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Physico-chemical properties and macrofauna of soils under various farming systems of cold arid region in Balochistan,Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第8期21卷 2618-2630页

作者： KHAN Mehmood GUL Shamim KAKAR Hidayatullah PANEZAI Sanaullah KHAN Nayab ZIAD Tariq NASEEM Mahrukh SHAHEEN Umbreen Department of Botany University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University21111 Lakeshore Road Ste.Anne de BellevueQuébec H9X 3V9Canada Directorate of Agriculture Research Soil and Water TestingAgricultural Research InstituteQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Geography and Regional Planning University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Zoology University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan

Barshore is a small village in the Pishin District,Balochistan,Pakistan,with dry summers and cold rainy *** is an agrarian region,mostly with orchards of various fruit *** study investigated the physico-chemical properties and macrofauna of soils under various agricultural management practices of this *** concentrations of soil organic matter(SOM),soil organic carbon(SOC),nutrients,pH,electrical conductivity,soil texture,and the abundance and number of species of soil macrofauna of the agricultural fields were *** agricultural fields were *** fields were orchards of apple,apricot or the mixture of apple and apricot trees and one field was a cropland,cultivated with wheat as a *** orchards were under conservation agricultural practices;whereas,the cropland was under conventional *** agricultural lands were 2-26 years *** concentration of soil organic matter(SOM)in the upper 0-10 cm depth of these field sites ranged from 11.6 g kg^(-1)to 32.8 g kg^(-1)*** compared to cropland,orchards had significantly higher concentration of SOM and SOC.A total of 18 soil macrofauna species were found and the most common and abundant were ants(Monomorium minimum,Camponotus pennsylvanicus,Solenopsis invicta,and Lasius niger)followed by Arion ssp.(Brown Slug)and earthworm Lumbricus *** analysis revealed non-significant relationship of the age and the concentration of SOM with the number of macrofauna species and with the concentrations of total mineral nitrogen,bioavailable phosphorus and *** existence of ants had no relationship with the concentration of SOM;whereas,existence of Lumbricus terrestris tended to had a positive relationship with the concentration of *** field of tree-based intercropping system was 2 years of age since the land was converted from rangeland to a cropland,had two ant species *** indicates the positive influence of crop diversification on soil

关键词： soil organic matter Macrofauna Land use history Tree-based intercropping Conservation agriculture

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Feasibility of Estimating Heavy Metal Contaminations in Floodplain soils Using Laboratory-Based Hyperspectral Data—A Case Study Along Le’an River, China

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2011年第1期14卷 10-16页

作者： LIU Yaolin LI Wei WU Guofeng XU Xinguo School of Resource and Environmental Science. Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079 China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System Ministry of Education Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road Wuhan430079 China Sichuan Zhongshui-chengkanyuan Surveying and Mapping Engineering Company Chengdu 610072 China

It is necessary to estimate heavy metal concentrations within soils for understanding heavy metal contaminations and for keeping the sustainable developments of *** study,with the floodplain along Le'an River and its two branches in Jiangxi Province of China as a case study,aimed to explore the feasibility of estimating concentrations of heavy metal lead(Pb),copper(Cu) and zinc(Zn) within soils using laboratory-based hyperspectral *** soil samples were collected,and their hyperspectral data,soil organic matters and Pb,Cu and Zn concentrations were measured in the *** potential relations among hyperspectral data,soil organic matter and Pb,Cu and Zn concentrations were explored and further used to estimate Pb,Cu and Zn concentrations from hyperspectral data with soil organic matter as a *** results showed that the ratio of the first-order derivatives of spectral absorbance at wavelengths 624 and 564 nm could explain 52% of the variation of soil organic matter;the soil organic matter could ex-plain 59%,51% and 50% of the variation of Pb,Cu and Zn concentrations with estimated standard errors of 1.41,48.27 and 45.15 mg·kg-1;and the absolute estimation errors were 8%-56%,12%-118% and 2%-22%,and 50%,67% and 100% of them were less than 25% for Pb,Cu and Zn concentration *** concluded that the laboratory-based hyperspectral data hold potentials in esti-mating concentrations of heavy metal Pb,Cu and Zn in *** sampling points or other potential linear and non-linear regression methods should be used for improving the stabilities and accuracies of the estimation models.

