In^(3+)greatly increases the oxygen vacancy concentration and the content of adsorbed oxygen species in Sr_(2)Fe_(1.5)Mo_(0.5−x)InxO_(6−δ)(SFMInx),and thus effectively promotes the ORR performance.As a typical example,SFMIn_(0.1)reduces the polarization resistance(R_(p))from 0.089 to 0.046Ω∙cm^(2)at 800°C,which is superior to those doped with other metal elements.In addition,SFMIn0.1 increases the peak power density from 0.92 to 1.47 W∙cm^(−2)at 800°C with humidified H_(2)as the fuel,indicating that In3+doping at the Mo site can effectively improve the performance of SOFC cathode material.

关键词： solid oxide fuel cell cathode In3+doping oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) Sr_(2)Fe_(1.5)Mo_(0.5)O_(6-δ)

Status and progress of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell: Towards large-scale manufactory and practical applications

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Energy Reviews 2024年第1期3卷 1-23页

作者： Haoran Xu Yu Han Jing Zhu Meng Ni Zhen Yao State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University38 Zheda RoadHangzhou310027China Department of Building and Real Estate Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development(RISUD)&Research Institute for Smart Energy(RISE)Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina Fakultät für Physik Universität BielefeldUniversitätsstr.2533615BielefeldGermany

Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells(MS-SOFCs)own advantages of high performance,fast start-up,thermal cycle stability,easy sealing,and reduced material cost.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the development of MS-SOFCs,particularly with respect to improved electrochemical performance,long-term stability,and industrial production.Previous studies have mainly focused on stainless steel-based MS-SOFCs,with an emphasis on the development of low-temperature preparation processes,antioxidant coatings,stable electrodes,and the direct utilization of hydrocarbon fuels.Notably,Ceres Power and GE have successfully commercialized MS-SOFCs and have constant cooperated with several institutions and companies,such as Jülich Research Center,Weichai and Cummins,to promote the performance and expand the market of MS-SOFC.Looking ahead,this review paper provides an outlook on future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.

关键词： Metal support solid oxide fuel cell High performance Long-term stability

Highly dense and ultrathin gadolinia-doped ceria interlayer for enhanced performance of large-area anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2023年第5期33卷 733-741页

作者： Sang Woo Shin Amjad Hussain Muhammad Zubair Khan Dong Woo Joh Tak-Hyung Lim Seung-Bok Lee Jong-Eun Hong Joon Hyung Shim Rak-Hyun Song Hydrogen Energy Research Division Korea Institute of Energy Research Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea University Department of Advanced Energy and System Engineering Korea University of Science and Technology(UST) 4. Department of Materials Science & Engineering Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology

The fabrication of a highly dense and ultrathin Gd doped ceria(GDC) interlayer on a large-area, porous electrolyte-coated planar anode support using vacuum slurry coating is studied for application in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs). The electrolyte-coated planar anode support body is fabricated by tape casting and pre-sintering is performed at 1100, 1150, and 1200°C. The GDC interlayer is coated onto the pre-sintered electrolyte-coated anode support using a vacuum slurry coating process with different immersion times(30–60 s). A highly dense and ultrathin GDC interlayer with a thickness of 1.48 μm is produced after co-sintering at 1400°C. The 1200°C pre-sintered electrolyte-coated anode support showed a thin and highly dense GDC interlayer which is attributed to a lower shrinkage difference between the coated GDC interlayer and pre-sintered body. The electrochemical performance of a vacuum slurry-coated GDC interlayer cell is 38 % higher compared to that of the screen-printed GDC-coated cell at 700°C due to the greatly reduced Ohmic and electrode polarization resistances. The considerable improvement in the performance is attributed to the ultrahigh GDC density which has prevented the secondary phase formation between the cathode and electrolyte. This study presents the economical, scalable, and reproducible process for the fabrication of highly robust GDC interlayer for the large-area planar anode-supported SOFCs.

关键词： GDC interlayer Performance Sintering solid oxide fuel cell Vacuum slurry coating

Application of Ejector in solid oxide fuel cell Anode Circulation System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第3期31卷 634-649页

作者： LI Dongdong ZHAO Hongxia KONG Fanchen ZHANG Guanmin School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong UniversityJi’nan250061China

As a new generation fuel cell,solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)has become a hot spot in the industry due to its unique advantages.In order to improve energy utilization and prevent carbon deposition in the reformer,the ejector is usually used to recover the cell anode exhaust.In this paper,the applications related to ejector in SOFC are reviewed,including the ejector design and optimization methods,the ejector performance verification experiment and the performance of ejector in SOFC systems.Besides,in order to adapt to the wide power output characteristics of the stack,a study on extending the working range of the ejector is also introduced.On the one hand,the theory of optimal design of ejector used in SOFC system is obtained,including the influence of main structure parameters of ejector on the performance of the whole system and the theoretical model of performance monitoring of ejector used in SOFC.On the other hand,it is proved that the ejector used in SOFC power system can prevent the occurrence of carbon deposition problems,while the recovery of exhaust heat can improve the energy utilization of the system.Finally,suggestions for future related research work are given,aiming to promote the ejector-based SOFC system to provide higher and more stable performance in the future.

