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Assessment of soil erosion in the Irga watershed on the eastern edge of the Chota Nagpur Plateau,India

Regional Sustainability 2024年第1期5卷 54-68页

作者： Ratan PAL Buddhadev HEMBRAM Narayan Chandra JANA Department of Geography the University of BurdwanWest Bengal-713104India

Human activities to improve the quality of life have accelerated the natural rate of soil erosion.In turn,these natural disasters have taken a great impact on humans.Human activities,particularly the conversion of vegetated land into agricultural land and built-up area,stand out as primary contributors to soil erosion.The present study investigated the risk of soil erosion in the Irga watershed located on the eastern fringe of the Chota Nagpur Plateau in Jharkhand,India,which is dominated by sandy loam and sandy clay loam soil with low soil organic carbon(SOC)content.The study used the Revised Universal soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)and Geographical Information System(GIS)technique to determine the rate of soil erosion.The five parameters(rainfall-runoff erosivity(R)factor,soil erodibility(K)factor,slope length and steepness(LS)factor,cover-management(C)factor,and support practice(P)factor)of the RUSLE were applied to present a more accurate distribution characteristic of soil erosion in the Irga watershed.The result shows that the R factor is positively correlated with rainfall and follows the same distribution pattern as the rainfall.The K factor values in the northern part of the study area are relatively low,while they are relatively high in the southern part.The mean value of the LS factor is 2.74,which is low due to the flat terrain of the Irga watershed.There is a negative linear correlation between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and the C factor,and the high values of the C factor are observed in places with low NDVI.The mean value of the P factor is 0.210,with a range from 0.000 to 1.000.After calculating all parameters,we obtained the average soil erosion rate of 1.43 t/(hm^(2)•a),with the highest rate reaching as high as 32.71 t/(hm^(2)•a).Therefore,the study area faces a low risk of soil erosion.However,preventative measures are essential to avoid future damage to productive and constructive activities caused by soil erosion.This study also identifies the spatial distribution of soil erosion r

关键词： soil erosion soil organic carbon Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor soil erodibility factor Slope length and steepness factor Cover-management factor Support practice factor Irga watershed

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soil erosion assessment by RUSLE model using remote sensing and GIS in an arid zone

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 3105-3124页

作者： Pingheng Li Aqil Tariq Qingting Li Bushra Ghaffar Muhammad Farhan Ahsan Jamil Walid Soufan Ayman El Sabagh Mohamed Freeshah Business School Huanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangPeople’s Republic of China Department of Wildlife Fisheries and AquacultureMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote SensingWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople’s Republic of China Airborne Remote Sensing Center Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Department of Environmental Science Faculty of SciencesInternational Islamic UniversityIslamabadPakistan School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjingPeople’s Republic of China Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNMUSA Plant Production Department College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikhEgypt Geomatics Engineering Department Benha UniversityBanh1Egypt School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan UniversityWuhanPeople’s Republic of China

In this research,we used the Revised Universal soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)and Geographical Information System(GIS)to predict the annual rate of soil loss in the District Chakwal of Pakistan.The parameters of the RUSLE model were estimated using remote sensing data,and the erosion probability zones were determined using GIs.The estimated length slope(LS),crop management(C),rainfall erosivity(R),soil erodibility(K),and support practice(P)range from 0-68,227,0-66.61%,0-0.58,495.99-648.68 MJ/mm.***.ha^(-1).year^(-1),0.15-0.25 MJ/mm.***.ha^(-1).year^(-1),and 1 respectively.The results indicate that the estimated total annual potential soi loss of approximately 4,67,064.25 t.ha^(-1).year^(-1) is comparable with the measured'sediment ioss of 11,631 t.ha^(-1).year^(-1) during the water year 2020.The predicted soil erosion rate due to an increase in agricultural area is approximately 164,249.31 t.ha^(-1).year^(-1).In this study,we also used,Landsat imagery to rapidly achieve actual land use classification.Meanwhile,38.i3%of the region was threatened by very high soil erosion,where the quantity of soil erosion ranged from 365487.35 t.ha^(-1).year^(-1),Integrating GIS and remote sensing with the RUSLE model helped researchers achieve their final objectives.Land-use planners and decision-makers use the result's spatial distribution of soil erosion in District Chakwal for conservation and management planning.

