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Thermal analysis and optimization of the emitter in the solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV)

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第10期52卷 2660-2669页

作者： CHEN Xue XUAN YiMin HAN YuGe School of Power Engineering Nanjing University of Science&TechnologyNanjing 210094China

A model for predicting the performance of the emitter in the solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) system is presented in this article. The effect of non-parallelism of sun rays on concentration capability is numerically calculated,also the flow field in the emitter cavity and the temperature distribution of the emitter with different inlet conditions are compared. Numerical results show that free convection of the air inside the emitter cavity has great effect on the emitter temperature and may reduce the electricity output of the cells. At last,a new kind of selective film is put forward. Through optimizing the cut-off wavelength of a selective film,radiation loss is further reduced and system efficiency is improved.

关键词： the solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) emitter free convection selective film

TiO_2 hierarchical pores/nanorod arrays composite film as photoanode for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第3期28卷 1-7页

作者： Xing Du Lei Zhao Xuan He Hui Chen Weixin Li Wei Fang The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and Technology

Power conversion efficiency(PCE) of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells(QDSSCs) was boosted in a TiO_2 composite film(TCSF) with delicate design in structure where TiO_2 hierarchical porous film(THPF) situated on the top of TiO_2 nanorod arrays film(TNAF). In this case, TNAF could supply efficient scattering centers for high light harvesting and direct electrical pathways for fast electron transfer while the THPF could offer porous channels for loading high quantity of previously synthetized quantum dots(QDs) and facilitate the penetration of electrolyte. Meanwhile, in this specific configuration, the presence of anatase–rutile heterojunction at the interface could help the rutile TNAF layer to efficiently collect photo-injected electrons from the anatase THPF layer thus suppressing the recombination of electrons and holes in electrolyte. The results showed that the PCE of QDSSC based on the TNAF photoanode was about 1.4-fold higher(η = 3.05%, J_(sc)= 15.86 m A cm^(-2), V_(oc)= 0.602 V, FF = 0.319) than that of device based on pure THPF(η = 2.20%, J_(sc)= 13.82 m A cm^(-2), V_(oc)= 0.572 V, FF = 0.278).

关键词： Hierarchical pores Nanorod arrays Composite photoanode Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

Anti-solvent engineering for efficient semitransparent CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite solar cells for greenhouse applications

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第7期28卷 12-19页

作者： Waqas Siddique Subhani Kai Wang Minyong Du Xiuli Wang Ningyi Yuan Jianning Ding Shengzhong(Frank)Liu Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEMDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710119ShaanxiChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Photovoltaic Engineering and Science Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164.Jiangsu.China

With ideal combination of benefits that selectively converts high photon energy spectrum into electricity while transmitting low energy photo ns for photos yn thesis,the CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite solar cell(BPSC)is a promising candidate for efficient greenhouse based building integrated photovoltaic(BIPV)applications.However,the efficiency of BPSCs is still much lower than their theoretical efficiency.In general,interface band alignment is regarded as the vital factor of the BPSCs whereas only few reports on enhancing perovskite film quality.In this work,highly efficient BPSCs were fabricated by improving the crystallization process of CH3NH3PbBr3 with the assistance of anti-solvents.A new anti-solvent of diphenyl ether(DPE)was developed for its strong interaction with the solvents in the perovskite precursor solution.By using the anti-solvent of DPE,trap-state density of the CH3NH3PbBr3 film is reduced and the electron lifetime is enhanced along with the large-grain crystals compared with the samples from conventional anti-solvent of chlorobenzene.Upon preliminary optimization,the efficiencies of typical and semitransparent BPSCs are improved to as high as 9.54%and 7.51%,respectively.Optical absorption measurement demonstrates that the cell without metal electrode shows 80%transparency in the wavelength range of 550-1000 nm that is perfect for greenhouse vegetation.Considering that the cell absorbs light in the blue spectrum before 550 nm,it offers very high solar cell efficiency with only 17.8%of total photons,while over 60%of total photons can transm让through for photosynthesis if a transparent electrode can be obtained such as indium doped SnO2.

