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Effects of Elemental Sulphur and Farmyard Manure on ph and Salinity of Calcareous Sandy Loam soil and Some Nutrient Elements in Tomato Plant

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2011年第1期5卷 20-26页

作者： S. Orman M. Kaplan soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department Faculty of Agriculture Akdeniz University P.O. Code 07059 Antalya Turkey

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of elemental sulphur （S） and farmyard manure on soil ph, EC and N, S, P concentrations of tomato grown in a calcareous sandy loam soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Sulphur was applied at 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400 mg kg~ and farmyard manure at 0, 3 ton da^-1 to the soil. Three weeks after applications, tomato seedlings were planted and 8 weeks later, the plants were harvested to determine N, S, P concentrations and dry matter yield. soil ph and EC were determined in the soil samples taken at 3 different periods. Effects of sulphur and farmyard manure applications were not significant on N, P concentrations and dry matter yield of tomato plant. S concentration of tomato plant was increased by sulphur alone. soil ph was decreased and soil EC was increased in both 2^nd and 3^rd soil sampling period by the sulphur applications. As a result of farmyard manure application, soil ph decreased in the 2^nd soil sampling period but increased in the 3^rd soil sampling period. Also, soil EC was significantly increased in 1^st and 3^rd soil sampling period. Farmyard manure had no significant effect on S supply to tomato plant. The N：S ratio of tomato plant was decreased by sulphur alone. However, the sulphur with farmyard manure applications decreased N：S ratio in lesser extend compared to the S applications.

关键词： Elemental sulphur farmyard manure soil ph soil EC calcareous soil tomato N P S N:S ratio

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on arsenic accumulation by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第9期21卷 1214-1220页

作者： HUA Jianfeng LIN Xiangui YIN Rui JIANG Qian SHAO Yufang State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China. Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210014 China soil and Environment Analysis Center Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Bioengineering College of lnner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot 010019 China

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi （from contaminated or uncontaminated soils） on arsenic （As） uptake of tobacco （Nicotiana tabacurn L.） in As-contaminated soil. Mycorrhizal colonization rate, dry weight, As and P uptake by plants, concentrations of water-extractable As and As fractions were determined. A low mycorrhizal colonization rate （〈 25%） was detected. Our research indicated that AM fungi isolated from polluted soils were no more effective than those from unpolluted soils when grown in symbiosis with tobacco. No significant differences were observed in roots and stalks dry weights among all treatments. Leaves and total plant dry weights were much higher in Glomus versiforme treatment than that in control treatment. As contents in roots and stalks from mycorrhizal treatments were much lower than that from control treatment. Total plant As content exhibited the same trend. P concentrations in tobacco were not affected by colonization, nor were stalks, leaves and total plant P contents. Roots P contents were remarkably lower in HN treatments than in other treatments. Meanwhile, decreased soil ph and lower water-extractable As concentrations and higher levels of As fraction bound to well-crystallized hydrous oxides of Fe and AI were found in mycorrhizal treatments than in controls. The protective effect of mycorrhiza against plant As uptake may be associated with changes in As solubility mediated by changing soil ph. These results indicated that under As stress, proper mechanisms employed by AM fungi can protect tobacco against As uptake. Results confirmed that AM fungi can play an important role in food quality and safety.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi arsenic tobacco soil ph

Community structure and elevational diversity patterns of soil Acidobacteria

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第8期26卷 1717-1724页

作者： Yuguang Zhang Jing Cong Hui Lu Guangliang Li Yuanyuan Qu Xiujiang Su Jizhong Zhou Diqiang Li Institute of Forestry Ecology Environment and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry AdministrationChinese Academy of Forestry School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering Central South University Institute for Environmental Genomics Department of Botany and MicrobiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Hunan Baiyunshan National Nature Reserve

