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Evaluating the influence of air pollution on Solar radiation observations over the coastal region of Alicante(Southeastern Spain)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第4期126卷 633-643页

作者： Igor Gómez Sergio Molina Juan JoséGaliana-Merino Department of Applied Physics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of AlicanteSection 99E-03080 AlicanteSpain Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies(MIES)“Ramón Margalef” University of AlicanteSection 99E-03690 AlicanteSpain Department of Physics Systems Engineering and Signal TheoryUniversity of AlicanteSection 99E-03080 AlicanteSpain University Institute of Physics Applied to Sciences and Technologies University of AlicanteSection 99E-03080 AlicanteSpain

The present study evaluates ground-based downward surface shortwave radiation (Rs) over the coastal region of Alicante (Southeastern Spain).Hourly measurements collected over the eleven-year period 2010-2020 are used.Two weather stations located over the region capital,Alicante,have been selected as representative of urban and suburban typologies.Two additional weather stations far from the city have been selected representing rural typologies.Rs is significantly reduced over the urban station during the morning hours within the winter season compared to the observations recorded over the suburban and rural stations,with a global mean difference of-81 and-120 W/m^(2)at 10 LT,respectively.However,no significant differences are obtained during the midday sun,with a global mean difference of-20 W/m^(2)between the urban and rural stations.With the aim of explaining these differences,the current paper investigates the relationship between Rsand different air pollutants:NOx,SO_(2),and fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)) as well as the wind field measured at the urban and suburban stations.The results found in this work point towards a close relationship between Rsand NOxconcentrations annual cycles,which are also influenced by the prevailing wind circulations observed over the study area.A global mean NOxconcentration of 107μg/m^(3)is observed over the urban station at 10 LT during the winter season.In contrast,these high concentrations are significantly reduced over the suburban station,with global mean value of 40μg/m^(3)at 10 LT,for this period of the year.

关键词： Solar radiation Air pollution Weather-concentration relationship Coastal cities Atmospheric conditions Wind field

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Influence and mechanism of Solar radiation intensity on the interdecadal variability of strong Meiyu events during historical periods

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第2期66卷 408-416页

作者： Liulin WANG Liang NING Kefan CHEN Mi YAN Jian LIU Zhengyu LIU Yanmin QIN Jiao XUE Chuxin LI Key Laboratory for Virtual Geographic Environment Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application/School of GeographyNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China Open Studio for the Simulation of Ocean-Climate-Isotope Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao266237China Climate System Research Center Department of GeosciencesUniversity of MassachusettsAmherst01003USA State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an710061China Department of Geography The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA

Most recent studies on Meiyu over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLRYR)have focused on its interannual variability or the mechanism of certain abnormal events.The influence and physical mechanism of Solar radiation intensity on the interdecadal frequency of strong Meiyu events over the MLRYR during historical periods were investigated using reconstructed precipitation data,reconstructed Solar radiation data,and model simulation data.First,according to the Solar radiation intensity,the Ming and Qing Dynasties(1470-1850)were divided into three periods of strong Solar radiation and three periods of weak Solar radiation.It was found that during the periods of strong Solar radiation,the frequency of strong Meiyu events was significantly higher than that during the periods of weak Solar radiation in the reconstructed precipitation data and model simulations.Mechanism analyses show that during the periods of strong Solar radiation,the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH)is stronger,and the blocking highs over the middle-high-latitudes are also stronger,which is conducive to the continuous convergence of the southward cold air and the northward warm and humid air flow at the MLRYR.Therefore,a circulation spatial pattern conducive to the occurrence of strong Meiyu events is then induced.The probability distributions of precipitation also show that,during periods of strong Solar radiation,changes in circulation patterns cause the probability distribution of precipitation to shift significantly to the right,increasing the probability of strong Meiyu events occurring on the right side of the probability distribution.

关键词： Ming Dynasty Historical flood Strong Meiyu events Solar radiation CESM-LME

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Evaluation of the thermal performance of radiant floor heating system with the influence of unevenly distributed Solar radiation based on the theory of discretization

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Building Simulation 2023年第1期16卷 105-120页

作者： Jiacheng Zheng Tao Yu Bo Lei Xiujing Luo School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

