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soil salinity and soil Water Content Estimation Using Digital Images in Coastal Field:A Case Study in Yancheng City of Jiangsu Province,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2022年第4期32卷 676-685页

作者： XU Lu MA Hongyuan WANG Zhichun School of Geography Geomatics and PlanningJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221116China Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130012China

soil is the essential part for agricultural and environmental sciences,and soil salinity and soil water content are both the important influence factors for sustainable development of agriculture and ecological *** camera,as one of the most popular and convenient proximal sensing instruments,has its irreplaceable position for soil properties *** this study,we collected 52 soil samples and photographs at the same time along the coast in Yancheng City of Jiangsu *** carefully analyzed the relationship between soil properties and image brightness,and found that soil salt content had higher correlation with average image brightness value than soil water *** the brightness levels,the high correlation coefficients between soil salt content and brightness levels concentrated on the high brightness values,and the high correlation coefficients between soil water content and brightness levels focused on the low brightness *** significance levels(P)determined different brightness levels related to soil properties,hence P value setting can be an optional way to select brightness levels as the input variables for modeling soil *** these information,random forest algorithm was applied to develop soil salt content and soil water content inversion models using randomly 70%of the dataset,and the rest data for testing *** results showed that soil salt content model had high accuracy(R_(v)^(2)=0.79,RMSE_(v)=12 g/kg,and RPD_(v)=2.18),and soil water content inversion model was barely satisfied(R_(v)^(2)=0.47,RMSE_(v)=3.04%,and RPD_(v)=1.38).This study proposes a method of modeling soil properties with a digital *** unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),it has potential popularization and application value for precise agriculture and land management.

关键词： soil salinity soil water content coastal soil digital image

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Spatial prediction and modeling of soil salinity using simple cokriging, artificial neural networks, and support vector machines in El Outaya plain, Biskra, southeastern Algeria

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第3期40卷 390-408页

作者： Samir Boudibi Bachir Sakaa Zineeddine Benguega Haroun Fadlaoui Tarek Othman Narimen Bouzidi Laboratory of Ecosystem Diversity and Agricultural Production System Dynamics in Arid Zones(DEDSPAZA) Department of Agricultural SciencesMohamed Khider UniversityBiskraAlgeria Scientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions(CRSTRA) Campus of Mohamed Khider UniversityBP 1682 RP07000 BiskraAlgeria

soil salinization is one of the most predominant environmental hazards responsible for agricultural land degradation,especially in the arid and semi-arid *** accurate spatial prediction and modeling of soil salinity in agricultural land are so important for farmers and decision-makers to develop the appropriate mechanisms to prevent the loss of fertile soil and increase crop *** Outaya plain is marked by soil salinity increases due to the excessive use of poor groundwater quality for *** study aims to compare the performance of simple kriging,cokriging(SCOK),multilayer perceptron neural networks(MLP-NN),and support vector machines(SVM)in the prediction of topsoil and subsoil *** field covariates including geochemical properties of irrigation groundwater and physical properties of soil and environmental covariates including digital elevation model and remote sensing derivatives were used as input candidates to SCOK,MLP-NN,and *** optimal input combination was determined using multiple linear stepwise regression(MLSR).The results revealed that the SCOK using field covariates including water electrical conductivity(ECw)and sand percentage(sand%),and environmental covariates including land surface temperature(LST),topographic wetness index(TWI),and elevation could significantly increase the accuracy of soil salinity spatial *** comparison of the prediction accuracy of the different modeling techniques using the Taylor diagram indicated that MLP-NN using LST,TWI,and elevation as inputs were more accurate in predicting the topsoil salinity[ECs(TS)]with a mean absolute error(MAE)of 0.43,root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.6 and correlation coefficient of ***-NN using ECw and sand%as inputs were more accurate in predicting the subsoil salinity[ECs(SS)]with MAE of 0.38,RMSE of0.6,and R of 0.968.

