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Open Journal of Statistics 2024年第1期14卷 55-89页

作者： Esita Ghosh Department of Agriculture Economics and Social Science Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College Jhenidah Bangladesh

This study delves into the multifaceted impact of price hikes on the standard of living in Bangladesh, with a specific focus on distinct socioeconomic segments. Amidst Bangladesh’s economic growth, the challenges of rising inflation and increased living costs have become pressing concerns. Employing a mixed-methods approach combines quantitative data from a structured survey with qualitative insights from in-depth interviews and focused group discussions to analyze the repercussions of price hikes. Stratified random sampling ensures representation across affluent, middle-class, and economically disadvantaged groups. Utilizing data [1] from 2020 to November 2023 on the yearly change in retail prices of essential commodities, analysis reveals significant demographic shifts, occupational changes, and altered asset ownership patterns among households. The vulnerable population, including daily wage laborers and low-income individuals, is disproportionately affected by adjustments in consumption, income generation, and living arrangements. Statistical analyses, including One-Way ANOVA and Paired Sample t-tests, illuminate significant mean differences in strategies employed during price hikes. Despite challenges, the prioritization of education remains evident, emphasizing its resilience in the face of economic hardships. The result shows that price hikes, especially in essential items, lead to substantial adjustments in living costs, with items like onions, garlic, and ginger experiencing significant increases of 275%, 108%, and 483%, respectively.

关键词： Price Hike Economic Growth socioeconomic Development Households

Projection of droughts and their socioeconomic exposures based on terrestrial water storage anomaly over China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第9期65卷 1772-1787页

作者： Jiabo YIN Shenglian GUO Yan YANG Jie CHEN Lei GU Jun WANG Shaokun HE Boyang WU Jinghua XIONG State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Science and Geospatial Information Technology of MNR Chinese Academy of Surveying and MappingBeijing 100830China School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Geo Civil and Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of MunichMunich 80333Germany

Global warming has altered the thermodynamic and dynamic environments of the climate system, thus affecting the energy budget and water cycle process of the land-atmosphere system. Under changes in key hydrological elements such as precipitation, runoff, and terrestrial water storage, future drought variation remains a complex question. Existing studies have utilized terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA) in drought monitoring and assessment, but they usually focused on either drought duration or intensity, overlooking the multi-faced attributes of droughts as well as their socioeconomic impacts under a non-stationary condition. In this study, we first identify dry/wet conditions over China using GRACE/GRACE-FO satellite observations, and then evaluate the feedback effects of humidity and energy factors(e.g., sensible heat flux, latent heat flux,atmospheric relative humidity, and convective available potential energy) to drought events. Future changes in TWSA and dry/wet conditions are projected by eight Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6) global climate models(GCMs)under three shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs), with their biases corrected by a trend-preserving quantile mapping method.The time-varying Copula function of drought duration and intensity is constructed by a moving windows method, and future bivariate drought risks are quantified with the most likely realization method. The population and GDP affected by increasing drought risks are finally quantified based on the SSPs data. It is found that the land-atmosphere coupling effects closely interact with drought evolution, and the uneven distribution of water resources is projected to be further aggravated, with most areas of China will be threatened by continuous drying tendency. By the end of the century, the duration of moderate, severe and exceptional droughts in some regions of China will double, and the drought intensity will increase by over 80%. For the 50-year bivariate droughts during the historical period, their occurrence m

关键词： Climate change Terrestrial water storage Drought Gravity satellite socioeconomic

Parenting preschoolers with autism: socioeconomic influences on wellbeing and sense of competence

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2019年第2期9卷 30-46页

作者： Nisha E Mathew Karen L O Burton Anne Schierbeek Rudi ?rn?ec Amelia Walter Valsamma Eapen School of Psychiatry University of New South Wales Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry South West Sydney and Ingham Institute South West Sydney Local Health District Liverpool Hospital ICAMHSMental Health Centre (Level L1)

BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that parents raising a child with autism experience higher levels of psychological distress than parents of typically developing children and parents of children with other developmental disorders. Little is known, however, about the intersection between the effects of socioeconomic status(SES) on the wellbeing and sense of parental competency of parents of preschoolers with autism and how it relates to child symptom severity.AIM To examine the relationship between their child's symptom severity, SES, as measured by neighbourhood advantage and occupational status, on the psychological wellbeing and perceived parenting competence among parents of preschoolers with autism.METHODS Parents of 117 preschool-aged children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder(ASD), 107 mothers and 54 fathers, completed questionnaires about their child's symptoms of ASD and functioning, their own perceptions of their wellbeing and parental competence on entry to an early intervention program in Sydney, Australia. Parents also provided demographic information pertaining to their occupation, level of education attained and address(postcode). All children were also assessed for their severity of symptoms using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. The Australian socioeconomic Index of occupationalstatus as a measure of familial SES and the Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage as a measure of neighbourhood advantage were used to examine the impact of SES on parental sense of competence and wellbeing.RESULTS Compared to normative populations, both mothers and fathers in our sample reported significantly higher levels of parenting sense of efficacy but lower levels of interest in the parenting role. Mothers also displayed higher levels of satisfaction. Both mothers and fathers displayed higher levels of depression than normative populations with mothers also reporting greater levels of stress and anxiety. Child symptom severity was associated with maternal parenting com

