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Integration of earth-abundant cocatalysts for high-performance photoelectrochemical energy conversion

Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 336-355,I0008页

作者： Joonhee Ma Sang Hyun Ahn Soo Young Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Chung-Ang University84 Heukseok-roDongjak-guSeoul 06974Republic of Korea

Photoelectrochemical(PEC)energy conversion has emerged as a promising and efficient approach to sustainable energy harvesting and storage.By utilizing semiconductor photoelectrodes,PEC devices can harness solar energy and drive electrochemical reactions such as water splitting or carbon dioxide(CO_(2))reduction to generate clean fuels and value-added chemicals.However,PEC energy conversion faces several challenges such as high overpotential,sluggish reaction kinetics,charge carrier recombination,and stability issues,which limit its practical implementation.Recently,significant research has been conducted to improve the overall conversion efficiency of PEC devices.One particularly promising approach is the use of cocatalysts,which involves introducing specific cocatalysts onto the photoelectrode surface to promote charge separation,improve reaction kinetics,and reduce the overpotential,thereby enhancing the overall performance of PEC energy conversion.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the earth-abundant cocatalysts for PEC water splitting and CO_(2) reduction.The main earth-abundant catalysts for the PEC water splitting include transition-metal dichalcogenide(TMD)-based materials,metal phosphides/carbides,and metal oxides/hydroxides.Meanwhile,PEC-CO_(2)RR was divided into C_(1) and C_(2+)based on the final product since various products could be produced,focusing on diverse earth-abundant materials-based cocatalysts.In addition,we provide and highlight key advancements achieved in the very recent reports on novel PEC system design engineering with cocatalysts.Finally,the current problems associated with PEC systems are discussed along with a suggested direction to overcome these obstacles.

关键词： solar energy Photo-electrochemical Water splitting CO_(2)reduction Cocatalysts

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Optimizing urban block morphologies for net-zero energy cities:Exploring photovoltaic potential and urban design prototype

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Building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 607-624页

作者： Xiaotian Geng Dong Xie Zhonghua Gou School of Urban Design Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina

The morphology of urban areas plays a crucial role in determining solar potential,which directly affects photovoltaic capacity and the achievement of net-zero outcomes.This study focuses on the City of Melbourne to investigate the utilization of solar energy across different urban densities and proposes optimized morphologies.The analysis encompasses blocks with diverse population densities,examining medium and high-density areas.By utilizing a multi-objective genetic optimization approach,the urban morphology of these blocks is refined.The findings indicate that low-density blocks exhibit photovoltaic potential ranging from 1 to 6.6 times their total energy consumption.Medium and high-density blocks achieve photovoltaic potential levels approximately equivalent to 40%-85%of their overall energy consumption.Moreover,significant variations in photovoltaic potential are observed among different urban forms within medium and high-density blocks.An“elevated corners with central valley”prototype is proposed as an effective approach,enhancing the overall photovoltaic potential by approximately 14%.This study introduces novel analytical concepts,shedding light on the intricate relationship between urban morphologies and photovoltaic potential.

关键词： net-zero energy solar energy urban density urban morphology multi-objective optimization photovoltaic potential

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Recent advances in graphene-based phase change composites for thermal energy storage and management

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第2期6卷 115-138页

作者： Qiang Zhu Pin Jin Ong Si Hui Angela Goh Reuben J.Yeo Suxi Wang Zhiyuan Liu Xian Jun Loh Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)2 Fusionopolis WayInnovis#08-03138634Singapore Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and EnvironmentA*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)1 Pesek RoadJurong Island627833Singapore School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371Singapore Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology(SIAT) Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China Department of Material Science and Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1#03-09 EA117575Singapore

