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Effects of the accumulation of the rare earth elements on soil macrofauna community

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Journal of Rare Earths 2010年第6期28卷 957-964页

作者：李金霞红梅殷秀琴刘继亮 College of Urban and Environmental Science Northeast Normal University Faculty of Resources and Environment Baotou Teachers' College College of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

The accumulation of rare earth elements (REEs) in soil has occurred due to the pollution caused by the exploitation of rare earth resources and the wide rare earth fertilizers in agriculture. The accumulation of REEs has a toxic effect on the soil macrofauna community. 12 study samples were collected near a mine tailings dam with a large amount of REEs by distance gradient sample method. The total concentration of REEs was analyzed and the results were compared with that of the sample from a control site. The effects of the amount of REEs in the soil on the soil macrofauna community were also analyzed. The results showed that the accumulation of REEs in soil was significant in the study area and its concentration was strongly correlated with the distance from the pollution source. One-way ANOVA analysis indicated the significant differences in soil macrofauna communities among the different sites. The ordination obtained through the redundancy analysis demonstrated that the concentration of REEs and the total nitrogen, total potassium and pH, had affected the soil macrofauna community. A small amount of REEs in the soil can promote the diversity of soil macrofauna, but a large amount of REEs can reduce its diversity. The insect groups of Carabidae and Dermaptera were comparatively sensitive to the concentration of REEs in soil, and could be used as an indicator of soil pollution of REEs. However, the Formicidae and Stibaropus formosanus exhibited a high tolerance to REEs in soil. We believe that it is very important for the soil environment protection to strictly control the application of the rare earth fertilizers in agriculture in China.

关键词： rare earth elements soil fauna soil pollution bio-indicator

Spirulina platensis extract improves the production and defenses of the common bean grown in a heavy metals-contaminated saline soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第7期129卷 240-257页

作者： Mostafa M.Rady Ahmed S.Elrys Eman Selem Ahmed A.A.Mohsen Safaa M.A.I.Arnaout Ahmed H.El-Sappah Khaled A.El-Tarabily El-Sayed M.Desoky Botany Department Faculty of AgricultureFayoum UniversityFayoum 63514Egypt College of Tropical Crops Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China soil Science Department Faculty of AgricultureZagazig UniversityZagazig 44511Egypt Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of ScienceZagazig UniversityZagazig 44511Egypt Horticulture Department Faculty of AgricultureZagazig UniversityZagazig 44511Egypt Botany Department Faculty of AgricultureZagazig UniversityZagazig 44511Egypt Genetics Department Faculty of AgricultureZagazig UniversityZagazig 44511Egypt Department of Biology College of ScienceUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl-Ain 15551United Arab Emirates Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology United Arab Emirates UniversityAl-Ain 15551United Arab Emirates Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Australia

Plants have to cope with several abiotic stresses,including salinity and heavymetals(HMs).Under these stresses,several extracts have been used as effective natural biostimulants,however,the use of Spirulina platensis(SP)extract(SPE)remains *** effects of SPE were evaluated as soil addition(SA)and/or foliar spraying(FS)on antioxidant defenses and HMs content of common bean grown in saline soil contaminated with ***(40 or 80 mg SPE/hill added as SA or 20 or 40 mg SPE/plant added as FS)or integrative(SA+FS)applications of SPE showed significant improvements in the following order:SA-80+FS-40>SA-80+FS-20>SA-40+FS-40>SA-40+FS-20>SA-80>SA-40>FS-40>FS-20>***,the integrative SA+FS with 40 mg SP/plant was the most effective treatment in increasing plant growth and production,overcoming stress effects and minimizing contamination of the edible *** significantly increased plant growth(74%–185%)and yield(107%–227%)by enhancing net photosynthetic rate(78.5%),stomatal conductance(104%),transpiration rate(124%),and contents of carotenoids(60.0%),chlorophylls(49%–51%),and NPK(271%–366%).These results were concurrent with the marked reductions in malondialdehyde(61.6%),hydrogen peroxide(42.2%),nickel(91%–94%),lead(80%–9%),and cadmium(74%–91%)contents due to the improved contents of glutathione(87.1%),ascorbate(37.0%),andα-tocopherol(77.2%),and the activities of catalase(18.1%),ascorbate peroxidase(18.3%),superoxide dismutase(192%),and glutathione reductase(52.2%)as reinforcing ***,this most effective treatment is recommended to mitigate the stress effects of salinity and HMs on common bean production while minimizing HMs in the edible part.

