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Two sides of the heliopause

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第12期54卷 1830-1844页

作者： WHANG Y. C Catholic University of America

Interaction of the solar wind with the interstellar medium leads to the formation of the heliosphere and termination shock. This article addresses three aspects of the plasma and magnetic field on two sides of the heliopause：（1） The interstellar magnetic field surrounding the heliopause. In the limit of very low plasma β-ratio an analytical solution is obtained for the 3D interstellar magnetic field by means of a line dipole method. The undisturbed magnetic field in the upstream is allowed to have an arbitrary inclination angle. The solution describes the heliosphere as having a blunt-nosed geometry on the upwind side and approaching a cylindrical geometry on the downwind side. The distortion of the magnetic field can penetrate very deep into the interstellar space. （2） Interaction of the interstellar neutral hydrogen with the global solar wind. The ionization process leads to removal of interstellar neutral hydrogen in the heliosphere： on the upwind side, 90% of hydrogen depletion occurs inside 60 AU, the hydrogen density changes rapidly inside 10 AU. A hydrogen cavity forms inside -4 AU; the cavity extends on the downwind side to form a long cavity wake. Outside the cavity and cavity wake, pickup protons are produced, they cause deceleration and heating of the solar wind. The wind speed and temperature also increase steadily with heliolatitude caused by the latitudinal increase in wind speed at the inner boundary. （3） The global geometry of the termination shock. The termination shock has been treated as having a closed geometry in previous heliosphere models. This study presents a new perspective that the global termination shock may have a bow-shaped open geometry. The termination shock forms on the upwind side because the forward motion of the supersonic solar wind is blocked at the blunt-nosed heliopause. However, the heliopause likely to be open on the downwind side; the motion of the supersonic solar wind is unobstructed for shock formation. Thus, the globa

关键词： solar wind interstellar medium magnetic fields plasmas magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)

Three-dimensional MHD simulation of the lunar wake

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Science China Earth Sciences 2013年第2期56卷 330-338页

作者： XIE LiangHai LI Lei ZHANG YiTeng Darren Lee De ZEEUW Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Space Environment Modeling University of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan 48109-2143USA

We study the interaction between the Moon and the solar wind through a three-dimensional MHD *** cases have been discussed in which the interplanetary magnetic field lies at 90,180,and 135 to the solar wind flow,respectively.A wake with low density and low pressure can always be formed behind the *** plasma temperature and magnetic field are enhanced in the central wake,but the field strength is reduced in the surrounding region.A Mach cone is formed by rarefaction waves emanating from the *** rarefaction waves propagate via the fast magnetosonic mode with different velocities in different directions relative to the magnetic *** the interplanetary magnetic field is not parallel to the solar wind flow,the wake shows some asymmetries,with an acceleration region turning up at the ***,the results are compared with the observations by wind *** calculations agree reasonably well with the observed values.

关键词： lunar wake MHD simulation solar wind

Interplanetary consequences and geoeffectiveness of CME associated with major solar flare from NOAA AR 12673

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第2期20卷 85-93页

作者： Shirsh Lata Soni Radhe Shyam Gupta Pyare Lala Verma Department of Physics Govt.P.G.CollegeSatnaMP 485001India Department of Physics Govt.P.G.College MaiharSatnaMPIndia

In this reported work,we study a major X-class flare(X9.3) that arose from NOAA Active Region(AR) 12673 on 2017 September 6,from 11:53 UT to 12:10 UT in multi-wavelength *** event also produced a fast coronal mass ejection(CME).NOAA AR 12673 emerged at S09 W30 on 2017 September6 and grew rapidly to a large *** 2017 September 9,the maximum area of this AR was 1060 millionth of the solar *** group of sunspots disappeared over the west limb of the Sun(S09 W83) on September *** was a fast emerging flux *** group of sunspots showed magnetic configuration category *** identified their earliest signatures of eruption in AIA 94A images with initialization and successive rapid growth from low coronal heights of hot channeled *** the other hand,the CME associated with this flare event triggered the intense Dst at 1 AU(–142 nT).We have acquired observations and analyze the reported event from the Sun’s surface,corona(source AR),interplanetary space and in-situ measurement near *** addition,here we analyze the complex processes of CMECME interaction that have contributed a significant role to make the reported event so geoeffective.

