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Saline-Sodic Soils:Potential Sources of Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Emissions?

Pedosphere 2017年第1期27卷 65-75页

作者： Upasana GHOSH Resham THAPA Thomas DESUTTER HE Yangbo Amitava CHATTERJEE Department of Soil Science North Dakota State University Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River) Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural University

Increasing salt-affected agricultural land due to low precipitation, high surface evaporation, irrigation with saline water, and poor cultural practices has triggered the interest to understand the influence of salt on nitrous oxide （N20） and carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions from soil. Three soils with varying electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract （ECe）（0.44-7.20 dS m-1） and sodium adsorption ratio of saturated paste extract （SARe）（1.1-27.7）, two saline-sodic soils （S2 and S3） and a non-saline, non-sodic soil （S1）, were incubated at moisture levels of 40%, 60%, and 80% water-filled pore space （WFPS） for 30 d, with or without nitrogen （N） fertilizer addition （urea at 525μg g-1 soil）. Evolving CO2 and N20 were estimated by analyzing the collected gas samples during the incubation period. Across all moisture and N levels, the cumulative N20 emissions increased significantly by 39.8% and 42.4% in S2 and S3, respectively, compared to S1. The cumulative CO2 emission from the three soils did not differ significantly as a result of the complex interactions of salinity and sodicity. Moisture had no significant effect oi1 N20 emissions, but cumulative CO2 emissions increased significantly with an increase in moisture. Addition of N significantly increased cumulative N20 and CO2 emissions. These showed that saline-sodic soils can be a significant contributor of N20 to the environment compared to non-saline, non-sodic soils. The application of N fertilizer, irrigation, and precipitation may potentially increase greenhouse gas （N20 and CO2） releases from saline-sodic soils.

关键词： CO2 electrical conductivity greenhouse gas emission moisture N fertilizer application N20 salinity sodicity sodiumadsorption ratio

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Effect of NaCl-Induced Salinity and Human Urine Fertilization on Substrate Chemical Properties

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第1期4卷 16-25页

作者： Michael Yongha Boh Joachim Sauerborn Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany

We evaluated the effect of NaCl-induced salinity and successive urine fertilization on changes in cultivation substrate chemical properties in a greenhouse study. The substrate was composed of an equal volume ratio mixture of bio-waste compost, quartz sand and silty loam soil. Salinity was imitated by adding NaCl solutions to a known substrate weight achieving three target salinity treatments of ECe 1.3 (S0—no NaCl), 4.6 (S1) and 7.6 (S2) dS·m-1. Cultivation substrate had been cropped with two cycles of maize (Zea mays L.) (crop cycles I and II) and fertilized with human urine at N amounts of 0 (U0—no urine), 180 (U1) and 360 (U2) mg·kg-1 substrate in the first cycle and half of the urine-N dosages in cycle II. Substrate samples collected at the end of each cycle were analyzed for pHKCl, ECe, exchangeable and water extractable cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+), cation exchange capacity, water extractable anions (Cl-, , , ) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Exchangeable Na+, K+ and Ca2+ were significantly (p sodicity with mounting urine fertilization. The level of NaCl salinity and the amount of urine applied are important determinants of substrate chemical properties. Adoption of appropriate management techniques to avoid salinity/sodicity build up should be included in urine fertilization planning.

关键词： Soil sodicity Electrical Conductivity Urine Nitrogen Nutrient Recycling

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Relationship between cation exchange capacity and the saline phase of Cheliff sol

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第3期3卷 434-443页

作者： Djamel Saidi Biology Department Faculty of Science Hassiba Ben Bouali University Chlef Algeria

T Measurements of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) show significant soil properties, in particular its ability to retain the cations because of their mobility in the soil. Thirteen soil samples rich in electrolytes of the Cheliff plain (Algeria) were analyzed in order to measure their CEC and to draw up the existing relationship between texture, organic matter content and pH. In calcareous soils, the CECe values are always higher than those measured at pH 7. Regression equations using the percentages of organic carbon and clay as independent variables would make it possible to estimate 90% of the variability of the CEC measured in the ammonium acetate buffered at pH 7 and 89% of the variability for that measured at the pH of the soil. These percentages are particularly useful due to the fact that they make it possible to estimate the CEC of the soil according to the pH only starting from the organic matter and texture. The correlations between the salinity indices, the parameters of the saline phase and the physical properties, show that the cobalt-hexamine method makes it possible to characterize the soil of this plain with more precision than the Metson method. It constitutes a means for following-up the chemical quality of the soil. The Metson method makes it possible to approach the reactivity of the soil in relation with the geometry of the components. The measurement of the CEC at pH 7 makes it possible to envisage the water content at the permanent wilting point of the plants. Finally, it is noticed that a sodisation of the adsorbing compound, which consequently generates a reduction in the structural stability and a reduction in the infiltration always leads to the salinity in these soil types.

关键词： CECMetson CECe Salinity Index Salinity sodicity Physical Properties

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