关键词： soil salinity Cokriging Multilayer perceptron Machine learning El-Outaya plain

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Spatio-Temporal Changes of soil salinity in Arid Areas of South Xinjiang Using Electromagnetic Induction

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第8期11卷 1365-1376页

作者： LI Xiao-ming YANG Jing-song LIU Mei-xian LIU Guang-ming YU Mei State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 P.R China Engineering Research Center for Land Consolidation Shaanxi Provinee/Shaanxi Estate Development Service Corporation Xi'an 710075 P.R.China Water Conservancy Bureau of Yuhuatai Nanjing 210012 P.R.China

The aim of this paper was to research the spatio-temporal changes in total soluble salt content （TS） in a typical arid region of South Xinjiang, China, where the climate is arid and soil salinization happens easily. The total soluble salt content was interpreted by measurements made in the horizontal mode with EM38 and EM31. The electromagnetic induction （EM） surveys were made three times with the apparent soil electrical conductivity （ECa） measurements taken at 3 873 locations in Nov. 2008, 4 807 locations in Apr. 2009 and 6 324 locations in Nov. 2009, respectively. For interpreting the ECa measurements into total soluble salt content, calibtion sites were needed for EM survey of each time, e.g., 66 sites were selected in Nov. 2008 to measure ECa, and soils-core samples were taken by different depth layers of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm at the same time. On every time duplicate samples were taken at five sites to allevaite the local-scale variability, and soil temperatures in different layers through the profiles were also measured. Factors including TS, pH, water content, bulk density were analyzed by lab experiments. ECa calibration equations were obtained by linear regression analysis, which indicated that soil salinity was one primary concern to ECa with a determination coefficient of 0.792 in 0-10 cm layer, 0.711 in 10-20 cm layer and 0.544 in 20-40 cm layer, respectively. The maps of spatial distribution were predicted by Kriging interpolation, which showed that the high soil salinity was located near the drainage canal, which validated the trend effect caused by the irrigation canal and the drainage canal. And by comparing the soil salinity in different layers, the soluble salt accumulated to the top soil surface only in the area where the soil salinization was serious, and in the other areas, the soil salinity trended to increase from the top soil surface to 40 cm depth. Temporal changes showed that the soil salinity in November was higher than that in April,

关键词： spatio-temporal changes soil salinity South Xinjiang electromagnetic induction (EM) Kriging

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Detecting soil salinity with arid fraction integrated index and salinity index in feature space using Landsat TM imagery

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 340-353页

作者： Fei WANG Xi CHEN GePing LUO JianLi DING XianFeng CHEN State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environmental Science Xinjiang University Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania Slippery RockPA16057USA

Modeling soil salinity in an arid salt-affected ecosystem is a difficult task when using remote sensing data because of the complicated soil context （vegetation cover, moisture, surface roughness, and organic matter） and the weak spectral features of salinized soil. Therefore, an index such as the salinity index （SI） that only uses soil spectra may not detect soil salinity effectively and quantitatively. The use of vegetation reflectance as an indirect indicator can avoid limitations associated with the direct use of soil reflectance. The normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI）, as the most common vegetation index, was found to be responsive to salinity but may not be available for retrieving sparse vegetation due to its sensitivity to background soil in arid areas. Therefore, the arid fraction integrated index （AFⅡ） was created as supported by the spectral mixture analysis （SMA）, which is more appropriate for analyzing variations in vegetation cover （particularly halophytes） than NDVI in the study area. Using soil and vegetation separately for detecting salinity perhaps is not feasible. Then, we developed a new and operational model, the soil salinity detecting model （SDM） that combines AFⅡ and SI to quantitatively estimate the salt content in the surface soil. SDMs, including SDM1 and SDM2, were constructed through analyzing the spatial characteristics of soils with different salinization degree by integrating AFⅡ and SI using a scatterplot. The SDMs were then compared to the combined spectral response index （COSRI） from field measurements with respect to the soil salt content. The results indicate that the SDM values are highly correlated with soil salinity, in contrast to the performance of COSRI. Strong exponential relationships were observed between soil salinity and SDMs （R2〉0.86, RMSE〈6.86） compared to COSRI （R2=0.71, RMSE=16.21）. These results suggest that the feature space related to biophysical properties combined with AFII and SI can effectively pr