关键词： Wellbeing Parenting competency Autism Autism spectrum disorder Parent Mother Father socioeconomic status

Impact of the socioeconomic status on the severity and outcome of community-acquired pneumonia among Egyptian children: a cohort study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 128-134页

作者： Seham Fathy Abdel Hameed Azab Laila M Sherief Safaa H Saleh Wafaa F Elsaeed Mona A Elshafie Sanaa M Abdelsalam Faculty of Medicine Zagazig UniversityEgypt18 Omar Bin Elkhattab StAl QawmiaZagazig CityAl Sharqia GovernorateEgypt

Background:Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)is one of the five leading causes of death among children in developing countries,accounting for approximately three million deaths per year.Identification of the modifiable risk factors of CAP may help to reduce the burden of this disease.In this study,the impact of the socioeconomic status(SES)on the severity and outcome of CAP among Egyptian children was studied.Methods:This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study which included 1,470 children diagnosed with CAP,aged two to 15 years(median age 5.4 years).The diagnosis of CAP was based on clinical and radiological findings.A structured questionnaire and the patients’medical records were used for the data collection.The subjects were divided into two groups:mild and severe CAP.Social and demographic variables were compared,and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.Results:The multivariate analysis showed that a low maternal education level(OR:3.8;95%CI:2.12-6.70;P=.0001),unavailability of adequate medical care(OR:3.1;95%CI:1.99-4.88;P=.0001),a low family income(OR:2.2;95%CI:0.99-4.78;P=.047),and parents’smoking habits(OR:2.0;95%CI:1.15-3.55;P=.014)were significant independent predictive risk factors for severe CAP among Egyptian children.Conclusion:Public health measures against these socio-demographic risk factors should be identified as priorities in order to help reduce the disease burden of deaths from severe CAP among Egyptian children.

关键词： socioeconomic Community acquired pneumonia Children

The association between socioeconomic status and visual disability among older adults in China

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第1期12卷 106-113页

作者： Wan-Wei Dai Jia-Min Gao Ping He Zheng Ma Xiao-Xiao Tian Xiao-Ying Zheng Institute of Population Research APEC Health Science Academy (HeSAY)Peking University The Third Hospital Peking University Guanghua School of Management Institute of Strategic ResearchPeking University Institute of Population Research APEC Health Science Academy (HeSAY)Peking University China Center for Health Development Studies Peking University

AIM: To investigate the association between socioeconomic status(SES) and visual disability(VD) among older Chinese adults. METHODS: We obtained data from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability, conducted in China in 2006. A total number of 192 375 older adults(aged≥65 y) were screened for suspected VD via interviews with trained examiners. Those who screened positively for VD were referred to ophthalmologists to obtain a final diagnosis. RESULTS: VD was prevalent among 7.29% of Chinese adults aged 65 and older, and was higher in rural areas(8.71%) than in urban areas(4.82%). After adjusting for SES indicators and covariates, we found that lesseducated older adults were more likely to suffer from VD, with an odds ratio(OR) of 2.50(95%CI: 2.26-2.82) for illiterates, compared with those who graduated from senior high school or above. Older adults who were in the lowest income quintile were more at risk of VD, with an OR of 1.81(95%CI: 1.68-2.95), compared with adults in the highest income quintile. In urban areas, when compared with adults who graduated from senior high school or above, those who did not continue their education after junior high school, primary school, or those who were illiterate, were more likely to suffer from VD, with an OR of 1.35(95%CI: 1.51-1.59), 1.84(95%CI: 1.60-2.12), and 2.63(95%CI: 2.27-3.04), respectively. Lower levels of income were statistically significant when associated with VD. In rural areas, adults who were illiterate had an OR of 2.21(95%CI:1.75-2.79) when compared to adults with senior high school or above education level. Per capita, household income remained significantly associated with VD. Older adults who were ≥85, female, single, and residing in rural areas were associated with higher risks of VD. CONCLUSION: Individual-level SES among the elderly, in the form of education and income, is associated with VD among elderly Chinese adults in both urban and rural areas; however, the association is stronger in rural areas. Further studies are still required to expl