关键词： solar wind Coronal Mass Ejection(CME) Sun

What Can We Learn from the Geoeffectiveness of the Magnetic Cloud on 2012 July 15–17?

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第1期22卷 14-18页

作者： Gui-Ang Liu Ming-Xian Zhao Gui-Ming Le Tian Mao School of Physics Science and Technology Lingnan Normal UniversityZhanjiang 524048China Key Laboratory of solar Activity National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Center for Space WeatherChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China

An interplanetary shock and a magnetic cloud(MC) reached the Earth on 2012 July 14 and 15 one after *** shock sheath and the MC triggered an intense geomagnetic *** find that only small part of the MC from06:45 UT to 10:05 UT on 2012 July 15 made contribution to the intense geomagnetic storm,while the rest part of the MC made no contribution to the intense geomagnetic *** averaged southward component of interplanetary magnetic field(Bs) and duskward-electric fields(Ey) within the MC from 10:05 UT,2012 July 15 to09:08 UT,2012 July 16(hereafter MC2),are 15.11 nT and 8.01 my m-1,*** to the empirical formula established by Burton et al.(hereafter Burton equation),the geoeffectiveness of MC2 should be-655.42 nT,while the geoeffectiveness of MC2 is-324.68 nT according to the empirical formula established by O’Brien & McPherron(hereafter OM equation).However,the real geoeffectiveness of MC2 is 39.74 *** results indicate that the Burton equation and the OM equation cannot work *** geoeffectiveness of MC2 shows that large and long duration of Bs or Ey cannot guarantee the occurrence of an intense geomagnetic storm if the solar wind dynamic pressure is very *** we use 0.52 as γ,the geoeffectiveness of MC2 is 40.36 nT according to the empirical formula established by Wang et al.,which is very close to the observed value,indicating that the empirical formula established by Wang et *** much better than the Burton equation and the OM equation.

关键词： solar coronal mass ejections solar-terrestrial interactions solar wind

Research Progress of Interplanetary Physics in China's Mainland

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空间科学学报 2020年第5期40卷 732-777页

作者： ZHAO Xinhua SHEN Chenglong HE Jiansen NING Hao State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment Department of Geophysics and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Institute of Space Sciences Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary ScienceShandong UniversityWeihai 264209

Significant progress has been made by Chinese scientists in research of interplanetary physics during the recent two years(2018–2020).These achievements are reflected at least in the following aspects:Activities in solar corona and lower solar atmosphere;solar wind and turbulence;filament/prominence,jets,flares,and radio bursts;active regions and solar eruptions;coronal mass ejections and their interplanetary counterparts;other interplanetary structures;space weather prediction methods;magnetic reconnection;Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)numerical modeling;solar energetic particles,cosmic rays,and Forbush decreases;machine learning methods in space weather and other *** than one hundred and forty papers in the academic journals have been published in these research *** fruitful achievements are obtained by Chinese scholars in solar physics and space physics either independently or through international *** greatly improve people’s understanding of solar activities,solar eruptions,the corresponding space weather effects,and the Sun-Earth *** we will give a very brief review on the research ***,it must be pointed out that this paper may not completely cover all achievements in this field due to our limited knowledge.

关键词： solar wind solar eruptions Energetic particles Interplanetary transients Space weather

A Brief Review of Interplanetary Physics Research Progress in China' Mainland during 2020-2022

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空间科学学报 2022年第4期42卷 612-627页

作者： ZHAO Xinhua HE Jiansen SHEN Chenglong FENG Shiwei JIANG Chaowei LI Huichao QIN Gang LUO Xi State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment Department of Geophysics and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and solar-Terrestrial Environment School of Space Science and PhysicsShandong University at WeihaiWeihai 264209 Institute of Space Science and Applied Technology Harbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen 518055 School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen 518055 Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology Jinan 250100

Through independent research by the Chinese scientists or their international collaborations,great achievements have been made in interplanetary physics research in China' Mainland during the past two years(2020-2022).More than 150 papers have been published in academic journals in this field during this *** achievements can be grouped into the following areas,at least:(i)solar corona;(ii)solar and interplanetary transient phenomena;(iii)radio bursts;(iv)Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)numerical modeling;(v)solar energetic particles and cosmic *** advances have greatly enriched our understanding of interplanetary physics,*** knowledge of solar activities and solar eruptions,their propagation in the interplanetary space,and the corresponding geoeffects on the *** the sense of application,they have also improved the forecasting of space *** this paper we will give a very short review about these advances.