关键词： CH3NH3PbBr3 Semitransparent perovskite solar cell Anti-solvent Greenhouse

Influence of TiCl_4 treatment on performance of dye-sensitized solar cell assembled with nano-TiO_2 coating deposited by vacuum cold spraying

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Rare Metals 2006年第Z1期25卷 163-168页

作者： FAN Shengqiang LI Changjiu YANG Guanjun ZHANG Lingzi State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi''an Jiaotong University Xi''an 710049China State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi''an Jiaotong University Xi''an 710049China State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi''an Jiaotong University Xi''an 710049China State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi''an Jiaotong University Xi''an 710049China

Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) treatment was employed to TiO2 coating deposited on fluoride-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting glass and indium oxide doped tin oxide (ITO) conducting glass, respectively. The nano-crystalline TiO2 coating was deposited using a composite powder composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 25 nm TiO2 particles by vacuum cold spraying (VCS) process. A commercial N-719 dye was used to adsorb on the surface of TiO2 coating to prepare TiO2 electrode, which was applied to assemble dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC). The cell performance was measured under simulated solar light at an intensity of 100 mW·cm-2. Results show that with an FTO substrate the DSC composed of a VCS TiO2 electrode untreated by TiCl4 gives a short-circuit current density of 13.1 mA·cm-2 and an open circuit voltage of 0.60 V corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency of 4.4%. It is found that after TiCl4 treatment to the VCS TiO2 electrode with an FTO substrate, the short circuit current density of the cell increases by 31%, the open-circuit voltage increases by 60 mV and a higher conversion yield of 6.5% was obtained. However, when an ITO substrate is used to deposit TiO2 coating by VCS, after TiCl4 treatment, the conversion efficiency of the assembled cell reduces slightly due to corrosion of the conducting layer on the ITO glass by TiCl4.

关键词： titanium tetrachloride treatment vacuum cold spraying dye-sensitized solar cell nano-crystalline TiO2 coating

solar wind transport into magnetosphere caused by magnetic reconnection at high latitude magnetopause during northward IMF: Cluster-DSP conjunction observations

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1677-1684页

作者： M. DUNLOP E. LUCEK H. RME C. M. CARR Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine London United Kingdom CESR BP4346 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4 France

An event of Cluster-Double Star conjunction observations of magnetic reconnec-tion at high latitude magnetopause nightside of both cusps and solar wind trans-port into magnetosphere caused by such reconnection process has been investi-gated. During northward IMF, Cluster/SC1 observed accelerated flows and ion heating associated with magnetic reconnection at high latitude magnetopause nightside of southern cusp. And Double Star observed cold dense solar wind plasma transported into dayside magnetosphere. The analysis on such conjunction observations shows that: (1) during northward IMF, magnetic reconnection occurs at high latitude nightside of southern cusp, accompanied by accelerated flows that are observed by Cluster/SC1; (2) the direction of the accelerated flows, with its sunward component Vx, dawnward component Vy, northward component Vz, is quite consistent with the theoretical anticipation under the condition of northward IMF with dawnward component By; (3) reconnection can heat plasma more in par-allel direction than in perpendicular direction, to a level of about 4 keV; (4) with reconnection taking place at high latitude magnetopause nightside of the southern cusp, TC-1 observed cold and dense plasma transported into magnetosphere; (5) by reconnection at high latitude magnetopause nightside of both cusps, solar wind flux tube can be captured by magnetosphere and pulled into dayside magneto-sphere. This event presents further observational evidence for magnetic reconnec-tion at high latitude magnetopause nightside of both cusps as an important mech-anism of sol-ar w-ind transport into magnetosphere.

关键词： transport process magnetic reconnection solar wind-magnetosphere interactions

Tailored PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer for higher performance in perovskite solar cells: Enhancement of electrical and optical properties with improved morphology

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第5期29卷 41-50页

作者： Khan Mamun Reza Ashim Gurung Behzad Bahrami Sally Mabrouk Hytham Elbohy Rajesh Pathak Ke Chen Ashraful Haider Chowdhury Md Tawabur Rahman Steven Letourneau Hao-Cheng Yang Gopalan Saianand Jeffrey WElam Seth BDarling Qiquan Qiao Department of Electrical Engineering Center for Advanced PhotovoltaicsSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookings 57007SDUSA Physics Department Damietta UniversityNew Damietta 34517Egypt Applied Materials Division Argonne National LaboratoryArgonne 60439ILUSA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryArgonne 60439ILUSA Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleCallaghan 2308New South WalesAustralia Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont 60439ILUSA Institute for Molecular Engineering Argonne National LaboratoryLemont 60439ILUSA Institute for Molecular Engineering University of ChicagoChicago 60637ILUSA

Precise control over the charge carrier dynamics throughout the device can result in outstanding performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)is the most actively studied hole transport material in p-i-n structured PSCs.However,charge transport in the PEDOT:PSS is limited and inefficient because of its low conductivity with the presence of the weak ionic conductor PSS.In addition,morphology of the underlying PEDOT:PSS layer in PSCs plays a crucial role in determining the optoelectronic quality of the active perovskite absorber layer.This work is focused on realization of a non-wetting conductive surface of hole transport layer suitable for the growth of larger perovskite crystalline domains.This is accomplished by employing a facile solventengineered(ethylene glycol and methanol)approach resulting in removal of the predominant PSS in PEDOT:PSS.The consequence of acquiring larger perovskite crystalline domains was observed in the charge carrier dynamics studies,with the achievement of higher charge carrier lifetime,lower charge transport time and lower transfer impedance in the solvent-engineered PEDOT:PSS-based PSCs.Use of this solventengineered treatment for the fabrication of MAPbI3 PSCs greatly increased the device stability witnessing a power conversion efficiency of 18.18%,which corresponds to^37%improvement compared to the untreated PEDOT:PSS based devices.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells PEDOT:PSS treatment Hole transport layer Non-wetting PEDOT:PSS surface

