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softening OF VIBRATIONAL MODES OF THE HIGH-Tc PHASE OF Bi-SYSTEM SUPERCONDUCTOR

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 1992年第2期3卷 78-82页

作者：李阳曹国辉马如璋程本培孔捷

The temperature dependent Fe Mossbauer and X-ray diffraction measurement on Bi-system 2:2:2:3 phase have been carried out from 77 K to 300 K. It was found that there are two anomalous behaviors of lattice vibrational modes near 125 K and 220 K. This phenomena of lattice softening above Tc is taken as a precursor effect of superconductivity.

关键词： Mossbauer effect High-Tc superconductor Lattice softening X-ray diffraction

DAMAGE MODEL FOR HARDENING AND softening MATERIAL IN GENERAL STATE OF STRESS

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 1994年第4期7卷 323-333页

作者： Z.Mroz IPPT PANWarsaw

The present paper is aimed to simulate progression of damage,hardening and softening response in brittle materials such as concrete or rock in general state of *** shape of surfaces for yield,failure and damage progressing are available,and softening strain is treated as ***,the proposed model is applied to solving several boundary value problems.

关键词： softening damage multiaxial constitutive model

Molecular and biochemical basis of softening in tomato

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Molecular Horticulture 2022年第1期2卷 63-72页

作者： Duoduo Wang Graham B.Seymour College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaZhejiang 321004China School of Life Sciences Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Divison of Plant and Crop Sciences University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughboroughLeics LE125RDUK

We review the latest information related to the control of fruit softening in tomato and where relevant compare the events with texture changes in other fleshy *** of an acceptable texture is essential for consumer acceptance,but also determines the postharvest life of *** complex modern supply chain demands effective control of shelf life in tomato without compromising colour and *** control of softening and ripening in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)are discussed with respect to hormonal cues,epigenetic regulation and transcriptional modulation of cell wall structure-related *** the last section we focus on the biochemical changes closely linked with softening in tomato including key aspects of cell wall *** important elements of the softening process have been identified,but our understanding of the mechanistic basis of the process in tomato and other fruits remains incomplete,especially the precise relationship between changes in cell wall structure and alterations in fruit texture.

关键词： Tomato Cell walls softening Pectin Ripening

Preparation and characterization of high softening point and homogeneous isotropic pitches produced from distilled ethylene tar by a novel bromination method

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新型炭材料 2018年第1期33卷 97-100页

作者： Chuan-zhang Ge Zhen-long Sun Hai-xiao Yang Dong-hui Long Wen-ming Qiao Li-cheng Ling State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

摘要: 以乙烯渣油减压蒸馏重组分（ET-HR）为原料，采用溴化/脱溴聚合两步法制备了新型高软化点各向同性沥青，研究了溴化温度和溴引入量对所得产品性质参数的影响。GCMS与LDI TOF/MS测试结果表明，ET-HR主要由富含饱和脂肪侧链的3-6环... 详细信息

摘要: 以乙烯渣油减压蒸馏重组分（ET-HR）为原料，采用溴化/脱溴聚合两步法制备了新型高软化点各向同性沥青，研究了溴化温度和溴引入量对所得产品性质参数的影响。GCMS与LDI TOF/MS测试结果表明，ET-HR主要由富含饱和脂肪侧链的3-6环芳香烃组成。ET-HR分别经30℃和200℃溴化后直接经350℃热处理发生脱溴化氢缩合反应。与简单热缩聚相比，该两步法显著提高了所得沥青的软化点（241~264℃）、产品得率（62 wt.%~67 wt.%）以及氮气下的残碳率（57 wt.%~77 wt.%）。对所得脱溴聚合沥青的组成和结构通过元素分析、 1H NMR、FT-IR和LDI-TOF/MS等技术手段进行了表征，结果表明脱溴聚合显著增强了前驱体的芳构化和缩聚反应程度。800℃炭化结果表明，溴化/脱溴聚合两步法所得各向同性沥青能够完全转变为各向异性织构，从而可广泛应用于高级炭材料领域。

关键词： high softening point and homogeneous isotropic pitches produced from distilled ethylene tar romination method

softening Behaviors of High Al2O3 Iron Blast Furnace Feeds

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Softening Behaviors of High Al2O3 Iron Blast Furnace Feeds

Assessing the allelotypic effect of two aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase-encoding genes MdACS1 and MdACS3a on fruit ethylene production and softening in Malus

“第十届中国钢铁年会”暨“第六届宝钢学术年会”

作者： Wang Dongqing Chen Mao Zhang Weidong Zhao Zhixing Zhao Baojun Shougang Research Institute of Technology The University of Queensland

High temperature softening experiments of industrial blast furnace feeds – sinter, pellet and lump – with two different levels of AlO content have been carried out to simulate the blast furnace condition. The iron feeds were packed in sandwich structure(coke/Fe-material/coke) with load on top and 30 CO/70 Argas was blowing from bottom of crucible through the *** temperatures and displacements were recorded simultaneously to construct the softening curves. The softening starting temperatures(T), softening ending temperatures(T) and meltdown temperatures(T) are obtained from the softening curves and compared for different feeds. The effects of AlO to the softening behaviorshave been revealed. Separated quenching experiments were carried out under the same atmosphere and temperature profile. The quenching temperatures were selected from the critical temperatures based on the softening curves. The phase assemblages and compositionswereanalyzed by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis(EPMA). Fact Sage calculations are also used to assist the prediction of phase proportions at different temperatures.

