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Overview of the solar Polar Orbit Telescope Project for Space Weather Mission

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空间科学学报 2016年第3期36卷 245-266页

作者： XIONG Ming LIU Ying LIU Hao LI Baoquan ZHENG Jianhua ZHANG Cheng XIA Lidong ZHANG Hongxin RAO Wei CHEN Changya SUN Weiying WU Xia DENG Yuanyong HE Han JIANG Bo WANG Yuming WANG Chuanbing SHEN Chenglong ZHANG Haiying ZHANG Shenyi YANG Xuan SANG Peng WU Ji National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Space Weather Sciences Shandong University at Weihai Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The solar Polar ORbit Telescope(SPORT) project for space weather mission has been under intensive scientific and engineering background studies since it was incorporated into the Chinese Space Science Strategic Pioneer Project in *** is designed to carry a suite of remote-sensing and in-situ instruments to observe Coronal Mass Ejections(CMEs),energetic particles,solar high-latitude magnetism,and the fast solar wind from a polar orbit around the *** first extended view of the polar regions of the Sun and the ecliptic enabled by SPORT will provide a unique opportunity to study CME propagation through the inner heliosphere,and the solar high-latitude magnetism giving rise to eruptions and the fast solar *** observations between SPORT and other spaceborne/ground-based facilities within the International Living With a Star(ILWS) framework can significantly enhance scientific *** is now competing for official selection and implementation during China's 13 th Five-Year Plan period of 2016-2020.

关键词： Space weather Coronal mass ejection solar magnetism solar wind solar energetic particle

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Research Progress of solar Corona and Interplanetary Physics in China:2010—2012

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空间科学学报 2012年第5期32卷 618-646页

作者： ZHAO Xinhua XIANG Changqing State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190

The scientific objective of solar corona and interplanetary research is the understanding of the various phenomena related to solar activities and their effects on the space environments of the *** progress has been made in the study of solar corona and interplanetary physics by the Chinese space physics community during the past *** paper will give a brief report about the latest progress of the corona and interplanetary research in China during the years of *** paper can be divided into the following parts:solar corona and solar ***, magnetic reconnection,energetic particles,space plasma,space weather numerical modeling by 3D SIP-CESE MHD model,space weather prediction methods,and proposed *** constitute the abundant content of study for the complicated phenomena that originate from the solar corona,propagate in interplanetary space,and produce geomagnetic *** these progresses are acquired by the Chinese space physicists,either independently or through international collaborations.

关键词： solar wind Coronal Mass Ejection(CME) Interplanetary transients Space weather

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Global distributions of storm-time ionospheric currents as seen in geomagnetic field variations

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Advances in Polar Science 2013年第4期24卷 296-314页

作者： Atsuki Shinbori Tomoaki Hori Yoshimasa Tanaka Yukinobu Koyama Takashi Kiku-chi Tsutomu Nagatsuma Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere GokashoUjiKyoto 611-0011Japan solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory Nagoya UniversityFurou-choChikusa-kuNagoyaAichi 464-8614Japan National Institute of Polar Research 10-3 Midori-choTachikawaTokyo 190-8518Japan Data Analysis Center for Geomagnetism and Space Magnetism Graduate School of ScienceKyoto UniversityKitashi-rakawa-Oiwake ChoSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8502Japan National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 4-2-1NukuikitamachiKoganeiTokyo 184-0015Japan

To investigate temporal and spatial evolution of global geomagnetic field variations from high-latitude to the equator during geomagnetic storms, we analyzed ground geomagnetic field disturbances from high latitudes to the magnetic equator. The daytime ionospheric equivalent current during the storm main phase showed that twin-vortex ionospheric currents driven by the Region 1 field-aligned currents （R1 FACs） are intensified significantly and expand to the low-latitude region of-30~ magnetic latitude. Centers of the currents were located around 70~ and 65~ in the morning and afternoon, respectively. Corresponding to intensification of the R1 FACs, an enhancement of the eastward/westward equatorial electrojet occurred at the daytime/nighttime dip equator. This signature suggests that the enhanced convection electric field penetrates to both the daytime and nighttime equa- tor. During the recovery phase, the daytime equivalent current showed that two new pairs of twin vortices, which are different from two-cell ionospheric currents driven by the R1 FACs, appear in the polar cap and mid latitude. The former led to enhanced north- ward Bz （NBZ） FACs driven by lobe reconnection tailward of the cusps, owing to the northward interplanetary magnetic field （IMF）. The latter was generated by enhanced Region 2 field-aligned currents （R2 FACs）. Associated with these magnetic field variations in the mid-latitudes and polar cap, the equatorial magnetic field variation showed a strongly negative signature, produced by the westward equatorial electrojet current caused by the dusk-to-dawn electric field.