energy storage and conservation are receiving increased attention due to rising global energy demands.Therefore,the development of energy storage materials is crucial.Thermal energy storage(TES)systems based on phase change materials(PCMs)have increased in prominence over the past two decades,not only because of their outstanding heat storage capacities but also their superior thermal energy regulation capability.However,issues such as leakage and low thermal conductivity limit their applicability in a variety of settings.Carbon-based materials such as graphene and its derivatives can be utilized to surmount these obstacles.This study examines the recent advancements in graphene-based phase change composites(PCCs),where graphene-based nanostructures such as graphene,graphene oxide(GO),functionalized graphene/GO,and graphene aerogel(GA)are incorporated into PCMs to substantially enhance their shape stability and thermal conductivity that could be translated to better storage capacity,durability,and temperature response,thus boosting their attractiveness for TES systems.In addition,the applications of these graphene-based PCCs in various TES disciplines,such as energy conservation in buildings,solar utilization,and battery thermal management,are discussed and summarized.

关键词： Phase change material Nanocomposites solar energy Sustainable energy Thermo-regulation

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solar energy technology and its roles in sustainable development

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Clean energy 2022年第3期6卷 476-483页

作者： Ali O.M.Maka Jamal M.Alabid The Libyan Centre for Research and Development of Sahrain Communities MourzuqLibya Robert Gordon University School of Architecture and Built EnvironmentGarthdee HouseGarthdee RoadAberdeenAB107QBUK Faculty of Engineering Civil&Structural Engineering-University of BradfordBradfordUK

solar energy is environmentally friendly technology,a great energy supply and one of the most significant renewable and green energy sources.It plays a substantial role in achieving sustainable development energy solutions.Therefore,the massive amount of solar energy attainable daily makes it a very attractive resource for generating electricity.Both technologies,applications of concentrated solar power or solar photovoltaics,are always under continuous development to fulfil our energy needs.Hence,a large installed capacity of solar energy applications worldwide,in the same context,supports the energy sector and meets the employment market to gain sufficient development.This paper highlights solar energy applications and their role in sustainable development and considers renewable energy’s overall employment potential.Thus,it provides insights and analysis on solar energy sustainability,including environmental and economic development.Furthermore,it has identified the contributions of solar energy applications in sustainable development by providing energy needs,creating jobs opportunities and enhancing environmental protection.Finally,the perspective of solar energy technology is drawn up in the application of the energy sector and affords a vision of future development in this domain.

关键词： solar energy sustainable development solar energy applications perspective of solar energy

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Application of data science in the prediction of solar energy for the Amazon basin:a study case

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Clean energy 2023年第6期7卷 1344-1355页

作者： AndréLuis Ferreira Marques Márcio JoséTeixeira Felipe Valencia de Almeida Pedro Luiz Pizzigatti Corrêa Polytechnic School of the University of Sao Paulo Av.Prof.Luciano Gualberto380-ButantaSao Paulo-SP05508-010Brazil Institute of Physics of the University of Sao Paulo Brazil

The need for renewable energy sources has challenged most countries to comply with environmental protection actions and to handle climate change.solar energy figures as a natural option,despite its intermittence.Brazil has a green energy matrix with significant expansion of solar form in recent years.To preserve the Amazon basin,the use of solar energy can help communities and cities improve their living standards without new hydroelectric units or even to burn biomass,avoiding harsh environmental consequences.The novelty of this work is using data science with machine-learning tools to predict the solar incidence(W.h/m^(2))in four cities in Amazonas state(north-west Brazil),using data from NASA satellites within the period of 2013-22.Decision-tree-based models and vector autoregressive(time-series)models were used with three time aggregations:day,week and month.The predictor model can aid in the economic assessment of solar energy in the Amazon basin and the use of satellite data was encouraged by the lack of data from ground stations.The mean absolute error was selected as the output indicator,with the lowest values obtained close to 0.20,from the adaptive boosting and light gradient boosting algorithms,in the same order of magnitude of similar references.