关键词： soil salinity spectrum halophytes Landsat TM spectral mixture analysis feature space model

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Effects of soil salinity on rhizosphere soil microbes in transgenic Bt cotton fields

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第7期16卷 1624-1633页

作者： LUO Jun-yu ZHANG Shuai ZHU Xiang-zhen LU Li-min WANG Chun-yi LI Chun-hua CUI Jin-jie ZHOU Zhi-guo State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China Ministry of Agriculture

With increased cultivation of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton in the saline alkaline soil of China, assessments of transgenic crop biosafety have focused on the effects of soil salinity on rhizosphere microbes and Bt protein residues. In 2013 and 2014, investigations were conducted on the rhizosphere microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities and Bt protein contents of the soil under transgenic Bt cotton （variety GK19） and its parental non-transgenic cotton （Simian 3） cultivated at various salinity levels （1.15, 6.00 and 11.46 dS m-1）. Under soil salinity stress, trace amounts of Bt proteins were ob- served in the Bt cotton GK19 rhizosphere soil, although the protein content increased with cotton growth and increased soil salinity levels. The populations of slight halophilic bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria decreased with increased soil salinity in the Bt and non-Bt cotton rhizosphere soil, and the microbial biomass carbon, microbial respiration and soil catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity also decreased. Correlation analyses showed that the increased Bt protein content in the Bt cotton rhizosphere soil may have been caused by the slower decomposition of soil microorganisms, which suggests that salinity was the main factor influencing the relevant activities of the soil microorganisms and indicates that Bt proteins had no clear adverse effects on the soil microorganisms. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for risk assessments of genetically modified cotton in saline alkaline soil.

关键词： soil salinity Bt cotton soil microorganisms microbial biomass carbon microbial respiration soil enzyme activityBt protein

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Effects of emitter discharge rates on soil salinity distribution and cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield under drip irrigation with plastic mulch in an arid region of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第1期5卷 51-59页

作者： Sulitan DANIERHAN Abudu SHALAMU Hudan TUMAERBAI DongHai GUAN State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Sciences Urumqi 830049 China College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi 830052 China

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different emitter discharge rates under drip irrigation on soil salinity distribution and cotton yield in an extreme arid region of Tarim River catchment in Northwest China. Four treatments of emitter discharge rates, i.e. 1.8, 2.2, 2.6 and 3.2 L/h, were designed under drip irrigation with plastic mulch in this paper. The salt distribution in the range of 70-cm horizontal distance and 100-cm vertical distance from the emitter was measured and analyzed during the cotton growing season. The soil salinity is expressed in terms of electrical conductivity （dS/m） of the saturated soil extract （ECe）, which was measured using Time Domain Reflector （TDR） 20 times a year, including 5 irrigation events and 4 measured times before/after an irrigation event. All the treatments were repeated 3 times. The groundwater depth was observed by SEBA MDS Dipper 3 automatically at three experimental sites. The results showed that the order of reduction in averaged soil salinity was 2.6 L/h 〉 2.2 L/h 〉 1.8 L/h 〉 3.2 L/h after the completion of irrigation for the 3-year cotton growing season. Therefore, the choice of emitter discharge rate is considerably important in arid silt loam. Usually, the ideal emitter discharge rate is 2.4-3.0 L/h for soil desalinization with plastic mulch, which is advisable mainly because of the favorable salt leaching of silt loam and the climatic conditions in the studied arid area. Maximum cotton yield was achieved at the emitter discharge rate of 2.6 L/h under drip irrigation with plastic mulch in silty soil at the study site. Hence, the emitter discharge rate of 2.6 L/h is recommended for drip irrigation with plastiic mulch applied in silty soil in arid regions.