关键词： RUSLE Landsat land management DEM soil erosion

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soil erosion and its causes in high-filling body:A case study of a valley area on the Loess Plateau,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第1期20卷 182-196页

作者： BAO Han TANG Ming LAN Heng-xing PENG Jian-bing ZHENG Han GUO Guan-miao School of Highway Chang’an UniversityXi’an710064China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education School of Environmental Science and EngineeringChang’an UniversityXi’an710054China

Large-scale land consolidation projects(LCPs)have been carried out on the Loess Plateau to increase the area of agriculture land.The newly created land is prone to soil erosion under the effects of water and gravity.Taking a typical high-filling body(HFB)formed by LCPs in Yan’an,China as the subject,this study comprehensively investigated the types and causes of soil erosion with multiple methods of field investigation,on-site monitoring and laboratory tests.Results showed that the HFB presented a composite pattern of soil erosion with multiple types mainly including underground erosion,mixed water-gravity erosion,seepage erosion,and scouring erosion.The type of erosion varied spatially in different parts of the HFB depending on the dominant factors,mainly including the groundwater state,rainfall,runoff,gravity action,topography,and soil erodibility.The underground erosion mainly occurred at the positions with higher groundwater level and larger hydraulic gradient,while scouring erosion mainly occurred at the positions with extensive interactions of surface runoff,channel slope gradient and soil properties.And near the leading edge of the top of the slope,a band of mixed watergravity erosion occurred owing to the effects of water and gravity.In addition,nearly saturated soils at the toe of HFB displayed groundwater exfiltration and slope-face slumping.Based on our findings on the causes and variation of soil erosion for the HFB,we proposed the following erosion prevention and control measures to protect the LCPs on the Loess Plateau:to construct drainage ditches and blind ditches to form a complete drainage system,plant alfalfa on the top platform to increase rainfall interception and reduce surface runoff,set seepage ditches and plant deep-rooted plants at the toe of the slope to improve slope toe stability,monitor groundwater level and slope deformation to learn the erosion dynamics and slope stability,and optimize the geometry of HFB such as the slope gradient and slope steps to reduce soil erosion.

关键词： Land consolidation High-filling body soil erosion Loess Plateau On-site monitoring Influence factors

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soil erosion differences in paired grassland and forestland catchments on the Chinese Loess Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第5期20卷 1336-1348页

作者： YANG Si-qi LUO Da HAN Hao JIN Zhao Interdisciplinary Research Center of Earth Science Frontier State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource EcologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Xi’an 710061China

In this study,two adjacent gauged catchments on the Chinese Loess Plateau were selected,in which one catchment was afforested and one was restored with natural vegetation in 1954.The distributions of soil erosion rates were estimated between 2010 and 2020 with a high spatial resolution of 2 m in the paired catchments based on the Revised Universal soil Loss Equation model(RUSLE)and Geographic Information Systems(GIS).The results showed that the simulated soil erosion rates in 2010-2020 averaged 12.58 and 8.56 t ha^(-1)a^(-1)for the grassland and forestland catchment,respectively.Moreover,areas with high soil erosion rates(>80t ha^(-1)a^(-1))were mainly distributed in the topography with steep slope gradients(>45°).Comparisons between simulated soil erosion rates and observed annual sediment loads indicated that the simulation results of the grassland catchment were lower than the observed values,while it was reversed in the forestland catchment.We conclude that the RUSLE model cannot simulate the gravity erosion induced by extreme rainfall events.For the forestland catchment,insufficient streamflow and dense vegetation coverage are crucial factors resulting in hindering the movement of sediments.