关键词： Antioxidant defense system Biostimulants Heavy metals Microalgae extracts Saline soil soil pollution

Environmental pollution by persistent toxic substances and health risk in an industrial area of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第8期23卷 1359-1367页

作者： Jing Li Yonglong Lu Yajuan Shi Tieyu Wang Guang Wang Wei Luo Wentao Jiao Chunli Chen Feng Yan State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

soil is an important environmental medium that is closely associated with humans and their health. Despite this, very few studies have measured toxicants in soils, and associated them with health risks in humans. An assessment of health effects from exposure to contaminants in soils surrounding industrial areas of chemical production and storage is important. This article aims at determining pollution characteristics of persistent toxic substances （PTS） in an industrial area in China to unravel the relationship between soil pollution by PTS and human health. One hundred and five soil samples were collected and 742 questionnaires were handed out to residents living in and around an industrial area around Bohai Bay, Tianjin in Northern China. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were determined in soil. Mann-Whitney U and binary multivariate non- conditional logistic regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between health indicators of local residents and contaminant levels. Odds ratio （OR） and a 95% confidence interval （CI） for health incidences were also calculated. The average concentrations of DDT （73.9 ng/g）, HCH （654 ng/g） and PAHs （1225 ng/g） were relatively high in the industrial area. Residents living in the chemical industry parks were exposed to a higher levels of PTS than those living outside the chemical industry parks. This exposure was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer （OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.12-30.06）, stomach cancer （OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.26- 13.41）, dermatitis （OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.05-2.80）, gastroenteritis （OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.94-2.68）, and pneumonia （OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.58-1.89）.

关键词： organochlorine pesticides polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons soil pollution questionnaire survey health risk

Risk assessment of heavy metal contaminated soil in the vicinity of a lead/zinc mine

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第6期17卷 881-885页

作者： LI Jing XIE Zheng-miao ZHU Yong-guan Ravi Naidu Institute for soil and Water Resources and Environment Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia

Heavy metal contamination of soils through anthropogenic activities is a widespread and serious problem confronting scientists and regulators throughout the world. In this study we investigated the distribution, chemical species and availability of lead, zinc, cadmium and copper in nine surface（0 to 20 cm） soils from near an abandoned lead/zinc mine tailings located in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China. Total heavy metal contents ranged from 5271 to 16369 mg/kg for Pb, 387 to 1221 mg/kg for Zn, 3.0 to 9.3 mg/kg for Cd and 65 to 206 mg/kg for Cu. In general, all heavy metals exceeded China National Standards for soil Environmental Quality of Heavy Metals by a factor of 3-65 times. Comparison of the heavy metal concentrations（Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu） with clay content revealed a strongly significant relationship while significant relationship（ P 〈 0.001 ） was also obtained between Cd ＋ Zn and Pb ＋ Cu. Solid phase speciation of the soils using Tessier procedure showed that the heavy metals were distributed in the order： residual 〉〉 organically complexed-Fe-Mn oxides occluded 〉 carbonate bound 〉 exchangeable 〉 water soluble. In the organic matter fraction, the ratio of Pb（29.1% ） to its total concentration in the soils was higher than those of Zn（4.70% ）, Cd（3.16% ） and Cu（9.50% ）. The percentages of the water soluble and the exchangeable fractions of Pb（1.80% ） and Cd（2.74% ） were markedly greater than those of Zn（0.10% ） and Cu（0.15% ）, suggesting that Pb and Cd are relatively more mobile and hence more toxic in the contaminated soils. Strongly significant relationships between H20-Pb, H20-Zn and H20-Cu, strong positive correlations between H20-Pb, H20-Zn, H20-Cu and organic matter in soil were found. The content of H20-Pb, H20-Zn, H20-Cu was negatively correlated with pH values. The similar negative relationships between pH values and exchangeable heavy metals were also recorded. It is suggested that increasing soil pH or liming the soil could decrease bioavailability of heavy met