关键词： solar wind interplanetary magnetic field geomagnetic storm convection electric field field-alignedcurrents equatorial electrojet NBZ FAC system

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Photometric and Statistical Analysis of solar Energetic Particle (SEP) for the Peak of solar Cycle 24

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第3期6卷 276-287页

作者： Wafaa Zaki Atheer Zidane Amjad Al-Sawad Department of Physics College of Science University of Kirkuk Kirkuk Iraq Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku Turku Finland

The major solar energetic particle events for the peak of solar cycle (24) for years (2012-2015) are analyzed by using the Energetic and Relativistic Nucleus and Electrons (ERNE) detectors and Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment (LASCO) on board SOHO. It is found that the number of events which satisfies the required condition was 82 events. LASCO give information about Central Position Angle (CPA), Angular Width (AW), the speed of associated Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and their basic features which cataloged in a data base SOHO/LASCO. The logarithmic intensity-time profile of SEP for the peak of solar cycle (24) was provided by ERNE, and from this profile the injection time, width, speed and onset time were estimated. All results that arise from these photometric analysis were statistically analyzed by using the statistical program SPSS (version 19). It have been concluded that 90% of these events were halo (360°) CPA, 1% of North West, 4% South West and 2% North East and South East, as well as it was found that 39% gradual events and 29% impulsive events while 32% were not clear events, and also the acceleration of the energetic particle is not only in the interplanetary but also in the location of the event. We found from the statistical analysis for these events that the acceleration is inversely proportional to speed and the relationship between them is not relevant and also the speed increase in two regions, from year 2012 and 2014. This confirms that the peak of solar cycle (24) really is double peak. All these investigations were employed as data base for the space agencies to protect the solar wind.

关键词： Coronal Mass Ejections CMEs solar wind solar Energetic Particles SEPs SOHO-LASCO-ERNE: Data Base solar Cycle (24)

From the Beginning of the World to the Beginning of Life on Earth

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2021年第4期7卷 1503-1523页

作者： Vladimir S. Netchitailo Biolase Inc. Irvine USA

Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) is, in fact, a Paradigm Shift in Cosmology [1]. In this paper, we provide seven Pillars of WUM: Medium of the World;Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters;Creation of Matter;Multicomponent Dark Matter;Macroobjects;Volcanic Rotational Fission;Dark Matter Reactors. We describe the evolution of the World from the Beginning up to the birth of the solar System and discuss the condition of the Early Earth before the beginning of life on it.

关键词： Hypersphere World-Universe Model Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum Dark Epoch Volcanic Rotational Fission Luminous Epoch Dark Matter Particles Macroobject Shell Model Dark Matter Core Medium of the World Dark Matter Fermi Bubbles Galactic wind solar wind Intergalactic Plasma Macroobjects Gravitomagnetic Parameter Impedance Energy Density Gravitational Parameter Hubble’s Parameter Temperature of Microwave Background Radiation Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters Dark Matter Reactor Early Earth Formation of Earth Origin of Moon Continental Crust of Earth Earth’s Atmosphere and Oceans Origin of Life

Hypersphere World-Universe Model: Evolution of the World

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2021年第2期7卷 508-530页

作者： Vladimir S. Netchitailo Biolase Inc. Cromwell CA USA

The main objective of this paper is to discuss the Evolution of a 3D Finite World (that is a Hypersphere of a 4D Nucleus of the World) from the Beginning up to the present Epoch in frames of World-Universe Model (WUM). WUM is the only cosmological model in existence that is consistent with the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum. To be consistent with this Fundamental Law, WUM introduces Dark Epoch (spanning from the Beginning of the World for 0.45 billion years) when only Dark Matter (DM) Macroobjects (MOs) existed, and Luminous Epoch (ever since for 13.77 billion years) when Luminous MOs emerged due to Rotational Fission of Overspinning DM Superclusters’ Cores and self-annihilation of Dark Matter Particles (DMPs). WUM envisions that DM is created by the Universe in the 4D Nucleus of the World. Dark Matter Particles (DMPs) carry new DM into the 3D Hypersphere World. Luminous Matter is a byproduct of DMPs self-annihilation. By analogy with 3D ball, which has two-dimensional sphere surface (that has surface energy), we can imagine that the 3D Hypersphere World has a “Surface Energy” of the 4D Nucleus. WUM solves a number of physical problems in contemporary Cosmology and Astrophysics through DMPs and their interactions: Angular Momentum problem in birth and subsequent evolution of Galaxies and Extrasolar systems—how do they obtain it;Fermi Bubbles—two large structures in gamma-rays and X-rays above and below Galactic center;Missing Baryon problem related to the fact that the observed amount of baryonic matter did not match theoretical predictions. WUM reveals Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters and calculates their values, which are in good agreement with the latest results of their measurements. In 2013, WUM predicted the values of the following Cosmological parameters: gravitational, concentration of intergalactic plasma, and the minimum energy of photons, which were experimentally confirmed in 2015-2018. “The Di

关键词： Hypersphere World-Universe Model Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum Dark Epoch Rotational Fission Luminous Epoch Dark Matter Particles Macroobject Shell Model Dark Matter Core Medium of the World Dark Matter Fermi Bubbles Galactic wind solar wind Gamma-Ray Bursts Gravitational Bursts Intergalactic Plasma Cosmological Time solar Time Macroobjects Supremacy of Matter Gravitomagnetic Parameter Impedance Energy Density Gravitational Parameter Hubble’s Parameter Temperature of Microwave Background Radiation Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters Dark Matter Reactor