关键词： Catchment comparison soil erosion RUSLE model Vegetation effect Topography effect Spatial analysis

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A drone‑and feld‑based investigation of the land degradation and soil erosion at an opencast coal mine dump after 5 years’evolution of natural processes

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第3期9卷 50-66页

作者： Wu Xiao He Ren Tao Sui Heyu Zhang Yanling Zhao Zhenqi Hu Department of Land Management Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)100083 BeijingChina Guangzhou South China Institute of Natural Resources Science and Technology Guangzhou 510642China

Opencast coal mining has a large impact on the land surface,both at the mining pits themselves and at waste sites.After artifcial management is stopped,a reclaimed opencast coal mine dump is afected by wind and water erosion from natural processes,resulting in land degradation and even safety incidents.In this paper,the soil erosion and land degradation after 5 years of such natural processes,at the Xilinhot opencast coal mine dump in Inner Mongolia,were investigated.A multisource data acquisition method was applied:the vegetation fraction coverage(VFC)was extracted from GF-1 satellite imagery,high-precision terrain characteristics and the location and degree of soil erosion were obtained using a drone,and the physical properties of the topsoil were obtained by feld sampling.On this basis,the degree and spatial distribution of erosion cracks were identifed,and the causes of soil erosion and land degradation were analyzed using the geographical detector.The results show that(1)multi-source data acquisition method can provide efective basic data for the quantitative evaluation of the ecological environment at dumps,and(2)slope aspect and VFC are the main factors afecting the degree of degradation and soil erosion.Based on above analysis,several countermeasures are proposed to mitigate land degradation:(1)The windward slope be designed to imitate the natural landform.(2)Reasonable engineering measures should be applied at the slope to restrain soil erosion.(3)The Pioneer plants should be widely planted on the platform at the early stage of reclamation.

关键词： Coal mine dump Ecological restoration Drone soil erosion Ecosystem stability Geographical detector

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First application of plutonium in soil erosion research on terraces

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第4期34卷 41-53页

作者： Yong-Jing Guan Wu Chen Shen-Zhen Wang Yu-Xin Hua Qiao-Yan Jing Zhi-Yong Liu Chun-Ping Huang De-Yu Wang Hui-Juan Wang Xian-Wen He Mario De Cesare Liang-Jia Cui Hua He Kai-Di Fan Zi-Chen Guo Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences(RAD-X)and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Radiation-Environment Management and Monitoring Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning 530222China Department of Large Ground Testing Facilities CIRA-Italian Aerospace Research Centre81043 CapuaItaly Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”81100 CasertaItaly INFN-National Institute for Nuclear Physics Naples Section80126 NaplesItaly

The spatial distributions of ^(239+240)Pu and ^(137)Cs in soils from Longji Rice Terraces were investigated to evaluate soil erosion.The activity concentrations of ^(239+240)Pu and ^(137)Cs in the surface soils of the paddy fields were in the range of 0.089–0.734 and1.80–7.88 mBq/g,respectively.The activities of ^(239+240)Pu and ^(137)Cs showed very similar distribution trends,first increasing and then decreasing with increasing elevation.The 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in the surface soils ranged from 0.162 to 0.232.The activities of ^(239+240)Pu and ^(137)Cs in the soil cores tended to be uniformly distributed within the plowed layer and declined exponentially below this depth.The mean soil erosion rates of Longji Rice Terraces estimated by ^(239+240)Pu and ^(137)Cs tracer methods were 5.44 t/(ha·a)and 5.16 t/(ha·a),respectively,which demonstrated that plutonium can replace ^(137)Cs as an ideal tracer for soil erosion research in the future.Landform features are the main factors affecting the distribution of plutonium and ^(137)Cs as well as soil erosion in the Longji Rice Terraces.