In the building with many transparent envelopes,Solar radiation can irradiate on the local surface of floor and cause overheating.The local thermal comfort in the room will be dissatisfactory and the thermal performance of radiant floor will be strongly affected.However,in many current calculation models,Solar radiation on the floor surface is assumed to be uniformly distributed,resulting in the inaccurate evaluation of the thermal performance of the radiant floor.In this paper,a calculation model based on the theory of discretization and the RC thermal network is proposed to calculate the dynamic thermal performance of radiant floor with the consideration of unevenly distributed Solar radiation.Then,the discretization model is experimentally validated and is used to simulate a radiant floor heating system of an office room in Lhasa.It is found that with the unevenly distributed Solar radiation,the maximum surface temperature near the south exterior window can reach up to 35.6℃,which exceeds the comfort temperature limit and is nearly 8.5℃higher than that in the north zone.Meanwhile,the heating capacity of the radiant floor in the irradiated zone can reach up to 171 W/m^(2),while that in the shaded zone is only 79 W/m^(2).The model with the assumption of uniformly distributed Solar radiation ignores the differences between the south and north zones and fails to describe local overheating in the irradiated zones.By contrast,the discretization model can more accurately evaluate the thermal performance of radiant floor with the influence of real Solar radiation.Based on this discretization model,novel design and control schemes of radiant floor heating system can be proposed to alleviate local overheating and reduce heating capacity in the irradiated zone.

关键词： radiant floor heating Solar radiation simplified model thermal performance

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Availability,sustainability and accessibility of agro crop residue production and Solar radiation in Egypt for producing highly chemical products through pyrolysis processes

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Clean Energy 2023年第3期7卷 654-670页

作者： Saad A.El-Sayed Mohamed A.Ismail Mohamed E.Mostafa Emad H.Noseir Tarek M.Khass Mechanical Power Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringZagazig UniversityAl-SharkiaEgypt Mechanical Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl-AhsaSaudi Arabia Environmental Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringZagazig UniversityAl-SharkiaEgypt

This study examines the large amount of agricultural waste produced in Egypt between 2010 and 2019 by analysing data from various departments within the Agriculture Ministry.It also provides a comprehensive database on the biomass available from agricultural waste in Egypt and its potential applications for producing power,heat and chemical products.When biomass-pyrolysis systems powered by solar energy are used,research demonstrates the potential to convert agricultural waste into a variety of chemical compounds.This approach utilizes solar energy,a clean and renewable source,and has wide-ranging industrial and power generation applications.Despite Egypt’s reliance on agriculture,the country currently utilizes little biomass for energy production and has not previously used it as a source for creating chemical products,which could potentially save on the imported oil used in these industries.The findings of the study are graphically presented using histograms,pie charts,etc.The overall production of residues reached the 30-Mt level in 2019.Because it contains the most rice-cultivated land,Dakahlia(Lower Egypt region)produces the highest percentage of the total residue(37.17%).Qena governorate(Upper Egypt region)produces 1.14 metric tons of residues,with sugarcane accounting for 20.3%of the total.

关键词： biomass agro-residue Solar radiation pyrolysis chemical products sustainability

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Vertical temperature gradients of concrete box girder caused by Solar radiation in Sichuan-Tibet railway

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2022年第5期23卷 375-387页

作者： Tao SHI Xing-wang SHENG Wei-qi ZHENG Ping LOU School of Civil Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology Changsha 410075China MOE Key Laboratory of Engineering Structures of Heavy Haul Railway Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China

Spatial and temporal temperature variations are critical for concrete box girders,and non-uniform temperature distributions induced by Solar radiation depend on the structural shapes and shadows cast on them.There have been many studies of temperature distributions and temperature gradients of concrete box girders,but few have considered a high altitude plateau climatic environment.In this study,the nonlinear temperature distributions of concrete box girders in the Sichuan-Tibet railway caused by Solar radiation were investigated based on experimental analysis,real-time shadow-selection algorithm,and finite element method.Furthermore,a vertical temperature gradient model of the concrete box girders was obtained.The vertical temperature gradient values first rise,then decrease,and finally rise again from Chengdu to Lhasa,with samples forming a normal distribution.The recommended vertical temperature gradient value was 25℃with a confidence interval of 95%.This provides a reference for the design and maintenance of concrete box girders on the Sichuan-Tibet railway.

关键词： Concrete box girder Solar radiation Temperature gradient Sichuan-Tibet railway Probability statistics

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Comparative analysis of the mass elevation effect and its implication for the treeline between the Tibetan and Bolivian plateaus based on Solar radiation

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第4期19卷 1082-1094页

作者： YAO Yong-hui SUO Nan-dong-zhu ZHANG Yi-chi State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Qinghai National Park Scientific Research Monitoring and Evaluation CenterXining 810000China

