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Effects of the vegetation restoration years on soil microbial community composition and biomass in degraded lands in Changting County,China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1295-1308页

作者： Yonghui Bai Xuan Zha Shifa Chen Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology(Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded) School of Geographical SciencesFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China College of Tourism and Geography Shaoguan UniversityShaoguan 512005China

We evaluated the effects of the number of years of restoration of vegetation on soil microbial community structure and biomass in degraded *** investigated the microbial community structure by analyzing their phospholipid fatty acids then examined microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen by chloroform fumigation extraction of restoration soils over several *** data were compared with those of highly degraded lands and native vegetation *** results show that the duration of vegetation on the sites substantially increased microbial biomass and shifted the microbial community structure even after only 4 ***,microbial communities and biomass did not recover to the status of native vegetation even after 35 years of vegetation cover.A redundancy analysis and Pearson correlation analysis indicated that soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,available potassium,soil water content,silt content and soil hardness explained 98.4%of total variability in the microbial community *** organic carbon,total nitrogen,available potassium and soil water content were positively correlated with microbial community structure and biomass,whereas,soil hardness and silt content were negatively related to microbial community structure and *** study provides new insights into microbial community structure and biomass that influence organic carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,and clay content in soils at different stages of restoration.

关键词： Vegetation restoration soil microorganisms Environmental factors PLFA Degraded red soil lands

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Clear felling and burning effects on soil nitrogen transforming bacteria and actinomycetes population in Chittagong University campus, Bangladesh

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第1期23卷 123-130页

作者： S.M. Sirajul Haque Rahima Ferdoshi Sohag Miah M. Nural Anwar Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Chittagong Chittagong-4331 Bangladesh Department of Microbiology University of Chittagong Chittagong-4331 Bangladesh

The effect of forests clear felling and associated burning on the population of soil nitrogen transforming bacteria and actinomycetes are reported at three pair sites of Chittagong University campus, Bangla- desh in monsoon tropical climate. Clear felled area or burnt site and 15-21 year mixed plantation of native and exotic species, situated side by side on low hill having Typic Dystrochrepts soil was represented at each pair site. At all the three pair sites, clear felled area or burnt site showed very significantly （p~_0.001） lower population of actinomycetes, Rhizobium, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and ammonifying as well as deni- trifying bacteria compared to their adjacent mixed plantation. From en- vironmental consideration, this finding has implication in managing natural ecosystem.

关键词： Nitrogen transforming bacteria actinomycetes forest clearfelling effects burning effects soil microorganisms Chittagong HillTracts

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Use of Azotobacter *** an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1990年第3期2卷 123-128页

作者： Liao Ruizhang, Shen Qiuqin, Jin Lizhi, Shen Shuling, Qian Houyin and Guan ZhenshengInstitute of soils and Fertilizers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing,China

A physiological strain of microorganism - Azotobacter sp. has been adopted as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils. The concentration of heavy metals to which Azotobacter sp. was behaving initially to have the resistance to heavy metals is defined as the critical poisoning concentration. The method of physiological threshold adopted can have a quantitative determination with reproducible results. The determined critical poisoning concentration is basically consistent with the results of heavy metals and arsenic toxicities to the bacteria reported recently in literatures. Total 9 typical soils, including 6 zonal soils and 3 purple soils, in the whole country were determined for the toxicities of 5 heavy metals and arsenic to Azotobacter sp. that resulted in 48 critical poisoning concentrations.

关键词： soil microorganisms azotobacter sp heavy metals poisoning concentra-tion.

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Immediate and long-term effects of invasive plant species on soil characteristics

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soil Ecology Letters 2022年第3期4卷 276-288页

作者： Irene M.Unger Robert J.Kremer Kristen S.Veum Keith W.Goyne Department of Biology and Chemistry Baker UniversityP.O.Box 65Baldwin CityKS 66006USA School of Natural Resources University of Missouri 302 ABNR Bldg.ColumbiaMO 65211USA USDA-ARS Cropping Systems and Water Quality UnitUniversity of Missouri302 ABNR Bldg.ColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia Tech324 Cheatham HallBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Invasive plant species may alter soil characteristics or interact with the soil microbial community resulting in a competitive *** objectives were to determine:i)if invasive plant species alter soil properties;and ii)the long-term effects of invasive plant species on soil properties and subsequent implications on ecological restoration *** focused on Lespedeza cuneata,a plant that may be *** samples were collected from four locations in Central Missouri,USA:an old-field with abundant ***,two reconstructed sites,and a remnant prairie that has never been *** health indictors were used to characterize soil properties at these *** every soil property differed significantly between the unplowed prairie reference site and the other three *** reconstructed sites,however,generally did not differ from the invaded *** results indicate that the reconstructed prairies are not fully *** above-ground traits,such as the plant community structure,appear similar to the prairie,the soil microbial community structure still resembles that of an invaded old-field *** results indicate that more time may be needed before soil microbial populations fully recover after invasive plant removal.