关键词： ejector solid oxide fuel cell gas circulation application

solid oxide fuel cell interconnect design optimization considering the thermal stresses

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Science Bulletin 2016年第17期61卷 1333-1344页

作者： Min Xu Tingshuai Li Ming Yang Martin Andersson School of Energy Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Department of Energy Sciences Faculty of EngineeringLund University

The mechanical failure of solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) components may cause cracks with consequences such as gas leakage,structure instability and reduction of cell lifetime.A comprehensive 3D model of the thermal stresses of an anode-supported planar SOFC is presented in this work.The main objective of this paper is to get an interconnect optimized design by evaluating the thermal stresses of an anode-supported SOFC for different designs,which would be a new criterion for interconnect design.The model incorporates the momentum,mass,heat,ion and electron transport,as well as steady-state mechanics.Heat from methane steam reforming and water-gas shift reaction were considered in our model.The results examine the relationship between the interconnect structures and thermal stresses in SOFC at certain mechanical properties.A wider interconnect of the anode side lowers the stress obviously.The simulation results also indicate that thermal stress of coflow design is smaller than that of counterflow,corresponding to the temperature distribution.This study shows that it is possible to design interconnects for an optimum thermal stress performance of the cell.

关键词： solid oxide fuel cell Thermal stresses Interconnect Optimization Finite element method

Energetic, economic, and environmental analysis of solid oxide fuel cell-based combined cooling, heating, and power system for cancer care hospital

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Building Simulation 2022年第8期15卷 1437-1454页

作者： Ahmad K.Sleiti Wahib AAl-Ammari Raiha Arshad Tarek EI Mekkawy Department of Mechanical&Industrial Engineering College of EngineeringQatar UniversityDohaQatar

In this study,energetic,economic,and environmental analysis of solid oxide fuel cell-based combined cooling,heating,and power(SOFC-CCHP)system is proposed for a cancer care hospital building.The energy required for the hospital power,cooling,and heating demands was obtained based on real and detailed field data,which could serve as a reference for future works in the field.These data with a 3D model for the hospital building are constructed and created in eQUEST software to precisely calculate the energy demands of the existing system(baseline case).Then,energetic,economic,and environmental models were developed to compare and assess the performance of the proposed SOFC-CCHP system.The results show that the proposed system can cover about 49% to 77% of the power demand of the hospital with an overall efficiency of 78.3%.Also,the results show that the levelized cost of electricity of the system and its payback period at the designed capacity of the SOFC is 0.087S/kWh and 10 years,respectively.Furthermore,compared to the baseline system of the hospital,the SOFC-CCHP reduces the CO_(2) emission by 89% over the year.The sensitivity analysis showed that a maximum SOFC efficiency of 52%and overall efficiency of 80%are achieved at cell operating temperature of 1027℃ and fuel utilization factor of 0.85.

关键词： combined cooling,heating,and power solid oxide fuel cell hospital power demand CO_(2)emissions levelized cost of electricity(LCOE)

Comprehensive summary of solid oxide fuel cell control:a state-of-the-art review

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2022年第1期7卷 523-553页

作者： Bo Yang Yulin Li Jiale Li Hongchun Shu Xinyu Zhao Yaxing Ren Qiang Li Faculty of Electric Power Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China School of Management and Economics Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China Warwick Manufacturing Group University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK China Southern Power Grid EHV Transmission Company DaliChina.

Hydrogen energy is a promising renewable resource for the sustainable development of society.As a key member of the fuel cell(FC)family,the solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)has attracted a lot of attention because of characteristics such as having various sources as fuel and high energy conversion efficiency,and being pollution-free.SOFC is a highly coupled,nonlinear,and multivariable complex system,and thus it is very important to design an appropriate control strategy for an SOFC system to ensure its safe,reliable,and efficient operation.This paper undertakes a comprehen-sive review and detailed summary of the state-of-the-art control approaches of SOFC.These approaches are divided into eight categories of control:proportional integral differential(PID),adaptive(APC),robust,model predictive(MPC),fuzzy logic(FLC),fault-tolerant(FTC),intelligent and observer-based.The SOFC control approaches are carefully evalu-ated in terms of objective,design,application/scenario,robustness,complexity,and accuracy.Finally,five perspectives are proposed for future research directions.