关键词： fractionation heavy metal mining tailings risk assessment soil pollution

Assessment of lead pollution in topsoils of a southern Italy area: Analysis of urban and peri-urban environment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 179-187页

作者： Ilaria Guagliardi Domenico Cicchella Rosanna De Rosa Gabriele Buttafuoco Department of Biology Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Calabria Department of Science and Technology University of Sannio National Research Council of Italy Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM)

Exposure to lead（Pb） may affect adversely human health. Mapping soil Pb contents is essential to obtain a quantitative estimate of potential risk of Pb contamination. The main aim of this paper was to determine the soil Pb concentrations in the urban and peri-urban area of Cosenza-Rende to map their spatial distribution and assess the probability that soil Pb concentration exceeds a critical threshold that might cause concern for human *** were collected at 149 locations from residual and non-residual topsoil in gardens,parks, flower-beds, and agricultural fields. Fine earth fraction of soil samples was analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry. Stochastic images generated by the sequential Gaussian simulation were jointly combined to calculate the probability of exceeding the critical threshold that could be used to delineate the potentially risky areas. Results showed areas in which Pb concentration values were higher to the Italian regulatory values. These polluted areas were quite large and likely, they could create a significant health risk for human beings and vegetation in the near future. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach can be used to study soil contamination to produce geochemical maps,and identify hot-spot areas for soil Pb concentration.

关键词： Urban and peri-urban soils Geochemistry Lead soil pollution Stochastic simulation

Evaluation of ecological risk and primary empirical research on heavy metals in polluted soil over Xiaoqinling gold mining region,Shaanxi,China

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第4期20卷 688-694页

作者：吴耀国徐友宁张江华胡思海 Department of Applied Chemistry Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources

soil,crop and residents'hair over Xiaoqinling gold mining region,China,which was selected as a case study,were sampled and analyzed for Hg,Cd,Pb,Cu,Cr,As and Zn *** concentrations of heavy metals in soil or crop and hair samples were used to assess their potential ecological risks,or to find the responses to these metals as evidences to prove the potential risk was coming down to observed harm,*** results showed that,these metals in soil were ranked by severity of ecological risk as Hg>Cd>Pb>Cu>Cr>As>Zn,based on their single-element *** the view of the potential ecological risk indexes,of all soil samples,about half had significantly high or high potential ecological risk,which covered more than 74%of the studied *** of the risks were 97.41%from Hg,Pb and Cd,especially,84.37%from *** the single-element and potential ecological risk indexes indicated that,the ecological risk grades had a special spatial characteristic,and increased from northwest to southeast *** was agreed with the spatial distribution of the strength in gold mining activities over the studied *** concentrations of Hg and Pb were higher than their relative backgrounds in the corps,and were even 9.48 and 25.09 times higher than their relative backgrounds in residents'hair,*** these showed that the heavy metals in the soil had a high potential ecological risk,especially,had been affecting these crops'growing and yield,and even the residents'health through food ***,these metals'potential ecological harm had been coming down to observed harm to the ecology.

关键词： gold mining activity soil pollution heavy metal potential ecological risk

Biodegradation of Phthalate Esters by a Newly Isolated Acinetobacter sp. Strain LMB-5 and Characteristics of Its Esterase

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Pedosphere 2017年第3期27卷 606-615页

作者： FANG Yue ZHANG Lishuang WANG Jing ZHOU Ying YE Bangce Lab of Biosystems and Microanalysis State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi University