关键词： Sericea lespedeza Legacy effects soil microorganisms

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Chemical and Biological Properties of Apple Orchard soils under Natural, Organic, Hybrid, and Conventional Farming Methods

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2020年第3期9卷 134-146页

作者： Takamitsu Kai Motoki Kubo Kurokawa Field Science Center Meiji University Kawasaki Japan Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan

Apples in Japan are generally cultivated under management systems that use chemical fertilizers and synthetic chemical pesticides. However, the continuous use of these fertilizers and pesticides damages the soil environment and reduces the number of soil microorganisms. In this study, we compared the chemical and biological properties of 12 soils from apple orchards in Aomori and Nagano Prefectures under four types of management systems, namely, natural conditions, with no cultivation, fertilizers, or pesticides;organic farming methods, using organic materials and pesticides approved by the Japanese Agricultural Standard organic certification system;hybrid farming methods, using a mix of organic and chemical fertilizers;and conventional farming, using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Soil total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate-nitrogen (NO? 3), and available phosphoric acid (SP) contents were generally found to be the highest where organic farming methods were used. Similarly, bacterial biomass, nitrification (N) circulation activity, ammonia (NH+ 4) oxidation activity, nitrite (NO? 2) oxidation activity, and phosphoric (P) circulation activity were the highest under organic farming, especially in comparison with conventional farming. This study indicated that the differences in apple sugar content, acidity, and sugar/acidity ratio between different orchard management systems were due to different soil conditions, and soil conditions under organic farming management system in apple cultivation increased bacterial biomass while enhancing N and P circulation activity and high TC. On the other hand, the soil of conventional farming has the lowest total number of bacterial biomass and lowest material cycle such as N

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Changes in soil Microbial Activity and Community Composition as a Result of Selected Agricultural Practices

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第3期10卷 330-351页

作者： Martyna Glodowska Malgorzata Wozniak Institute of soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute Department of Agricultural MicrobiologyPulawyPoland

For a constantly growing human population, healthy and productive soil is critical for sustainable delivery of agricultural products. The soil microorganisms play a crucial role in soil structure and functioning. They are responsible for soil formation, ecosystem biogeochemistry, cycling of nutrients and degradation of plant residues and xenobiotics. Certain agricultural treatments, such as fertilizers and pesticides applications, crop rotation, or soil amendment addition, influence the composition, abundance and function of bacteria and fungi in the soil ecosystems. Some of these practices have rather negative effects;others can help soil microorganisms by creating a friendlier habitat or providing nutrients. The changes in microbial community structure cannot be fully captured with traditional methods that are limited only to culturable organisms, which represent less than 1% of the whole population. The use of new molecular techniques such as metagenomics offers the possibility to better understand how agriculture affects soil microbiota. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to discuss how common farming practices influence microbial activity in the soil, with a special focus on pesticides, fertilizers, heavy metals and crop rotation. Furthermore, potential practices to mitigate the negative effects of some treatments are suggested and treatments that can beneficially influence soil microbiota are pointed out. Finally, application of metagenomics technique in agriculture and perspectives of developing efficient molecular tools in order to assess soil condition in the context of microbial activities are underlined.

关键词： Agricultural Practices Microbial Activity soil microorganisms

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Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Application on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Small-Sized Tomatoes

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2020年第4期9卷 121-133页

作者： Takamitsu Kai Shunya Nishimori Masahiko Tamaki Kurokawa Field Science Center Meiji University Kawasaki Japan Department of Agriculture School of Agriculture Meiji University Kawasaki Japan

Tomatoes in Japan are generally cultivated under management systems that use chemical fertilizers and synthetic chemical pesticides. However, the continuous use of these fertilizers and pesticides damages the soil environment and reduces the number of soil microorganisms. Organic farming has a relatively low environmental impact compared to conventional farming techniques, but typically has lower and more unstable yields. In this study, we investigated the effect of organic and chemical fertilizer application on growth, yield, and quality of small-sized (cherry) tomatoes. Cherry tomatoes were cultivated using organic and chemical organic fertilizers. Average weight and lateral diameter were significantly higher under organic fertilizer than under chemical fertilizer. In addition, shoot dry weight was significantly higher under organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer. Lycopene content was significantly higher under organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer. The total carbon (TC), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available phosphoric (SP) and exchangeable potassium (SK) contents, C/N ratio, and pH were significantly higher under organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer. Bacterial biomass, nitrite (NO? 2-N) oxidation activity, nitrification (N) circulation activity, and phosphoric (P) circulation were higher under organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer. From these results, the study indicates that appropriate controls such as TC, total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio of organic fertilizer increased microbial biomass and enhanced nutrient circulation such as N circulation activity and P circulation activity. These results can be used to improve current organic farming practices and promote soil conservation.