Particles in a circulation loop for solar energy capture and storage

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Particuology 2019年第2期17卷 149-156页

作者： Q. Kang G. Flamant R. Dewil J. Baeyens H.L. Zhang Y.M. Deng KU Leuven Department of Chemical Engineering Process and Environmental Technology Lab. 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver Belgium Processes. Materials and solar Energy Laboratory PROMES-CNRS 66120 Font Romeu France European Powder & Process Technology 3120 Tremelo Belgium Beijing University of Chemical Technology School of Life Science and Technology Beijing 10029 China

This study defines and assesses the selection ciiteria for suitable particulate materials to be used in an upflow bubbling fluidized bed (UBFB) or dense up-flow powder circulation system for solar energy capture and storage. The main criteria identified are based on the thermophysical and thermomechanical properties, attrition behavior, and the considerations of health and environmental hazards of the candidate powders. Finally, a cost comparison and tentative ranking of the different can didate powders is presented in addition to a weighted scoring. Significant scoring differences can be observed between the various materials. Olivine possesses the most favorable characteristics and appears to be the particulate material of choice for solid/gas suspension heat transfer fluids.

关键词： Concentrated solar power Particle-in-tube receiver Particle properties Selection criteria

Antimony Selenide Thin Film solar Cells with an Electron Transport Layer of Alq3

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Chinese Physics Letters 2020年第10期37卷 125-130页

作者：师文建阚泽明程传辉李文慧宋航琪李萌于东麒杜秀云刘维峰金盛烨丛书林 School of Physics and Electronic Technology Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029China School of Physics Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023 China

We fabricated Sb 2 Se 3 thin film solar cells using tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminum(Alq 3)as an electron transport layer by vacuum thermal evaporation.Another small organic molecule of N,N'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine(NPB)was used as a hole transport layer.We took ITO/NPB/Sb 2 Se 3/Alq 3/Al as the device architecture.An open circuit voltage(V o c)of 0.37 V,a short circuit current density(J s c)of 21.2 mA/cm 2,and a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 3.79%were obtained on an optimized device.A maximum external quantum efficiency of 73%was achieved at 600 nm.The J s c,V o c,and PCE were dramatically enhanced after introducing an electron transport layer of Alq 3.The results suggest that the interface state density at Sb 2 Se 3/Al interface is decreased by inserting an Alq 3 layer,and the charge recombination loss in the device is suppressed.This work provides a new electron transport material for Sb 2 Se 3 thin film solar cells.

关键词： transport solar interface

Experimental Study on Hybrid Organic Phase Change Materials Used for solar Energy Storage

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第2期29卷 486-491页

作者： WANG Zanshe LI Ran HU Juntao HU Xianwei GU Zhaolin School of Human Settlement and Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXiran 710049China

The solar energy utilization in built environment has been limited due to its low heat flux, uneven distribution in time and space and temporal difference in day and night. The phase change materials have been used to collect the fluctuant solar energy to form a stable energy source for the terminal equipment of the buildings. In this study, the hybrid organic phase change materials was prepared for the capillary radiant heating system which formed a cascade utilization of solar energy. Firstly, lauric acid and stearic acid were selected as the basic organic phase change materials and the binary equilibrium phase diagram was completed based on the method of step cooling curve according to the experimental tests data. The results showed that the phase transition temperature of the mixed acid at the lowest eutectic point was 31.2℃ and the latent heat value was 264.3 kJ/kg when the mass mixing ratio was 70% for lauric acid and 30% for stearic acid. Secondly, the expanded graphite was used as an additive to enwrap the mixed acid and enhance the heat conductivity. The experimental results showed that when the mass proportion of expanded graphite in the mixed acid was 10%, the mixed acid could be completely enclosed by expanded graphite and the stability of melting and solidification was optimal. Additionally, the phase transition temperature of the hybrid phase change material was 31.5℃ and the latent heat value was 217.4 kJ/kg. The novel hybrid phase change material has a lower eutectic point and a higher latent heat of phase change, so it has a large application space and is quite suitable for the cascade utilization of solar energy with capillary network heating system.

关键词： lauric acid stearic acid expanded graphite phase change material solar energy