Phthalate esters （PAEs） are extensively applied in industry, and they migrate to environment during the process of production, employ, and treatment and axe difficult to be degraded in nature. However, some microorganisms could use them as the carbon source to growth. In this study, an Acinetobacter sp. strain LMB-5, capable of utilizing PAEs, was isolated from a vegetable greenhouse soil. The degradation capability of strain LMB-5 was also investigated by incubation in mineral salt medium containing different PAEs, dimethyl phthalate （DMP）, diethyl phthalate （DEP）, di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, and di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）. The strain could grow well with DMP, DEP, DBP, and DEHP. When the concentration of DBP increased from 100 to 400 mg L-1, the half-life extended from 9.5 to 15.5 h. In the concentration range of DBP, the degradation ability of strain LMB-5 could be described by first-order kinetics. During the biodegradation of DBP, three intermediates, 1,2-benzenedicaxboxylic acid,butyl methyl ester, DMP, and phthalic acid （PA） were detected, and the proposed pathway of DBP was identified. By analysis of bioinformatics, one esterase was cloned from the genome of LMB-5 and expressed in Escherichia coll. It displayed an ability to break the ester bonds of DBP. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity at pH 7.0 and 40 ℃ with DBP as the substrate. It was activated by Cu2＋ and Fe3＋ and had a high activity in the presence of low concentrations of methanol or dimethylsulfoxide （each 10%, volume：volume）. The Acinetobacter sp. strain LMB-5 may make a contribution to the remediation of soils polluted by PAEs in the future.

关键词： biological toxicity degradation bacteria di-n-butyl phthalate enzymatic activity hydrolase soil pollution

Distribution and Speciation of Chromium and Cadmium in an Organic and Inorganic Fertilized Chernozem

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Pedosphere 2017年第6期27卷 1125-1134页

作者： LIU Borui HUANG Qing CAI Huajie GUO Xiang WANG Tingting GUI Mingying School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081(China) Kunming Edible Fungi Institute of All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives Kunming 650223(China)

Fertilizers are widely applied in agricultural practice to improve crop yield and ***, they can also alter the behavior of soil pollutants.A field experiment was conducted on a chernozem in Heilongjiang Province, *** proportions of inorganic nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and organic(manure) fertilizers were *** samples were collected four times over 2 years, and the total concentrations and speciation of chromium(Cr) and cadmium(Cd) were *** fertilizer addition had little effect on the total concentration of Cr and Cd, while organic fertilizer addition reduced the total concentrations of both Cr and *** fertilizers increased the concentration of Cr in the exchangeable form, but decreased that of the residual form(P soils proposed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China could result in an environmental risk, and fertilizer application could lower that *** of risk assessment code calculated as the percentage of the sum of metal concentrations in the exchangeable and carbonate-associated form in total metal concentration showed that Cr and Cd risks were lowered when organic fertilizer was applied alone or in combination with inorganic *** study highlighted that organic fertilizer should be applied alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers to lower the environmental risks of Cr and Cd pollution in the chernozem.

关键词： chemical speciation environmental risk fertilizer heavy metals risk assessment code soil pollution

Geostatistical Assessment of Pb,Zn and Cd Contamination in Near-Surface soils of the Urban-Mining Transitional Region of Isfahan,Iran

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Pedosphere 2010年第5期20卷 568-577页

作者： M.DAYANI J.MOHAMMADI Department of soil Science Agriculture FacultyRamin Agriculture and Natural Resources University Department of soil Science Agriculture FacultyShahrekord University

Due to the lack of regulation and environmental education and awareness, Sepahanshahr located in vicinity of Isfahan City, central Iran, is now a rapid growing residential area suffering from the considerable consequences of poorly regulated mining activities operating in its vicinity. A survey was carried out on soil Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations around Sepahanshahr Town to explore the spatial structure of Pb, Zn and Cd distribution and to map their concentrations using geostatistical techniques. 100 near-surface soil samples were collected and analyzed for Pb, Zn and Cd and some related soil physical and chemical variables such as pH, organic matter content, electrical conductivity, and clay, silt and sand contents. The variography results showed a strong spatial dependency in heavy metals concentration due to the dilution effects of natural factors including atmospheric dispersion and precipitation. The almost same range values calculated for both In-transformed Pb and sand data suggested presence of spatial co-regionalization. However, In-transformed Zn data showed a shorter spatial dependency among the three tested heavy metals. Kriged maps of all three heavy metals showed a strong gradient of contamination around the three mining sites activating in the area. The results of this study provide insight into identification of the extent and spatial variability of Pb, Zn and Cd pollution in the mining sites and surrounding urban areas.

关键词： heavy metals Kriging soil pollution spatial variability variogram