Acidobacteria is one of the most dominant and abundant phyla in soil,and was believed to have a wide range of metabolic and genetic functions. Relatively little is known about its community structure and elevational diversity patterns. We selected four elevation gradients from 1000 to 2800 m with typical vegetation types of the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in central China. The vegetation types were evergreen broadleaved forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,coniferous forest and sub-alpine shrubs. We analyzed the soil acidobacterial community composition,elevational patterns and the relationship between Acidobacteria subdivisions and soil enzyme activities by using the 16 S rRNA meta-sequencing technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The result found that 19 known subdivisions as well as an unclassified phylotype were presented in these forest sites,and Subdivision 6 has the highest number of detectable operational taxonomic units（OTUs）. A significant single peak distribution pattern（P 〈 0.05） between the OTU number and the elevation was observed. The Jaccard and Bray–Curtis index analysis showed that the soil Acidobacteria compositional similarity significantly decreased（P 〈 0.01） with the increase in elevation distance. Mantel test analysis showed the most of the soil Acidobacteria subdivisions had the significant relationship（P 〈 0.01） with different soil enzymes. Therefore,soil Acidobacteria may be involved in different ecosystem functions in global elemental cycles. Partial Mantel tests and CCA analysis showed that soil ph,soil temperature and plant diversity may be the key factors in shaping the soil Acidobacterial community structure.

关键词： Elevational pattern Potential metabolic activity Acidobacterial subdivision soil ph Driving factor Environmental change

Distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in surface soils along an altitudinal transect at cold and humid Mountain Changbai:Implications for the reconstruction of paleoaltimetry and paleoclimate

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第7期61卷 925-939页

作者： Yue LI Shijin ZHAO Hongye PEI Shi QIAN Jingiie ZANG Xinyue DANG Huan YANG School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers(GDGTs)serve as important tools for the quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate and paleoecology in both continental and marine *** studies of GDGTs in the terrestrial environments focused primarily on the soils from the relatively warm-humid or cold-dry ***,it is still unclear how GDGTs respond to environmental variables in the cold-humid ***,we collected soils along an altitudinal transect of Mountain(Mt.)Changbai,which has a typical cold-humid climate,to investigate the distribution of GDGTs and the response of GDGT-based proxies to changes in climate along the *** shift in the distribution of archaeal isoprenoidal GDGTs(iso GDGTs)revealed that the archaeal community varied significantly along the transect,which can affect the relationship between TEX_(86)and mean annual air temperature(MAT).In addition,the increased temperature seasonality at higher altitudes exerted a significant impact on TEX_(86).We proposed a global calibration of TEX_(86)for the growing season temperature reconstruction in the soil environments:T=85.19×TEX_(86)-46.30(R^2=0.84,psoil water content but no relationship with MAT,indicating that MBT′_(5me)and MBT_(5/6)from cold-humid environments may be not suitable for temperature and altitude *** contrast,the recently developed p H proxies,including MBT′_(6me)(the methylation index for 6-methyl br GDGTs),CBT(Cyclisation index of Branched Tetraethers),IR_(IIa’)(Isomer ratio of IIa′)and IR_(IIIa′)(Isomer ratio of IIIa′)exhibited significant correlations with soil p H,suggesting these proxies can still be used for soil p H reconstruction in the coldhumid *** combination of MBT′_(5me)and MBT′_(6me)was strongly related to different types of climate(cold-dry,warmhumid,cold-humid,and warm-dry).For example,MBT′_(5me)<0

关键词： Cold-humid climate GDGTs Temperature soil ph soil water content

Impacts of low-intensity prescribed fire on microbial and chemical soil properties in a Quercus frainetto forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第3期29卷 683-692页

作者： Serdar Akburak Yowhan Son Ender Makineci Meric Cakir Faculty of Forestry Soil Science and Ecology DepartmentIstanbul University34473 BahcekoySariyerIstanbulTurkey Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea University145 Anam-roSeongbuk-guSeoul 136-713Korea Faculty of Forestry Soil Science and Ecology DepartmentCankiri Karatekin University18100 CankkiriTurkey