关键词： drip irrigation soil salinity salt balance cotton yield emitter discharge rate

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Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on soil salinity,physiological processes and fruit quality of gray jujube under desert conditions

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第3期12卷 52-59页

作者： Zhipeng Liu Chengli Zhu Shuyu Wu Weihua Guo Yitikaer Abudushalamu Xiyun Jiao Shipei Gao Jie Wang College of Agricultural Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052China State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Hydraulic Research Institute of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210017China Development Center for Science and Technology of Rural Water Resources of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210029China

Regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)was applied to gray jujube trees in an oasis region,to determine the effects of this irrigation system on soil salinity,gray jujube physiological processes,fruit yield,and fruit *** consisted of severe,moderate and low deficit irrigation(irrigated with 85%,70%and 55%of CK,respectively)at the flowering stage to fruit set *** the other growth stages,all treatments were irrigated with 80%of pan evaporation,which was the same as that in *** results indicated that soil salinity was enhanced during the periods of water stress,but the high value of soil salinity declined by 3.48%-37.27%,at each depth,after irrigation was *** caused a decline in the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance,but enhanced the water use efficiency of the ***,the leaf photosynthetic rate was effectively enhanced after the recovery of irrigation,especially in the moderate deficit irrigation treatment,which exceeded the *** led to an improved fruit yield,which was 9.57%higher than that of the *** deficit treatments caused a significant increase in the soluble solid content,soluble sugar content,single fruit weight and sugar/acid *** vitamin C content,resulting from deficit treatments,has also been observed in the gray ***,this research shows that RDI provides some benefits in the production of gray jujube trees in desert conditions.

关键词： regulated deficit irrigation soil salinity gray jujube water use efficiency photosynthetic rate transpiration rate stomatal conductance soluble solid content sugar/acid ratio

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The Effects of the Chemical Components of soil salinity on Electrical Conductivity in the Region of the Delta Oasis of Weigan and Kuqa Rivers,China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第8期8卷 985-993页

作者： ZHANG Fei Tashpolat Tiyip DING Jian-li Gregory N Taff HE Qi-sheng Resources and Environment Department Xinjiang University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Ministry of Education Urumqi 830046P.R. China Graduate School Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P.R. China Department of Earth Sciences The University of Memphis TN 38152 USA State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 P.R. China

In order to assess the effects of chemical properties of soil salinity on electrical conductivity of 1：5 soil/water extract （EC1：5）, the study focused on revealing the main chemical factors contributing to EC of soil extracts and their relative importance. The relationship between EC1：5 and the chemical properties of soil salinity in the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers, China, were studied using path coefficient analysis, a path analysis method. We studied each key element affecting EC1：5 either directly or indirectly. The results obtained show that the salt content, total dissolved solids （TDS）, and the sum of the sodium ion concentration and the kalium ion concentration are the most influential factors on 1：5 soil/ water extract （EC1：5） in the 0-10 cm and the 30-50 cm soil layer. The results show that the sequence of direct path coefficients in the 0-10 cm and the 30-50 cm soil layers on soil conductivity is TDS→Na^＋＋ K^＋→Salt content→Ca^2＋→Cl-→the sodium dianion ratio （SDR）→pH→ SO4^2-→HCO3^-→Mg^2＋→the soluble sodium percentage （SSP） sodium absorption ratio （SAR） and TDS→Salt content→Na^＋＋ K^＋→Ca^2＋→SDR→Mg^2＋→HCO3^-→SSP→pH→SO4^2-→SAR→Cl^-. The salt content, chlorine ion, and SAR are the main factors affecting 1：5 soil/water extract （EC1：5） in the 10-30 centimeter soil layer. The order of direct path coefficients result is as follows： Salt content→Cl^-→SAR→SSP→TDS→Ca^2＋→Mg^2＋= SO4^2-→HCO3^-→pH→SDR→Na^- ＋ K^＋. Moreover, the effects of HCO3^-, pH were very weak. Though the direct path coefficients between EC1：5 and SAR, SO4^2- and Ca^2＋ were not high, influence of other chemical factors caused the coefficients to increase, making the summation of their direct and indirect path coefficients relatively high. The models of the different soil layers were structured separately. Evidences showed that multiple regression relations between EC1：5 and most of the primary factors had sound reliability and very good accuracy. The research results can serve as a reference