关键词： softening Al2O3 FactSage prediction blast furnace

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 198-207页

作者： Laura Dougherty Yuandi Zhu Kenong Xu Horticulture Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityNew York State Agricultural Experiment StationGenevaNY 14456USA Department of Pomology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Phytohormone ethylene largely determines apple fruit shelf life and *** studies demonstrated that MdACS1 and MdACS3a,which encode 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthases(ACS),are crucial in apple fruit ethylene ***1 is well-known to be intimately involved in the climacteric ethylene burst in fruit ripening,while MdACS3a has been regarded a main regulator for ethylene production transition from system 1(during fruit development)to system 2(during fruit ripening).However,MdACS3a was also shown to have limited roles in initiating the ripening process *** better assess their roles,fruit ethylene production and softening were evaluated at five time points during a 20-day post-harvest period in 97 Malus accessions and in 34 progeny from 2 controlled *** was accomplished using an existing marker(ACS1)for MdACS1 and two markers(CAPS866 and CAPS870)developed here to specifically detect the two null alleles(ACS3a-G289V and Mdacs3a)of *** total,952 Malus accessions were allelotyped with the three *** major findings included:The effect of MdACS1 was significant on fruit ethylene production and softening while that of MdACS3a was less detectable;allele MdACS1–2 was significantly associated with low ethylene and slow softening;under the same background of the MdACS1 allelotypes,null allele Mdacs3a(not ACS3a-G289V)could confer a significant delay of ethylene peak;alleles MdACS1–2 and Mdacs3a(excluding ACS3a-G289V)were highly enriched in *** and *** when compared with those in *** findings are of practical implications in developing apples of low and delayed ethylene profiles by utilizing the beneficial alleles MdACS1-2 and Mdacs3a.

关键词： effect softening finding

Study on Influencing Factors of Bio-electrochemical System for Water softening

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2017年第6期8卷 54-55,62页

作者： Han Yingjie Zhang Jiqiang School of Biological and Environmental Engineering Binzhou UniversityBinzhou 256603China

Bio-electrochemical system( BES) was used to soften hard water,and effects of ion species,electrode area and influent concentration on the performance of BES to soften hard water were analyzed. The results showed that it was more easy to remove Mg^(2+) from the hard water than Ca^(2+). Increasing electrode area could enhance the performance of BES to soften hard water. When the amount of added graphite at the anode was 150 g,the removal efficiency of Ca^(2+) increased by 18. 1%. The increase of influent concentration at the anode and the cathode could improve the softening efficiency of hard water by BES. As COD concentration at the anode and NO_3^--N concentration at the cathode increased to 2000 and 300 mg/L,the removal efficiency of Ca^(2+) rose by 36. 1% and 9. 4% respectively.

关键词： Water softening Bio-electrochemical system Influencing factors Condition optimization

ALLOY-softening AND RELATED PHENOMENON IN Fe-V ALLOYS

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1988年第9期33卷 732-736页

作者：刘志坚马如璋李正文 DePartment of Mserials of Centtal South Industrial University Changsba Department of Physics and Chemistry Beijing Uniuersity of Iron and Steel Technology

Many reports have been published since the phenomenon of alloy-softening was discovered in 1940. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon is still in dispute. The intrinsic theory mainly used as the explanation for Fe-Ni and Fe-Ti alloys has been widely studied while studies on using the intrinsic theory as the explanation of Fe-Ⅴ alloy are still few. According to the intrinsic theory, the main cause of softening is the interaction of the solute atoms and dislocations in b. c. c. alloys while

关键词： softening solute intrinsic explanation nucleation tensile strengthening alloying dispute relaxation

Ion Exchange softening and Alkalization Treatment for Zerodischarge of Circulating Cooling Water

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2009年第1期1卷 6-10页

作者： Huiming Zeng Jiuyang Lin Chunsong Ye Lihui Tong Xiaolan Chen Fei Yu School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan China

In order to solve the problems including pipe corrosion, scaling and microbial growth, which severely threat safe op-eration of circulating cooling water system, this paper proposes ion exchange softening and alkalization process to solve these problems and carries out a series of studies to study the feasibility of ion exchange softening and alkaliza-tion process in the simulation process of circulating cooling water system. The studies include product water quality of ion exchange softening and alkalization process, effect on the performance of carbon steel and brass, and the inhibition that suppresses microbial growth. The results indicate that ion exchange softening and alkalization process is feasible to prevent the circulating cooling water system from scaling, pipe corrosion, and microbial growth without any other chemicals. Thus circulating cooling water system can achieve zerodischarge of wastewater.

关键词： Ion Exchange softening and Alkalization Circulating Cooling Water Zerodischarge