Prescribed fire is a common economical and effective forestry practice, and therefore it is important to understand the effects of fire on soil properties for better soil management. We investigated the impacts of low-intensity prescribed fire on the microbial and chemical properties of the top soil in a Hungarian oak(Quercus frainetto Ten.) forest. The research focused on microbial soil parameters(microbial soil respiration(RSM), soil microbial biomass carbon(Cmic) and metabolic quotient(qCO2) and chemical topsoil properties(soil acidity(ph),electrical conductivity(EC), carbon(C), nitrogen(N), C/N ratio and exchangeable cations). Mean annual comparisons show significant differences in four parameters(C/N ratio,soil ph, Cmic and qCO2) while monthly comparisons do not reveal any significant differences. soil ph increased slightly in the burned plots and had a significantly positive correlation with exchangeable cations Mg, Ca, Mn and *** mean annual C/N ratio was significantly higher in the burned plots(28.5:1) than in the control plots(27.0:1). The mean annual Cmic(0.6 mg g-1) was significantly lower although qCO2(2.5 lg CO2–C mg Cmic h-1) was significantly higher, likely resulting from the microbial response to fire-induced environmental stress. Low-intensity prescribed fire caused very short-lived changes. The annual mean values of C/N ratio, ph, Cmic and qCO2showed significant differences.

关键词： C/N Exchangeable cations Microbial biomass carbon qCO_2 soil ph

Spatial variability of soil properties in red soil and its implications for site-specific fertilizer management

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第9期19卷 2313-2325页

作者： SONG Fang-fang XU Ming-gang DUAN Ying-hua CAI Ze-jiang WEN Shi-lin CHEN Xian-ni SHI Wei-qi Gilles COLINET National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech University of LiegeGembloux 5030Belgium South Subtropical Crop Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesZhanjiang 524091P.R.China College of Agriculture Henan University of Science&TechnologyLuoyang 471003P.R.China

Assessing spatial variability and mapping of soil properties constitute important prerequisites for soil and crop management in agricultural areas. To explore the relationship between soil spatial variability and land management, 256 samples were randomly collected at two depths (surface layer 0–20 cm and subsurface layer 20–40 cm) under different land use types and soil parent materials in Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province, a red soil region of China. The ph, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation (BS) of the soil samples were examined and mapped. The results indicated that soils in Yujiang were acidified, with an average ph of 4.87 (4.03–6.46) in the surface layer and 4.99 (4.03–6.24) in the subsurface layer. SOM and TN were significantly higher in the surface layer (27.6 and 1.50 g kg–1, respectively) than in the subsurface layer (12.1 and 0.70 g kg–1, respectively), while both CEC and BS were low (9.0 and 8.0 cmol kg–1, 29 and 38% for surface and subsurface layers, respectively). Paddy soil had higher ph (mean 4.99) than upland and forest soils, while soil derived from river alluvial deposits (RAD) had higher ph (mean 5.05) than the other three parent materials in both layers. Geostatistical analysis revealed that the best fit models were exponential for ph and TN, and spherical for BS in both layers, while spherical and Gaussian were the best fitted for SOM and CEC in the surface and subsurface layers. Spatial dependency varied from weak to strong for the different soil properties in both soil layers. The maps produced by selecting the best predictive variables showed that SOM, TN, and CEC had moderate levels in most parts of the study area. This study highlights the importance of site-specific agricultural management and suggests guidelines for appropriate land management decisions.

关键词： spatial variability soil ph CEC BS site-specific fertilizer management

Fertilization practices affect biological nitrogen fixation by modulating diazotrophic communities in an acidic soil in southern China

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Pedosphere 2023年第2期33卷 301-311页

作者： Long GUO Chao WANG Manman ZHENG Wenxing LI Zejiang CAI Boren WANG Juan CHEN Ren Fang SHEN State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049(China) Qiyang Red soil Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQiyang 426182(China) Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098(China)