As one of the main non-zonal factors,the mass elevation effect(MEE)has significant impacts on both regional climates and mountain ecological patterns.In recent years,with the development of quantitative techniques and methods,quantitative studies on the MEE and its implication on mountain altitudinal belts have developed rapidly.However,some issues have not been solved yet,such as high errors in spatial temperature estimations and difficulties in the definition and extraction of intramountain base elevation.Moreover,there is still a lack of comparative studies on the MEE and its influence on treelines and snowlines as most studies were conducted on specific mountains or plateaus.To compare the MEE magnitudes of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and the Bolivian Plateau(BP),we estimated the correspondent air temperatures and simulated the Solar radiations based on MODIS surface temperature,station observation,and treeline data.Then,we analyzed the elevation of the 10℃isotherms on the two plateaus,the temperatures at the same elevation,and the Solar radiations.According to the mechanism of the MEE and the relationship of Solar radiation and treeline,we constructed treeline models for the two plateaus through a stepwise regression analysis by considering several influencing factors of the MEE(e.g.,air temperature and precipitation)and using Solar radiation as its proxy.The results showed that:(1)the MEE magnitude on the TP is equivalent to that on the BP although the former is slightly higher than the latter;(2)the MEE strongly influences the highest treelines in the northern and southern hemispheres,which both occur on the two plateaus.Notably,the treeline distribution models based on Solar radiation had higher accuracies than those models with parameters of temperature and precipitation(the adjusted R^(2) values were 0.76 for the TP and 0.936 for the BP),indicating that Solar radiation can be used to quantify the MEE and its implications on treelines.Overall,the results of this study can serve as a basis for subsequent analy

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Bolivian Plateau Mass elevation effect Solar radiation Treeline Temperature

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Effects of Solar radiation and fine roots on suction of Amorpha fruticose-vegetated soil

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第6期20卷 1790-1804页

作者： GUO Han-qing CHEN Xiao-qing SONG Dong-ri MU Qing-yi SADEGHI Hamed JIANG Hao LV Ming Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process/Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Department of Civil Engineering Sharif University of TechnologyTehran ***Iran

The thickness of shallow landslides is generally less than 2 m,which is of the same order of magnitude as the growth range of vegetation roots.Vegetation roots can improve the stability of shallow soil through mechanical and hydraulic effects.Therefore,the landslide process is closely related to the plant roots growing on the slope surface.Plant roots play a dominant role in the regulation of soil suction through Solar radiation induced transpiration.However,little is known about the correlation between cumulative Solar radiation and soil suction.Moreover,the specific effects of fine roots on the suction distribution are not clear in most previous studies.In this study,a vegetated soil of a drought-tolerant and water-tolerant shrub,namely Amorpha fruticose,was adopted.The suction and volumetric water content of bare and vegetated soils were monitored under natural conditions for 4 months.The results demonstrate that there is a nearly linear relationship between cumulative Solar radiation and suction ranging from zero to 100 kPa.Regarding the modeling of the soil-plant-atmosphere interactions,this relationship could serve a significant role in calculating the root water uptake under given Solar radiation conditions.In addition,higher suctions were observed at the lower layer of the vegetated soil than those at the middle layer,which is different from the results of vegetated soil from previous investigations.This is due to the fact that the root area index(RAI)of fine roots at the lower layer is twice that of the middle layer.Importantly,the higher concentration of fine roots at the lower layer of vegetated soil sample resembles the root distribution of shrub near the soil-bedrock interface on shallow bedrock landslides.The fine roots would increase soil suction through transpiration,and hence reduce the permeability and increase shear strength of landslides.Eventually,these new findings serve as a preliminary step on the evaluation of the stability of this common type of landslides.

关键词： Field monitoring Fine roots Solar radiation Suction Shallow bedrock landslide

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Impacts of canopy structure on the sub-canopy Solar radiation under a deciduous forest based on fisheye photographs

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寒旱区科学:英文版 2023年第3期15卷 150-160页

作者： YanLin Zhang XiaoLin Feng XiaoLi Chang LiMin Tie School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtanHunan 411201China