关键词： Small-Sized Tomato Organic Fertilizer soil microorganisms soil Fertility Agricultural Environment Environmental Conservation

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Optimization of PCR Conditions for soil Microbial Diversity Study

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2012年第3期13卷 565-569,622页

作者：邸宁马焕普刘志民北京农学院北京102206

[Objective] The research aimed to optimize the test condition of PCR-DGGE method to analyze genetic diversity of soil microorganism. [Method] The amplified results of PCR were compared by improving high salt method for extracting soil DNA, improving primer design, changing the annealing temperature and amplification system of PCR reaction process. [Result] The result of extracting soil micro-bial DNA was better by high salt method which was improved. A single band was obtained and operation was easy when choosing 20 μl system for PCR amplification. There was no nonspecific amplification when choosing annealing temperature at 55 ℃, and cycle number of 35 was easy for following DGGE analysis. [Conclusion] The optimized PCR reaction system has high specificity and reliability.

关键词： PCR-DGGE soil microorganisms Diversity

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Effects of Grafting on Root Exudates of Cucumber and Rhizosphere Environment under Copper Stress

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2013年第11期14卷 1594-1598页

作者： Hua LI Hongjun HE Tengfei LI Xin LI Zikun ZHANG Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Science

[Objective] This study to aimed to investigate the effects of Cu stress on root exudates and microbial activities in rhizosphere of grafted and ungrafted cucum-ber seedlings, and therefore to elucidate the microbial mechanism of grafting for in-creasing cucumber plants tolerance to Cu stress [Method] Four treatments：（1） un-grafted seedlings ＋ test soil （U0）; （2） ungrafted seedlings ＋ test soil ＋ CuSO4·5H2O （U1）; （3） grafted seedlings ＋ test soil （G0）; （4） grafted seedlings ＋ test soil ＋ Cu-SO4·5H2O （G1） were set in the pot culture experiment. The contents of free amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acid and sugars, microbial population and enzyme ac-tivity in the four treatment were measured, respectively. [Result] The secretion of amino acids and organic acids were increased under Cu stress. The amino acids secretions of grafted seedlings roots were obviously higher than ungrafted seedlings except for Phe and Val. At the same time, the secretion of oxalic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, cinnamic acid, ρ-hydroxybenzoic acid and benzoic acid of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than ungrafted seedlings as wel . There-fore, more Cu2＋ were restricted in soil by chelating, complexing and precipitation with root exudates, and its toxicity was decreased. The soil microbial biomass C and N in grafted cucumber rhizosphere were significantly higher than those in ungrafted cu-cumber rhizosphere, whereas basal respiration and metabolic quotient were signifi-cantly lower. Under Cu stress, the numbers of actinomyces and nitrogen fixing bac-teria decreased and the number of fungi increased significantly, whereas there was no significant difference in amounts of bacteria. The numbers of bacteria, actino-myces, and nitrogen fixing bacteria in grafted cucumber rhizosphere were significant-ly higher than those in ungrafted cucumber rhizosphere, but the number of fungi was opposite. The activities of soil urease, phosphatase, sucrase and catalase in grafted cuc

关键词： Grafting Cu stress Root exudates soil microorganisms soil enzymes

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soil Microbial Activity and Functional Diversity in Primeval Beech Forests

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2015年第6期5卷 363-371页

作者： Lyudmila Symochko Volodymyr Patyka Vitaly Symochko Antonina Kalinichenko Biological Faculty SHE1 "Uzhhorod National University " Uzhhorod 88000 Ukraine D. K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology NASU Kyiv 03680 Ukraine Engineering Faculty Opole University Opole 45040 Poland

Virgin forests are unique ecosystems, which can be used as etalon for basic biocoenotic investigation. soil microorganisms are very sensitive reagents on influence of biotical factors, and at the same time are the active producers of phytotoxic and phytostimulating exometabolites. Studies of soil microbiota were conducted in virgin beech forests of Shyrokoluzhansky massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. It was found the ratio and the number of different ecological-trophic groups of soil microorganisms changes with altitude. So the number of ammonificators with increasing of altitude above sea level was reduced. The soil at altitude of 1,100 meters above sea level was characterized by minimum content of organotrophes -1.22 × 10^6 （CFU-colony forming units/lg.a.d.s.）. At the altitude of 500 meters content of ammonificators increased at six times and was 7.07 ×10^6 CFU/lg.a.d.s., which indicates to accumulation of the soil organic matter. Similar changes occurred with the number of bacteria which are using mineral forms of nitrogen for their nutrition. Their maximum quantity （4.32 × 10^6 CFU/lg.a.d.s.） was in the soil of biotope disposed at altitude of 500 meters above sea level. Fluctuations in the number of soil micromycetes of virgin forest ecosystems have not been as significant as the bacterial microbiota （within 17 ×10^3-28 × 10^3 CFU/lg.a.d.s.）. Among a wide spectrum of bacterial microbiota were isolated strains with high phytostimulating action.

关键词： soil microorganisms primeval beech forests biological activity of soil phytotoxicity of soil biocoenotic activity ofmicroorganisms.

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