Biological nitrogen(N)fixation(BNF)driven by diazotrophs is an important pathway for N input in agricultural ***,free-living BNF and its associated diazotrophic communities under different fertilization practices in acidic soils are poorly ***,we conducted a long-term(29 years)fertilization experiment to explore how fertilization affected free-living BNF via changing biotic and abiotic *** fertilization treatments included an unfertilized control(CK),chemical N,phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)fertilizers(NPK),NPK plus lime(NPKL),NPK plus straw(NPKS),NPK plus straw and lime(NPKSL),and NPK plus manure(NPKM).Compared with CK(1.51 nmol C_(2)H_(2)g^(-1)d^(-1)),BNF rate was significantly(Pphic communities,whereas the treatment with manure had a positive effect on diazotrophic abundance(3.23×10^(8)copies g^(-1))and Shannon index(3.36).Non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA)suggested that manure application(R^(2)=0.212,P=0.001)had a stronger influence on diazotrophic community composition than the addition of lime(R^(2)=0.115,P=0.019)or straw(R^(2)=0.064,P=0.161).Random forest modeling revealed that BNF rates can be significantly(Psoil ph(9.9%),diazotrophic community attributes(composition,8.5%;Chao 1 index,8.1%;abundance,6.0%;Shannon index,5.7%),and soil total carbon(5.1%).Partial least squares path modeling(PLS-PM)suggested that the diazotrophic community attributes and soil properties mainly provided direct and indirect contributions to the variations in BNF rates,*** dominant genera,Pelomonas,Azospirillum,and Dechloromonas,were positiv

关键词： chemical fertilizer community composition free-living N fixation long-term fertilization practices manure application soil ph

Synergistic Effects of Biochar and NPK Fertilizer on Soybean Yield in an Alkaline soil

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 713-719页

作者： Fatima Z.METE Shamim MIA Feike A.DIJKSTRA Md.ABUYUSUF A.S.M.Iqbal HOSSAIN Department of Agronomy Patuakhali Science and Technology University Department of Environmental Science The University of Sydney

Biochar effects on legume growth and biological nitrogen fixation have been studied extensively, mostly in acidic soils with laboratory produced biochar. In the present study, a pot experiment in a full factorial experimental design was performed to examine soybean yield and nodulation of three genotypes grown with or without biochar and NPK fertilizers in an alkaline soil. We observed synergistic effects of biochar and NPK fertilizer applications on biomass and seed yields for all three soybean genotypes. Total biomass production and seed yield increased on average by 67% and 54%, respectively, with biochar and by 201% and 182% with NPK fertilizer application compared to the control. When applications of biochar and NPK fertilizer were combined, the increases were 391% and367%, respectively. However, the biomass production in the control was very low(692 kg ha-1) due to a high soil p H(8.80). The nodulation increased with biochar and NPK fertilizer applications, and was largest with the combined application. A correlation was found between leaf chlorophyll content(single photon avalanche diode value) and nodule number. We suggested that the synergistic increase in yield was due to a decrease in soil p H caused by biochar and NPK fertilizer applications thereby increasing P availability in this alkaline soil.

关键词： biological nitrogen fixation biomass production P availability seed yield soil ph

Remediation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Agricultural soils Using Clay Minerals： A Review

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Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 193-204页

作者： XU Yi LIANG Xuefeng XU Yingming QIN Xu HUANG Qingqing WANG Lin SUN Yuebing College of Resources and Environment Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 (China) Innovation Team of Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Farmlands Agro-Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture Tianjin 300191 (China) Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality of MOA/ZTianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety Tianjin 300191 (China)

Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils poses risks and hazards to humans. The remediation of heavy metal-polluted soils has become a hot topic in environmental science and engineering. In this review, the application of clay minerals for the remediation of heavy metal-polluted agricultural soils is summarized, in terms of their remediation effects and mechanisms, influencing factors, and future focus. Typical clay minerals, natural sepiolite, palygorskite, and bentonite, have been widely utilized for the in-situ immobilization of heavy metals in soils, especially Cd-polluted paddy soils and wastewater-irrigated farmland soils. Clay minerals are able to increase soil ph, decrease the chemical-extractable fractions and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils, and reduce the heavy metal contents in edible parts of plants. The immobilization effects have been confirmed in field-scale demonstrations and pot trials. Clay minerals can improve the environmental quality of soils and alleviate the hazards of heavy metals to plants. As main factors affecting the immobilization effects, the ph and water condition of soils have drawn academic attention. The remediation mechanisms mainly include liming, precipitation, and sorption effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of microscopic immobilization are unclear. F^ture studies should focus on the long-term stability and improvement of clay minerals in order to obtain a better remediation effect.

关键词： bentonite bioavailability immobilization liming effect palygorskite sepiolite soil ph