关键词： solar energy renewable energy Amazon basin machine learning time series data science decision-trees ensemble vector autoregression

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Multiple Nanoparticles Coupling Strategy for Enhancing Optical Filter Performance of Spectral Splitter Used in Photovoltaic/Thermal System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 368-382页

作者： LIANG Huaxu HUANG Xin WANG Fuqiang CHENG Ziming DONG Yan School of energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of New energy Harbin Institute of Technology at WeihaiWeihai 264209China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

Selective absorptive nanofluid can pre-absorb certain sunlight wavelength that cannot be used by PV and transmits remaining sunlight to the surface of PV,which can decouple PV from the thermal receiver spatially.In order to improve the harvesting of electricity and high-temperature thermal nanofluid,it is important to design an optimal optical filter window(transmit sunlight with wavelengths of 732-1067 nm to the surface of the photovoltaic cell and absorb the remaining sunlight).However,designing optimal optical filter is facing following challenges:(1) inherently narrow selective absorptivity property of single nanoparticle;(2) simplified numerical calculation method calculating transmittance;(3) ignoring the shape of the nanoparticle.In this study,the idea of using multiple nanoparticles coupling effect to design an optical filter is proposed,which can superimpose the narrow absorption bandwidth of different nanoparticles to obtain a wide absorption bandwidth of the whole system.In addition,an improved transmission method considering light-matter interaction at air/vessel and liquid/vessel interfaces is adopted to compute the transmittance.The results calculated by improved transmission method are more accurate than widely used traditional Lambert-Beer law,which is verified by experimental test.Furthermore,the effect of nanoparticle shape on spectral transmittance is also investigated,which shows that spiny Ag can approximately extend absorbance from 400 nm to 600 nm compared to nanosphere silver.Finally,the results show that optical filter efficiency of nanofluids with multiple nanoparticles coupling(Ag,spiny Ag,ZnO,ITO) can reached up to 35%.

关键词： solar energy PV/T nanofluid optimal optical filter radiative transfer spectral splitting

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Mismatch loss analysis of solar array output power on stratospheric airship during flight

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第2期37卷 371-384页

作者： Siyu LIU Kangwen SUN Haoquan LIANG Xinzhe JI Tong ZOU Chuan SHAN School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Yunnan Innovation Institute Beihang UniversityKunming 650233China Institute of Unmanned System Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Stratospheric airships are long-endurance aerostats and have broad applications.All of the energy required for their operation is obtained from solar radiation,which makes accurate calculation of the energy output from the solar array crucial to the design and flight planning of the airships.However,the status of each photovoltaic module in the solar array may differ due to the airship curvature,resulting in mismatch losses and lowered output power,which has not been widely studied.In this paper,an irradiation model and a thermal model are established based on the actual arrangement of the modules.The output power model is established considering the non-uniform radiation in the array.The mismatch losses of the array are analyzed under different flight conditions.The output power of the solar array is decreased by up to 31.6%compared to the ideal state.Moreover,the proportion of mismatch losses increases with latitude,but the maximum mismatch loss power occurs at mid-latitudes.Then,an array reconfiguration method is proposed based on the irradiance dispersion index and position dispersion index.The reconfigured array increases output power by 11.5%and can maintain energy balance in continuous flight.The results can be used to correct the overestimation of the output power during the airship design or to guide the configuration of the solar array.

关键词： Stratospheric airship solar panels solar energy Non-uniform irradiation Mismatch loss assessment Reconfiguration

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Enhanced photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance via in situ constructing BiO_(2-x)/NaNbO_(3) heterojunction

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第5期69卷 92-100页

作者： Jiayu Zhang Zhihao Zeng Lin Yue Chunran Zhao Xin Hu Leihong Zhao Xiuwen Wang Yiming He Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface Active Agent and Auxiliary School of Chemistry and Chemistry EngineeringQiqihar UniversityQiqihar 161006China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