关键词： chemical properties of soil electrical conductivity of soil soil salinity the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers

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Effects of drip irrigation and cropping on soil salinity,ionic composition and waxy corn production in a severely saline and calcareous and gypsiferous soil

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第5期16卷 142-154页

作者： Junli Tan Yaohu Kang Yanping Jiao Shuqin Wan Xina Wang Juncang Tian Ran Erel Alon Ben-Gal School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related and Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Hebei Provincial Academy of Water Resources Shijiazhuang 050051China Institute of soil Water and Environmental SciencesAgricultural Research OrganizationGilat Research Center85280 moblie post NegevIsrael

Drip technologies have been suggested as practical for irrigation under conditions of high salinity and for reclamation of saline *** irrigation triggered by soil water potential thresholds was applied to both reclaim a severely saline calcareous gypsiferous soil and irrigate a waxy corn crop(Zea mays *** Kulesh).However,there is a lack of knowledge on the sustainability of reclamation of saline soils with drip irrigation and the changes in soil salinity and salt ion composition during the amelioration ***,effects on soil salinity,its ionic composition,and on crop growth and yields were evaluated in an experiment conducted in the Yinchuan Plain,northwest *** included fields in their first to fourth years of the drip irrigation reclamation-cropping scheme and adjacent native,non-cropped or irrigated salinesodic land as *** of waxy corn increased and days of growth to maturity decreased as a function of time and reclamation *** improvement in crop performance could be largely credited to the reduction of soil salinity and changes in salt composition under the drip-irrigated reclamation *** drip irrigation regime created a region of low salinity proximal to the emitters conducive to germination and plant *** ions for crop growth such as Na+and Cl^(-)were reduced while Ca2+and Mg2+concentration increased,especially in the upper 40 cm of *** only a single season of drip-irrigated waxy corn production,both Cl-SO_(4)^(2-)ratios and sodium adsorption ratio(SAR)decreased *** results suggested that drip irrigation is an effective technology for reclamation of severely saline-affected soils,such as those widely distributed over the Ningxia Plain in China and that this or similar reclamation strategy could be appropriate for reclamation of other hard to manage calcareous and gypsiferous soils.

关键词： soil salinity calcareous gypsiferous ion composition leaching salt transport

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Influence of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial Inoculation on Wheat Productivity Under soil salinity Stress

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2019年第2期88卷 119-129页

作者： Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye Tariq Shahzad Bhutta Muhammad Shaaban Shahid Hussain Muhammad Farooq Qayyum Umar Aslam Zahir Ahmad Zahir Department of soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan Institute of soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan.

soil salinity affects the growth and yield of *** stress of soil salinity on plants can be mitigated by inoculation of plant growth promoting bacteria(PGPR).The influence of PGPR inoculation on wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)crop productivity under salinity stress has not been properly addressed so ***,the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of various PGPR strains(W14,W10 and 6K;alone and combined)at several growth attributes of wheat plant under different soil salinity gradients(3,6 and 9 dS m-1).The growth attributes of wheat(height,roots,shoots,spikes,grains quality,biological and economical yield,nutrients nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in grains)were highly affected by salinity and decreased with increasing salinity *** PGPR inoculation substantially promoted growth attributes of wheat and prominent results were observed in W14×W10×6K treatment at all salinity *** results suggest that inoculation of PGPR is a potential strategy to mitigate salinity stress for improving wheat growth and yield.

关键词： PGPR abiotic stress soil salinity ethylene wheat

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