关键词： solid oxide fuel cell Control Hydrogen energy Artificial intelligence

Temperature Gradient Analyses of a Tubular solid oxide fuel cell fueled by Methanol

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2023年第1期29卷 14-30页

作者： Qidong Xu Meiting Guo Lingchao Xia Zheng Li Qijiao He Dongqi Zhao Keqing Zheng Meng Ni Department of Building and Real Estate Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development(RISUD)&Research Institute for Smart Energy(RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China School of Artifi cial Intelligence and Automation Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent ControlHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

Thermal management in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFC)is a critical issue due to non-uniform electrochemical reactions and convective fl ows within the cells.Therefore,a 2D mathematical model is established herein to investigate the thermal responses of a tubular methanol-fueled SOFC.Results show that unlike the low-temperature condition of 873 K,where the peak temperature gradient occurs at the cell center,it appears near the fuel inlet at 1073 K because of the rapid temperature rise induced by the elevated current density.Despite the large heat convection capacity,excessive air could not eff ectively eliminate the harmful temperature gradient caused by the large current density.Thus,optimal control of the current density by properly selecting the operating potential could generate a local thermal neutral state.Interestingly,the maximum axial temperature gradient could be reduced by about 18%at 973 K and 20%at 1073 K when the air with a 5 K higher temperature is supplied.Additionally,despite the higher electrochemical performance observed,the cell with a counter-fl ow arrange-ment featured by a larger hot area and higher maximum temperature gradients is not preferable for a ceramic SOFC system considering thermal durability.Overall,this study could provide insightful thermal information for the operating condition selection,structure design,and stability assessment of realistic SOFCs combined with their internal reforming process.

关键词： solid oxide fuel cell Modeling Methanol fuel Temperature gradient Internal reforming

Modelling of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell with different designs of indirect internal reformer

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2014年第2期23卷 251-263页

作者： P.Kim-Lohsoontorn F.Priyakorn U.Wetwatana N.Laosiripojana Department of Chemical Engineering Mahidol University The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Chemical Process Engineering The Sirindhorn Internation Thai German Graduate School of EngineeringKing Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok

The cell performance and temperature gradient of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell with indirect internal reformer （IIR-SOFC） fuelled by natural gas, containing a typical catalytic packed-bed reformer, a catalytic coated wall reformer, a catalytic annular reformer, and a novel catalytic annular-coated wall reformer were investigated with an aim to determine the most efficient internal reformer system. Among the four reformer designs, IIR-SOFC containing an annular-coated wall reformer exhibited the highest performance in terms of cell power density （0.67 W.cm 2） and electrical efficiency （68%） with an acceptable temperature gradient and a moderate pressure drop across the reformer （3.53 × 10 5 kPa）. IIR-SOFC with an annular-coated wall reformer was then studied over a range of operating conditions： inlet fuel temperature, operating pressure, steam to carbon （S ： C） ratio, gas flow pattern （co-flow and counter-flow pattern）, and natural gas compositions. The simulation results showed that the temperature gradient across the reformer could not be decreased using a lower fuel inlet temperature （1223 K-1173 K） and both the power density and electrical efficiency of the cell also decreased by lowering fuel inlet temperature. Operating in higher pressure mode （1-10 bar） improved the temperature gradient and cell performance. Increasing the S ： C ratio from 2 ： 1 to 4：1 could decrease the temperature drop across the reformer but also decrease the cell performance. The average temperature gradient was higher and smoother in IIR-SOFC under a co-flow pattern than that under a counter-flow pattern, leading to lower overpotential and higher cell performance. Natural gas compositions significantly affected the cell performance and temperature gradient. Natural gas containing lower methane content provided smoother temperature gradient in the system but showed lower power density and electrical efficiency.

关键词： indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell annular-coated wall reformer packed-bed reformer catalytic coated wall reformer catalyticannular reformer

Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer for a Single-Planar-Anode-Supported solid oxide fuel cell Considering Internal Reforming

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第3期29卷 697-707页

作者： ZHANG Zhuqian WANG Yulei BA Liming Institute of Thermal Engineering School of Mechanical Electronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Beijing Key Laboratory of Flow and Heat Transfer of Phase Changing in Micro and Small Scale Beijing 100044China National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy Beijing 102211China

The temperature uniformity and component concentration distributions in solid oxide fuel cells during operating processes can influence the cell electrochemical and thermal characteristics.A three-dimensional thermal-fluid numerical model including electrochemical reactions and water-gas-shift(WGS)reaction for a single channel solid oxide fuel cell was developed to study the steady-state characteristics,which include distributions of the temperature(T),temperature gradient((35)T/(35)x),and fuel utilization.It was shown that the maximum temperature(Tmax)changed with operating voltage and the maximum temperature gradient(((35)T/(35)x)max)occurred at the inlet of the channel of a solid oxide fuel cell by simulation.Moreover,the natural convection condition had a great influence on T and(35)T/(35)x.The thermal stress generated by temperature differences was the key parameter and increasing the convection heat-transfer coefficient can greatly reduce the thermal stress.In addition,the results also showed that there were lower temperature gradients and lower current density at high working voltage;therefore,choosing the proper operating voltage can obtain better cell performance.

关键词： three-dimensional numerical simulation internal reforming reaction solid oxide fuel cell temperature gradient fuel utilization