Hypersphere World-Universe Model: Basic Ideas

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2020年第4期6卷 710-752页

作者： Vladimir S. Netchitailo Biolase Inc. 4 Cromwell Irvine CA USA

Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) envisions Matter carried from the Universe into the World from the fourth spatial dimension by Dark Matter Particles (DMPs). Luminous Matter is a byproduct of Dark Matter (DM) self-annihilation. WUM introduces Dark Epoch (spanning from the Beginning of the World for 0.45 billion years) and Luminous Epoch (ever since for 13.77 billion years). Big Bang discussed in Standard Cosmology (SC) is, in our view, transition from Dark Epoch to Luminous Epoch due to Rotational Fission of Overspinning DM Supercluster’s Cores and self-annihilation of DMPs. WUM solves a number of physical problems in SC and Astrophysics through DMPs and their interactions: Angular Momentum problem in birth and subsequent evolution of Galaxies and Extrasolar systems;Fermi Bubbles—two large structures in gamma-rays and X-rays above and below Galactic center;Coronal Heating problem in solar physics—temperature of Sun’s corona exceeding that of photosphere by millions of degrees;Cores of Sun and Earth rotating faster than their surfaces;Diversity of Gravitationally-Rounded objects in solar system and their Internal Heating. Model makes predictions pertaining to Rest Energies of DMPs, proposes New Type of their Interactions. WUM reveals Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters and calculates their values, which are in good agreement with the latest results of their measurements.

关键词： Hypersphere World-Universe Model Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum Dark Epoch Rotational Fission Luminous Epoch Dark Matter Particles Self-Annihilation Macroobject Shell Model Dark Matter Core Medium of the World Dark Matter Fermi Bubbles solar Corona Geocorona Planetary Corona Galactic wind solar wind Gamma-Ray Bursts Gravitational Bursts Fast Radio Bursts Dark Matter Reactor Lightning Initiation Problem Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes Missing Baryon Problem Energy-Varying Photons

Hypersphere World-Universe Model

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2021年第2期7卷 915-941页

作者： Vladimir S. Netchitailo Biolase Inc. Irvine CA USA

Dirac’s themes were the unity and beauty of Nature. He identified three revolutions in modern physics: Relativity, Quantum Mechanics and Cosmology. In his opinion: “The new cosmology will probably turn out to be philosophically even more revolutionary than relativity or the quantum theory, perhaps looking forward to the current bonanza in cosmology, where precise observations on some of the most distant objects in the universe are shedding light on the nature of reality, on the nature of matter and on the most advanced quantum theories” [Farmelo, G. (2009) The Strangest Man. The Hidden Life of Paul Dirac, Mystic of the Atom. Basic Books, Britain, 661 p]. In 1937, Paul Dirac proposed the Large Number Hypothesis and the Hypothesis of the variable gravitational “constant”;and later added the notion of continuous creation of Matter in the World. The developed Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) follows these ideas, albeit introducing a different mechanism of matter creation. In this paper, we show that WUM is a natural continuation of Classical Physics and it can already serve as a basis for a New Cosmology proposed by Paul Dirac.

关键词： Hypersphere World-Universe Model Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum Dark Epoch Rotational Fission Luminous Epoch Dark Matter Particles Macroobject Shell Model Dark Matter Core Medium of the World Dark Matter Fermi Bubbles Galactic wind solar wind Gravitational Bursts Intergalactic Plasma Macroobjects Supremacy of Matter Gravitomagnetic parameter Impedance Energy Density Gravitational Parameter Hubble’s Parameter Temperature of Microwave Background Radiation Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters Dark Matter Reactor

Possible Association between Space Weather Variables, and the World’s COVID-19 Cases

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第5期10卷 64-76页

作者： Maghrabi Abdullrahman National Centre for Applied Physics King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh Saudi Arabia

This study aims to investigate the influential role of space weather parameters on the transmission of COVID-19. solar radio flux, interplanetary magnetic field, Dst index, sunspot number, and solar wind speed were utilized to represent the space weather variables. The association of the considered variables to the number of the confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide along with five geographical categories, i.e. Asia, Europe, Africa, South, and North America, were investigated for a period ranging from 20 January 2020 to 5 August 2021 using Pearson linear tests as well as the non-parametric Spearman’s and Kendall’s rank correlation tests. Pearson linear tests showed that the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide and the chosen geographical categories have a significant correlation to interplanetary magnetic strength, solar radio flux F10.7, and sunspot number. When the confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in the Asia continent were excluded, the solar wind speed correlated significantly with the number of COVID-19 cases reported elsewhere in the world and the other geographical categories. The non-parametric Kendall and Pearson tests showed that the world’s COVID-19 cases and the other geographical categories had significant correlations with the interplanetary magnetic field, radio flux F10.7, sunspot number, and the solar wind speed, but not with the Dst index.

关键词： COVID-19 Infectious Diseases solar Activity Magnetic Field solar wind