关键词： soil erosion Plutonium ^(137)Cs Tracer method Terraces

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Elevation,bedrock exposure,land use,interbedded limestone and clastic rock,and vegetation coverage dominate the spatiotemporal variability of soil erosion in karst basin

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第9期20卷 2519-2535页

作者： CHEN Mei GAO Jia-yong CHEN Hong-lian JING Jun LI Rui School of Karst Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control Guiyang 550001China

soil erosion is a prominent environmental problem in karst regions.Exploring the spatiotemporal variability of soil erosion and the factors that influence soil erosion is of great significance for regional soil erosion prevention and control.However,the mechanisms influencing the characteristic features of the karst basins,such as bedrock exposure and lithology,still need to be further explored.This study used GIS technology,the Revised Universal soil Loss Equation model,Getis–Ord Gi*,and partial least squares regression(PLSR)to identify the dominant factors influencing soil erosion and the spatiotemporal variability of soil erosion in 31 sub-basins of the Dabang River Basin(DRB),a typical karst area of Southwest China,from 2010 to 2020.The results indicated that soil erosion in the DRB from 2010 to 2020 was generally decreasing,the mean soil erosion in the DRB in 2010,2015 and 2020 was 18.46,16.51 and 15.29 t ha^(-1)a^(-1),respectively.During the study period,the area of slight erosion increased by 26.39%(706.54 km^(2)),while severe erosion enlarged by 26.36 km^(2).Spatially,the DRB was primarily affected by medium and slight soil erosion.The hot spot areas of soil erosion(key control areas)were mainly concentrated in the central and southern parts of the basin,decreasing each year,and the area of soil erosion hot pots has decreased from 43.22%to 20.60%.PLSR decoupling results show that elevation,bedrock exposure,land use type,interbedded limestone and clastic rock,and vegetation coverage were identified as the key variables affecting soil erosion,explaining 52.8%of soil erosion variability,with a high value of the Variable Importance on Projection(VIP)more than 1.These results can be used as a reference for comprehensive control of soil erosion and water loss in the basin.

关键词： soil erosion Karst basin RUSLE model Spatiotemporal variability PLSR

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Conservation management decreases surface runoff and soil erosion

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第2期10卷 188-196页

作者： Xuan Du Jinshi Jian Can Du Ryan D.Stewart Department of Hydraulic Engineering Yangling Vocational&Technical CollegeYang LingShaanxiChina State Key Laboratory of soil erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Pacific Northwest National Laboratory-University of Maryland Joint Global Change Research Institute 5825 University Research CourtSuite3500College ParkMDUSA Department of Bioengineering Yangling Vocational&Technical CollegeYang LingShaanxiChina School of Plant and Environmental Sciences Virginia

Conservation management practices e including agroforestry,cover cropping,no-till,reduced tillage,and residue return e have been applied for decades to control surface runoff and soil erosion,yet results have not been integrated and evaluated across cropping systems.In this study we collected data comparing agricultural production with and without conservation management strategies.We used a bootstrap resampling analysis to explore interactions between practice type,soil texture,surface runoff,and soil erosion.We then used a correlation analysis to relate changes in surface runoff and soil erosion to 13 other soil health and agronomic indicators,including soil organic carbon,soil aggregation,infil-tration,porosity,subsurface leaching,and cash crop yield.Across all conservation management practices,surface runoff and erosion had respective mean decreases of 67%and 80%compared with controls.Use of cover cropping provided the largest decreases in erosion and surface runoff,thus emphasizing the importance of maintaining continuous vegetative cover on soils.Coarse-and medium-textured soils had greater decreases in both erosion and runoff than fine-textured soils.Changes in surface runoff and soil erosion under conservation management were highly correlated with soil organic carbon,aggregation,porosity,infiltration,leaching,and yield,showing that conservation practices help drive important in-teractions between these different facets of soil health.This study offers the first large-scale comparison of how different conservation agriculture practices reduce surface runoff and soil erosion,and at the same time provides new insight into how these interactions influence the improvement or loss of soil health。