关键词： soil heavy metal concentration estimation soil organic matter hyperspectral data

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Influences of landform as a confounding variable on SOM-NDVI association in semiarid Ordos Plateau

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第4期4卷 450-456页

作者： YanYun LUO TingXi LIU XiXi WANG LiMin DUAN College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot 010018 China Hydraulics/Water Resources Laboratory Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Old Dominion University NorfolkVA 23529-0241 USA

soil organic matter （SOM） plays an important role in maintaining vegetation cover and thus mitigating land erosion of fragile terrestrial ecosystems such as in the Northern Ordos Plateau of China （NOPC）. However, little information is available on whether and how SOM varies spatially as an intrinsic characteristic of landform in NOPC. The objective of this study was to examine the spatial associations of SOM with landform and vegetation cover. The study was conducted in a 23,000-km2 area within NOPC because this area has landforms of mobile dunes （MD）, flat dunes （FD）, grassy sandy land （GSL）, flat sandy bedrocks （FSB）, and swamps and salt lakes （SW）, which are typical landforms in semiarid ecosystems. SOM was determined using a standard laboratory analysis method for 5 cm topsoil samples collected at 72 locations across the study area. In addition, the 250 m Multitem- poral Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） imageries taken in the period from August 2006 to August 2010 were used to extract Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） which in turn was used as the surrogate of vegetation cover. Classic and geostatistical methods were used to compare SOM concentration across different landforms. The results indicated that an area with a greater value for NDVI （i.e. better vegetation cover） tended to have a higher SOM concentration regardless of the landform types. However, the association between SOM and NDVI varied from one landform to another. The SW and GSL had a highest SOM concentration, while MD had a lowest concentration. For the study area as a whole and the FD, GSL, and MD, SOM was found to be the sole function of NDVI, whereas, for the FSB, SOM was influenced by several intrinsic variables, namely ground surface altitude, slope, and aspect, as well as NDVI. SOM for the SW landform was found to be a function of NDVI. Furthermore, SOM and NDVI exhibited a consistent spatial pattern of increasing from north to south and from west to east. T

关键词： MODIS NDVI remote sensing soil organic matter spatial pattern topography

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soil Forest Ecosystem and Forest Fire Effect on soil organic Carbon Stock in Lebanon

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Journal of Life Sciences 2018年第1期12卷 47-58页

作者： Darwish Talal Abou Daher Mohamad Jomaa Ihab Faour Ghaleb Awad Mohamad Hamze Mouin National Council for Scientific Research Centre for Remote Sensing Beirut 8281/11 Lebanon Head of Educational Department/MsC Ministry of Agriculture Beirut 8281/11 Lebanon Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute Tal Amara Bekaa Zahle 287 Lebanon National Council for Scientific Research Beirut 8281/11 Lebanon