Forest canopy in a deciduous forest has significant sheltering effects on the sub-canopy Solar radiation,significantly influencing the energy balance of snow and permafrost beneath the forest and their spatial distribution.This study employs a digital camera mounted with a fisheye lens to acquire photographs at various times in a growth cycle of the forest canopy at three selected sites in a deciduous forest near the Greater Khingan Mountains Forest Ecological Station,Northeast China.The vegetation types and conditions at the selected sites include P1 in Ledum-Claopodium-L.dahurica,P2 in Carex tato-L.dahurica,and P3 in Betula fruticosa-L.dahurica.After necessary image processing,these photographs were used to identify the canopy structure and its impacts on the sub-canopy Solar radiation.Results show that fisheye photographs can successfully capture the forest canopy structure and are useful in estimating the sub-canopy Solar radiation.The order of sheltering effects from the largest to the smallest on sub-canopy Solar radiation at three selected sites is P3,P1,and P2,highly depending on the canopy density.Then sub-canopy Solar radiation was calculated using fisheye photographs and an algorithm validated by in-situ observed Solar radiation beneath the canopy at P1 and P3.The results are reasonable,although the accuracy seems compromised due to the mismatch of conditions for calculation and observation.Results also show that the mean annual Solar radiation above the canopy was about 148.3 W/m2 in 2018,and the mean annual Solar radiation values beneath the canopy were about 90.0,123.8,and 61.0 W/m2 at P1,P2,and P3,with only 60%,84%,and 42%of the total Solar radiation penetrating through the canopy,respectively.Even in winter,when the trees are leafless,the canopy sheltering effects cannot be ignored in dense forests.Despite the limitations,fisheye photographs and related algorithms are useful in investigating the forest canopy structure and its impacts on sub-canopy Solar radiation.

关键词： Solar radiation Forest structure Fisheye photograph Sub-canopy Deciduous forest

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Study of factors influencing the occurrence rate of 60 Hz power line radiation in the topside ionosphere: A systematic survey using the CSES satellite

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1879-1892页

作者： MA ZhenHui ZHAO ShuFan LIAO Li SHEN XuHui LU HengXin School of Emergency Management Science and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of solar Activity and Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of Sciences National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of China 5. Institute of GeophysicsChina Earthquake Administration

We analyze the topside ionosphere power line radiation(PLR) at 60 Hz over the US using electric field data collected by CSES satellite between January 2019 and December 2022. The study aimed to further investigate the month-to-month variation characteristic of PLR occurrence rate observed by satellite and its several influencing factors, including Solar radiation, lightning activity, and try to clarify the influence of electricity consumption. The results show that the Solar radiation(solar zenith angle and F10.7) plays a major role in the variation of the PLR occurrence rate, and that there is no direct connection with the number of lightning. For the relationship between PLR occurrence rate and electricity consumption, the low occurrence rate associated with decreased weekend electricity consumption was not observed in the US. However, there is a significant difference in PLR occurrence rate between the East and West Coasts of the US at the same latitude during the same time period, suggesting that the significant difference in PLR occurrence rate is caused by the significant difference in electricity consumption between the two coasts. After excluding the effect of Solar radiation on PLR occurrence rate, we concluded that only a significant difference in regional electricity consumption could lead to a corresponding change in PLR occurrence rate detected by the Low-Earth-Orbit satellite. Finally, we also found there is seasonal variation in the diurnal differences of the PLR occurrence rate caused by seasonal variation of the lower ionosphere.

关键词： CSES satellite power line radiation occurrence rate Solar radiation lightning activity electricity consumption

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Effects of mesoclimate and microclimate variations mediated by high altitude and row orientation on sucrose metabolism and anthocyanin synthesis in grape berries

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第3期10卷 713-731页

作者： Haining Yin Zhaoxiang Wang Lin Wang Jianhong Cao Jiakui Wang Zhumei Xi College of Enology Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Shangri-la Winery Co. LTDShangri-laYunnan 674400China

Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with this challenge.Stable,high-quality wine grape production may be achieved by synchronizing the meso-and microclimate.To clarify the role of high altitude and row orientation in meso-and microclimate and the response of berries to it,we evaluated seven years(2012-2018)of climate data,two years of basic grape(Cabernet Sauvignon,Vitis vinifera L.)quality,and one-year microclimate from veraison to harvest.By comparing two locations(Sidon 2047 m,Sinon 2208 m)in Yunnan Province,China,we found that the average temperature has been stable at approximately 15℃ for seven years,with no extreme weather or,noticeable global warming.The light intensity(LI)in the north-south(NS)was more balanced than the east-west(EW)direction,and the east-west to the south(EW-S)canopy side was almost higher than the other sides.High LI was associated with high photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),ultraviolet(UV),and infrared(IR)light and vice versa.The north-south to the east(NS-E)and east-west to the north(EWN)sides were characterized by lower LI and higher UV and IR light,and higher total anthocyanin content.Most anthocyanin synthesis-related genes,for example,VvF3'H and VvF3'5'H,were highly expressed in NS-E from veraison to maturity.Perhaps UV and IR light induced their expression.This study provides new insights on the role of differently orientated rows in controlling grape quality due to varied light quality.The findings are globally significant,particularly in the context of climate change,and offer fresh insights into berry physiological responses and decision-making for the management of existing vineyards.

关键词： Vitis vinifera L. Orientated rows Berry composition Sugar Phenolic Light quality Solar radiation

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