关键词： Conservation management soil erosion Runoff Meta-analysis soil he

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Effects of rainfall and rocky desertification on soil erosion in karst area of Southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第11期19卷 3118-3130页

作者： PAN Li-dong LI Rui SHU Dong-cai ZHAO Li-na CHEN Mei JING Jun School of Karst Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control Guiyang 550001China College of Resources and Environment Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Guizhou Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau Guiyang 550002China

Monitoring and evaluating the evolution of rocky desertification timely and studying the characteristics of soil erosion under different rainfall patterns are of great scientific significance for regional soil and water conservation,rocky desertification control and ecological environment construction.Four periods of remote sensing image data from 2005 to 2020 were selected to study the evolution characteristics of rocky desertification and its impact on soil erosion in the controlled boundary area of Shibantang hydrological station of Yeji River Watershed,Guizhou Province,China.According to the 408 erosive rainfall events,the soil erosion under different rainfall patterns in the watershed was analyzed.The results showed that:erosive rainfall events in the study area were mainly pattern A,accounting for 57.4%of the total rainfall events;the second was pattern B,accounting for 28.9%of the total rainfall events;the rainfall pattern of C occurred occasionally.Among them,pattern A was the main rainfall pattern leading to soil and water loss and had the largest contribution rate to soil erosion in the watershed.From 2005 to 2020,the area of rocky desertification showed a decreasing trend,accounting for 72.2%from 87.9%.Spatially,rocky desertification has mainly concentrated in the middle south of the watershed since 2010,while the rocky desertification mainly concentrated in the middle and north before 2010.The effects of different grades of rocky desertification on soil erosion were different,and the soil erosion modulus in areas with the medium,severe and extremely severe rocky desertification was generally small.The soil erosion modulus estimated by the RUSLE(Revised Universal soil Loss Equation)model was still much higher than that calculated by the data measured by the hydrological monitoring station.Therefore,the application of the RUSLE model in karst area needs to be further modified.These results can provide reference for rocky desertification control,soil erosion control and fragile ecosystem restoration in k

关键词： Erosive rainfall Rocky desertification Spatial-temporal evolution soil erosion Karst

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Assessment and prioritization of soil erosion triggering factors using analytical hierarchy process and Taguchi method

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第3期38卷 396-404页

作者： Mehdi Hayatzadeh Vahid Moosavi Ramyar Aliramaee Department of Nature Engineering Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Ardakan University Department of Watershed Management Engineering Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Khamsan Representative and Paired Watershed

The main aims of this study are assessing some factors which affect the soil erosion process and evaluating the results of an analytical hierarchy process(AHP) method using the Taguchi method. Firstly, the weights for those factors and levels affecting soil erosion were determined by the AHP method. The determination of weights was based on the opinions of academic researchers, experts, middle managers,and members of the soil and Water Research Centers in Iran. Secondly, an L32 Taguchi orthogonal array was selected based on the number of factors and levels for the current problem. Accordingly, 32 rainfall events were simulated and sediment yield amounts were measured. Analyzing the results of the Taguchi method, the weights of factors and levels were determined. The results showed that the weights obtained from the AHP method were not in accordance with the results of field measurements and the Taguchi analysis. The AHP method indicated that the main factors have the following order of importance: geological formation, rainfall intensity, silt content of soil as an indicator for the soil texture,vegetation cover, slope steepness, and slope aspect in the study area. However, the Taguchi method found the following order for the main factors: rainfall intensity, geological formation, silt content of soil as an indicator for the soil texture, slope steepness, vegetation cover, and slope aspect. As the Taguchi method works based on the quantitative measurements, the Taguchi results are more reliable rather than subjective methods such as AHP. It was also concluded that the AHP method should be used cautiously in assessing natural phenomena. Therefore, in the cases that in situ measurements are possible, it is better to use quantitative mathematical and statistical methods than to rely to qualitative knowledge based approaches.

关键词： soil erosion Taguchi method Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method Optimization

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