Accurately quantifying SOC （soil organic carbon） store in soils is considered fundamental to global climate change modeling, notably in soil forest ecosystems in relation to land cover/use change, forest fires and sustainable land management practices. Lebanese soils were described as relatively poor in organic matter content. This work used Landsat and IRS （Indian Remote Sensing） to classify land cover and land use, field survey to map the soil cover and assess carbon stock in the Lebanese soil and forest ecosystems and link the frequency of forest fires with the soil nature and land cover land use to assess the resulting risk of SOC loss from the soil pool. SOC density and stock was assessed using information from 450 soil profiles and the average OC content in a given soil type was calculated involving organic matter content in the soil, bulk density, soil thickness and the content of coarse fragments to produce the national SOC stock map. A total of 11 soil types （major classes） represented the mapping units describing the higher soil component or major classes were identified in Lebanon. The higher standard deviation observed in Luvisols reflects soil diversity, history and different management. Comparing the results of surface soil layer with the overall SOC density and stock in Lebanese soils showed a good correlation （0.98） between the OC stock within the upper soil layer and in the 100 cm depth, indicating the absolute role of the upper, biologically most active soil layer in the organic matter accumulation and carbon sequestration. Observation over a pilot area in the High Meten showed the calcareous soil group consists of Luvisols with associated Cambisols. soil units representing the transition between the two soil groups are markedly affected by erosion-deposition processes. Pine occupies the largest area of forest （3,600 ha） followed by oak （1,800 ha） and mixed forest （1,200 ha）, representing 24.9%, 12.5 % and 8.2% of forest cover respectively. The ana

关键词： Land cover mountain pedogenesis soil organic matter east mediterranean fires drought.

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Urban soil Compaction Remediation by Shallow Tillage and Compost in Hydroseeded Lawn

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Open Journal of soil Science 2024年第7期14卷 399-415页

作者： James Jihoon Kang Adam Flores Engil Isadora Pujol Pereira Jungseok Ho School of Earth Environmental and Marine Sciences University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas USA Environmental Health and Safety University of Texas Health San Antonio San Antonio Texas USA Department of Civil Engineering University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas USA

Construction activities often involve removal of topsoil and compaction of the exposed soil by heavy equipments. Such compacted soils with low organic matter can lead to low infiltration and poor vegetation establishment. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of tillage (shallow till) and compost on soil physical and biological properties in a hydroseeded lawn as a post-construction best management practice for soil compaction remediation. The experimental site received a total of four land treatments in five replicated trials and it was hydroseeded with common Bermuda grass: 1) No Tillage + Compost (NT-C), 2) No Tillage + No Compost (NT-NC;control), 3) Tillage + Compost (T-C), and 4) Tillage + No Compost (T-NC). Bulk density (BD), infiltration rate (IR), and wet aggregate stability (WAS) in each plot were measured to assess soil physical properties while soil organic matter (SOM) and enzyme activity (β-glucosidase, acid-phosphatase, and alkaline-phosphatase) were measured for soil biological properties. Over a 15-months of monitoring period, the shallow tillage loosened the soil initially, but its effect on BD without compost was diminished to control plot level (NT-NC) within 4 months after hydroseeding. Both tillage and compost led to an increase in IR, and it remained higher than control by 2 - 3 times throughout the observation period. The WAS and β-glucosidase activity decreased in tilled plot unless there was compost application. Turfgrass showed greener leaves and aggregated roots in the compost-amended plots (NT-C and T-C). Our results suggest that compost application plays a key role in improving soil physical and biological properties in hydroseeded lawns from construction sites.

关键词： Compaction Compost Infiltration soil organic matter soil Enzyme Tillage Wet Aggregate Stability

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Temperature Affects New Carbon Input Utilization by soil Microbes: Evidence based on a Rapid δ^(13)C Measurement Technology

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019年第2期10卷 202-212页

作者： CAO Yingqiu ZHANG Zhen XU Li CHEN Zhi HE Nianpeng Resources and Environment College Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academyof Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Grassland Science Northeast Normal University and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Changchun 130024 China