The fabrication of heterojunction catalysts is an effective strategy to enhance charge separation efficiency,thereby boosting the performance of photocatalysts.In this study,BiO_(2-x)nanosheets were synthesized through a hydrothermal process and loaded onto NaNbO_(3) microcube to construct a series of BiO_(2-x)/NaNbO_(3) heterojunctions for photocatalytic N_(2) fixation.Results indicated that 2.5%BiO_(2-x)/NaNbO_(3) had the highest photocatalytic performance.The NH_(3) production rate under simulated solar light reached 406.4μmol·L^(-1)·g^(-1)·h^(-1),which reaches 2.6 and 3.8 times that of NaNbO_(3) and BiO_(2-x),respectively.BiO_(2-x)nanosheets primarily act as electron trappers to enhance the separation efficiency of charge carriers.The strong interaction between BiO_(2-x)and NaNbO_(3) facilitates the electron migration between them.Meanwhile,the abundant oxygen vacancies in BiO_(2-x)nanosheets may facilitate the adsorption and activation of N_(2),which may be another possible reason of the high photocatalytic activity of the BiO_(2-x)/NaNbO_(3).This study may offer new insights for the development of semiconductor materials in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation.

关键词： Catalyst solar energy Hydrothermal BiO_(2-x)/NaNbO_(3) Photocatalytic N_(2)-fixation

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Optimal Coordinated Bidding Strategy of Wind and solar System with energy Storage in Day-ahead Market

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean energy 2022年第1期10卷 192-203页

作者： Yinping Yang Chao Qin Yuan Zeng Chengshan Wang School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Although wind and solar power is the major reliable renewable energy sources used in power grids,the fluctuation and unpredictability of these renewable energy sources require the use of ancillary services,thereby increasing the integration cost.This study proposes a wind,solar,and pumped-storage cooperative(WSPC)model that can be applied to large-scale systems connected to dispersed renewable energy sources.This model provides an optimized coordinated bidding strategy in the day-ahead market,along with a method to facilitate revenue distribution among participating members.This model takes advantage of the natural complementary characteristics of wind and solar power while using pumped storage to adjust the total output power.In the coordinated bidding strategy,a proportion of the energies is provided as firm power,which can lower the ancillary service requirement.Moreover,a multi-period firm power-providing mode is adopted to reflect the wind-solar output characteristics of each period accurately.The duration of each period is selected as a variable to accommodate seasonal characteristics.This ensures that the provision of firm power can maintain a high proportion under varied connected ratios of wind-solar,thereby obtaining higher revenue.By using the revenue distribution method,the short-term influencing factors of the cooperative model are considered to provide the economic characteristics of wind farms and photovoltaic stations.In this way,revenue distribution can be fairly realized among the participating members.Finally,the effectiveness and economy of the proposed model are validated based on actual data obtained from the power grid in California,USA.

关键词： Wind energy solar energy energy storage energy resources power system economics

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Integration of a thermochemical energy system driven by solar energy and biomass for natural gas and power production

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第6期65卷 1383-1395页

作者： WU HaiFeng ZHANG BoWen QU WanJun XU RongJi LIU QiBin Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable energy and Buildings Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed energy Systems School of Chemical Engineering and Energy TechnologyDongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

energy systems with multi-energy product outputs driven by renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly popular.To satisfy the diversification of energy use forms in China,this study proposes a new thermochemical energy system driven by solar energy and biomass for natural gas and power production.In this system,syngas from solar-driven biomass gasification is used to synthesize natural gas,whereas the unreacted syngas is burned directly in a combined cycle for power generation.To adjust the production capacity of the system,a shift reaction was used to change the H_(2)/CO ratio in the syngas.The biomass gasification model was experimentally verified,and the thermodynamic performance of the system was studied numerically.The results showed that the production rate of natural gas,with a heat value of 714.88 k J/mol,was approximately 0.306 m^(3)-SNG/kg-bio,and the primary energy efficiency was 47%.The new system showed a good energy-saving potential of 15.29%.Parametric analysis indicated that an increase in the gasification temperature led to a reduction in the natural gas production and an increase in the power output of the system,with a maximum energy efficiency of 66.72%at gasification temperature of 1050°C.With an increase in the syngas share entering the transfer reactor,the natural gas production rate and energy efficiency of the system were improved with an optimum share of approximately 0.55,thereby facilitating the development and optimization of operation strategies.This study provides a promising way to increase the share of renewable energy instead of fossil fuels.

关键词： solar energy biomass gasification natural gas thermochemical energy system thermodynamics performance

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