关键词： solar wind solar eruptions Energetic particles Interplanetary transients Space weather

wind observations of plasma waves inside the magnetic cloud boundary layers

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Science Bulletin 2005年第18期 85-90页

作者： WEI Fengsi1 , ZHONG Dingkun1,2, FENG Xueshang1, YANG Fang1,2 & LIU Rui 1 1. SIGMA Weather Group, Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Based on the wind observational data for the plasma waves from thermal noise receptor (TNR) working on the frequency 4―256 kHz and the solar wind and the magnetic fields, we analyze the plasma wave activities in the 60 magnetic cloud’s boundary layers (BLs) and find that there are often various plasma wave activities in the BLs, which are different from those in the adjacent solar wind (SW) and the magnetic clouds (MC). The basic characteris-tics are that: (1) the enhancement of the Langmuir wave near the electronic plasma frequency (fpe) is a dominant wave ac-tivity, which occupies 75% investigated samples; (2) the events enhanced both in the langmuir and ion acustic (f < fpe) waves are about 60% of investigated samples; (3) broadband, continuous enhancement events in the plasma wave activities were observed in the whole frequency band of TNR, and about 30% of the 60 samples, however, were not observed in the SW and the MC investigated events; (4) although the ratio of the temperatures between the electon and proton, Te/Tp≤1, the ion caustic wave enhancement activities are still often observed in the BLs, which makes it difficult to ex- plain them by the traditional plasma theory. New results reported in this paper further show that the magnetic cloud’s BL is an important dynamic structure, which could provide useful diagnosis for understanding the cloud’s BL physics and could expand a space developing space plasma wave theory.

关键词： solar wind magnetic cloud boundary layer plasma waves.

Overview of the solar Polar Orbit Telescope Project for Space Weather Mission

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空间科学学报 2016年第3期36卷 245-266页

作者： XIONG Ming LIU Ying LIU Hao LI Baoquan ZHENG Jianhua ZHANG Cheng XIA Lidong ZHANG Hongxin RAO Wei CHEN Changya SUN Weiying WU Xia DENG Yuanyong HE Han JIANG Bo WANG Yuming WANG Chuanbing SHEN Chenglong ZHANG Haiying ZHANG Shenyi YANG Xuan SANG Peng WU Ji National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Space Weather Sciences Shandong University at Weihai Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The solar Polar ORbit Telescope(SPORT) project for space weather mission has been under intensive scientific and engineering background studies since it was incorporated into the Chinese Space Science Strategic Pioneer Project in *** is designed to carry a suite of remote-sensing and in-situ instruments to observe Coronal Mass Ejections(CMEs),energetic particles,solar high-latitude magnetism,and the fast solar wind from a polar orbit around the *** first extended view of the polar regions of the Sun and the ecliptic enabled by SPORT will provide a unique opportunity to study CME propagation through the inner heliosphere,and the solar high-latitude magnetism giving rise to eruptions and the fast solar *** observations between SPORT and other spaceborne/ground-based facilities within the International Living With a Star(ILWS) framework can significantly enhance scientific *** is now competing for official selection and implementation during China's 13 th Five-Year Plan period of 2016-2020.

关键词： Space weather Coronal mass ejection solar magnetism solar wind solar energetic particle

Research Progress of solar Corona and Interplanetary Physics in China:2010—2012

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空间科学学报 2012年第5期32卷 618-646页

作者： ZHAO Xinhua XIANG Changqing State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190

The scientific objective of solar corona and interplanetary research is the understanding of the various phenomena related to solar activities and their effects on the space environments of the *** progress has been made in the study of solar corona and interplanetary physics by the Chinese space physics community during the past *** paper will give a brief report about the latest progress of the corona and interplanetary research in China during the years of *** paper can be divided into the following parts:solar corona and solar ***, magnetic reconnection,energetic particles,space plasma,space weather numerical modeling by 3D SIP-CESE MHD model,space weather prediction methods,and proposed *** constitute the abundant content of study for the complicated phenomena that originate from the solar corona,propagate in interplanetary space,and produce geomagnetic *** these progresses are acquired by the Chinese space physicists,either independently or through international collaborations.

关键词： solar wind Coronal Mass Ejection(CME) Interplanetary transients Space weather