Strong and rapid responses of soil microbial respiration to pulses,such as those from available soil organic matter(SOM)or water input from precipitation(especially in arid areas),are ***,how soil microbes utilize new SOM inputs and the effects that temperature may have on their activities are unclear owing to the limitation in the application of traditional isotopic techniques at minute *** the present study,we developed a system of measuring 12CO2 and δ^13C minutely and synchronously under controlled incubation temperatures,i.e.,for 48 h at 7,10,15,20,and 25℃,to explore the carbon utilization strategies of soil *** measured the respiration rates of soil microbes in response to different carbon sources,i.e.,added glucose(Rg)and initial SOM(Rs),as well as the total respiration rate(Rt).All responses were rapid and characterized by unimodal ***,the characteristic values of these curves,such as the maximum of rate(R-max),the time required to achieve R-max,and the ratio of the duration of R-max to that of 1/2 R-max,were all dependent on incubation ***,temperature greatly influenced the strategy that microorganisms employed to utilize different carbon *** effects of temperature on the intensity of the microbial respiratory response and the ratio of Rg/Rs are important for evaluating the effect of land-use changes or variations in seasonal temperature on SOM turnover and should be considered in ecological models in future studies.

关键词： soil respiration decomposition isotopic pulse soil organic matter turnover

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Studying the Condition of soil Protection Agrolandscape in Ukraine Using Remote Sensing Methods

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2015年第4期5卷 235-240页

作者： Stanislav Truskavetsky Tetiana Byndych Alexandr Sherstyuk Kostiantyn Viatkin National Scientific Center "Institute for soil Science and Agrochemistry Research Named after O.N. Sokolovsky" Kharkiv 61024Ukraine

The article reviews the scientific approaches to monitoring of soil condition on the soil protection agrolandscape. In 1980s, the contour-meliorative soil protection system was established on the selected fields in Ukraine. The objective of the current research was to determine the capabilities of satellite survey to identify the changes of soil cover that had occurred on these fields during the past 25 years. soil erosion processes are very dynamic, therefore it is essential to use time-series of operative satellite images to track those changes. Rills on the fields, caused by water erosion, are clearly identified on high-resolution satellite data. Erosion causes the decrease of humus content, which affects soil reflection values. This in turn leads to a corresponding change of color shade on satellite images. The research allowed to determine correlation between remote sensing data and soil organic carbon content and to acquire a mathematical model which describes this correlation. The condition of the agrolandscape soils was assessed using the regression model, which helped to evaluate erosion risk for different areas of the test polygon. The visual interpretation of satellite imagery led to a conclusion about a damaging effect of erosion on protective forest belts and accordingly on fields＇ soil cover and crops. Visual analysis results were approved by field research. Photos taken during the field research indicate an unsatisfactory status of forest belts and a devastating effect of eroding water flows. These are the results of irresponsible land use and constant violation of methodical principles of the contour-meliorative system organization. The article concludes that the use of time-series of high-resolution satellite imagery allows monitoring the condition of soil protection agrolandscape, in particular the forest belts＇ status soil cover conditions and their change over time. The research results can be used as an informational basis for the soil protectio

关键词： soil cover space imagery remote sensing anti-erosion agrolandscape soil organic matter monitoring modeling.

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Near-Surface soil Chemical Properties as Affected by Cover Crops Over Time in the Lower Mississippi River Valley

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1035-1056页

作者： Cooper Fanning Kristofor R. Brye Michael B. Daniels Trenton L. Roberts Samuel Fernandes Lisa S. Wood Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA

Typical row-crop agricultural practices can potentially be harmful to soil health and future sustainability. The use of cover crops (CC) as a mechanism to improve soil health on a wide scale remains underutilized. soil health remains a major concern for the sustainability of agricultural productivity, therefore, research into CC implementation as a mean to preserve or improve soil health is warranted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CC on the soils in the eastern Arkansas portion of the Lower Mississippi River Valley (LMRV) over time for various chemical soil parameters, including pH, soil organic matter (SOM), soil elemental contents (i.e., P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B), soil respiration, and a generalized soil health score index. soil pH decreased over time under both CC and no-cover-crop (NCC) treatments, by −0.3 and −0.2, respectively. soil OM decreased over time under NCC by −0.1%, but did not differ between CC treatments. soil N availability decreased over time under NCC (−22.6 kg·ha−1), but did not change over time under CC. soil respiration decreased over time under both CC and NCC, by −76.1 mg·L−1 and −77.3 mg·L−1, respectively, though there was no effect of CC treatment. The Haney soil health score index decreased under CC (−7.0) and NCC (−6.8) without an effect from CC treatment. Results of the study place emphasis on the temporal nature of soil health as influenced by cover crops and their potential to improve soil health.

关键词： Arkansas Cover Crops soil Properties soil organic matter soil Health Score

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Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization Kinetics from organically-Amended Upland Purplish soil

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Open Journal of soil Science 2024年第11期14卷 726-740页

作者： Hamidou Bah Amara Cissé Mabetty Touré Bo Zhu Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China Institut Suprieur Agronomique et Vtrinaire de Faranah (ISAV/F) Faranah Guine

The application of organic amendments in upland soils may influence soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization, which are very important for understanding plant nutrition. However, the kinetics of C and N mineralization from organically amended upland purplish soils has been poorly studied. Therefore, this study investigates C and N mineralization kinetics in organically amended upland purplish soils. Incubation experiments were conducted using soil samples collected from experimental plots that have been under long-term organic amendment fertilization, which includes: organic manure (OM), crop residues (CR), combined organic manure with inorganic fertilizers (OMNPK), combined crop residue with inorganic fertilizers (CRNPK), conventional inorganic fertilizer (NPK), and no fertilizer (CK). The results showed that organically amended treatments increased C and N mineralization rates by 8 - 24% and 17 - 33%, respectively, compared with NPK. Likewise, the amount of potentially mineralizable carbon (Co) and nitrogen (No) increased by 4 - 9% and 15 - 20%, respectively, compared to the conventional NPK treatment. The rate constants for labile C (kC) and N (kN) were 6 - 29% and 3 - 27% higher than the NPK treatment, respectively. In addition, the initial potential rate of C (Co × kC) and N (No × kN) in organically amended soils were 10 - 37% and 18 - 52% higher compared to NPK. This study tried to show that the mechanisms of N supply was direct application of mineral N fertilizer and mineralization of organic N, while the N retention was reducing soil active N loss and storing more active N in cropland of purplish soil. These results suggest that the long-term application of organic amendments to upland soils may increase nutrient bioavailability.

关键词： Agricultural Practices First-Order Kinetics Mineralization Rates organic Fertilizers soil organic matter

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MICROBIAL NECROMASS WITHIN AGGREGATES STABILIZES PHYSICALLY-PROTECTED C RESPONSE TO CROPLAND MANAGEMENT

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第2期10卷 198-209页

作者： Ranran ZHOU Jing TIAN Zhengling CUI Fusuo ZHANG College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions(Ministry of Education)China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

The interactions of soil microorganisms and structure regulate the degradation and stabilization processes of soil organic carbon(SOC). Microbial necromass is a persistent component of SOC, and its magnitude of accumulation dependent on management and aggregate sizes. A meta-analysis of 121 paired measurements was conducted to evaluate the management effects on contributions of microbial necromass to SOC depending on aggregate fractions. Results showed that the contribution of fungal necromass to SOC increased with aggregate sizes, while bacterial necromass had a higher proportion in silt and clay. Cropland management increased total and fungal necromass in large macroaggregates(47.1% and 45.6%), small macroaggregates(44.0% and 44.2%), and microaggregates(38.9% and 37.6%).Cropland management increased bacterial necromass independent of aggregate fraction sizes. Greater fungal necromass was increased in macroaggregates in response to manure(26.6% to 28.5%) and no or reduced tillage(68.0% to 73.5%). Cover crops increased bacterial necromass by 25.1%in small macroaggregates. Stimulation of microbial necromass was proportional to the increases of SOC within soil aggregates, and the correlation was higher in macroaggregates. Increasing microbial necromass accumulation in macroaggregates can, therefore, be considered as a central component of management strategies that aim to accelerate C sequestration in agricultural soils.

关键词： cropland management microbial necromass soil aggregates soil carbon sequestration soil organic matter

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