关键词： visual disability prevalence socioeconomic status older adults risk factors

lmmunotherapy utilization for hepatobiliary cancer in the United States: disparities among patients with different socioeconomic status

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第1期9卷 13-24,中插2页

作者： Kota Sahara S.Ayesha Farooq Diamantis I.Tsilimigras Katiuscha Merath Anghela Z.Paredes Lu Wu Rittal Mehta J.Madison Hyer Itaru Endo Timothy M.Pawlik Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOHUSA Gastroenterological Surgery Division Yokohama City University School of MedicineYokohamaJapan

Background: Patients with advanced hepatobiliary cancer (HBC) have a dismal prognosis and limited treatment options. Immunotherapy has been considered as a promising treatment, especially for cancers not amenable to surgery. Methods: Between 2004, and 2015, patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer (GBC) were identified in the National Cancer Database. Results: Among 249,913 patients with HBC, only 585 (0.2%) patients received immunotherapy. Among patients who received immunotherapy, most patients were diagnosed between 2012 and 2015, had private insurance, as well as an income ≥$46,000 and were treated at an academic facility. The use of immunotherapy among HBC patients varied by diagnosis (HCC, 67.7%;bile duct cancer, 14%). On multivariable analysis, a more recent period of diagnosis (OR 1.80, 95% CI: 1.44-2.25), median income >$46,000 (OR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.11-1.87), and higher tumor stage (stage III, OR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.65-3.01;stage IV, OR 3.24, 95% CI:2.41-4.34) were associated with greater odds of receiving immunotherapy. Conclusions: Overall utilization of immunotherapy in the US among patients with HBC was very low, yet has increased over time. Certain socioeconomic factors were associated with an increased likely of receiving immunotherapy, suggesting disparities in access of patients with lower socioeconomic status.

关键词： Immunotherapy hepatobiliary cancer (HBC) trends socioeconomic status

Evaluating and predicting social behavior of arsenic affected communities:Towards developing arsenic resilient society

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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 1-8页

作者： Sushant K.Singh Robert W.Taylor Venkatamallu Thadaboina Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Montclair State University1 Normal AveMontclairNJUnited States The Center for Artificial Intelligence and Environmental Sustainability(CAIES)Foundation PatnaBiharIndia National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj(NIRDPR) RajendranagarHyderabadTelanganaIndia

This study uses six machine learning(ML)algorithms to evaluate and predict individuals'social resilience towards arsenicosis-affected people in an arsenic-risk society of rural India.Over 50%of the surveyed communities were found to be resilient towards arsenicosis patients.Logistic regression with inbuilt cross-validation(LRCV)model scored the highest accuracy(76%),followed by Gaussian distributionbased naïve Bayes(GNB)model(74%),C-Support Vector(SVC)(74%),K-neighbors(Kn)(73%),Random Forest(RF)(72%),and Decision Tree(DT)(67%).The LRCV also scored the highest kappa value of 0.52,followed by GNB(0.48),SVC(0.48),Kn(0.46),RF(0.42),and DT(0.31).Caste,education,occupation,housing status,sanitation behaviors,trust in others,non-profit and private organizations,social capital,and awareness played a key role in shaping social resilience towards arsenicosis patients.The authors opine that LRCV and GNB could be promising methods to develop models on similar data generated from a risk society.

关键词： Arsenic Resilience Society socioeconomic Psychological Logistic regression India

How Does COVID-19 Affect Demographic,Administrative,and Social Economic Domain?Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Economy

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2022年第5期24卷 635-648页

作者： Safwan Qadri Shixiang Chen Syed Usman Qadri School of Political Science and Public Administration Local Government Public Service Innovation Research CenterWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Department of Management Science Time InstituteMultan60650Pakistan

Worldwide,the COVID-19 pandemic has had a signiﬁcant impact on social and economic conditions as well as mental and physical health.Pakistan is considered in high ranks on Uncertainty Avoidance Index(UAI).The peo-ple of Pakistan have already faced numerous obstacles in terms of food and housing prospects.Job security,inﬂated prices of food items,andﬁnancial distress are the foremost vital challenges of Pakistan’s people during the Pandemic.This study examines the people’s perception of social,economic,and psychological impact and explores the causes and trends of spreading the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan.A primary survey method was conducted to collect the data from all Punjab divisions via questionnaire,and 471 respondents wereﬁnally selected for data analysis.The data collection instrument was a questionnaire,and the data analysis tool was SPSS.Investors,analysts,business professionals,economists,business faculty staff,and civil society are the study’s popu-lations.Theﬁndings show that the overall social and economic life has been affected(82%of respondents agree)by the COVID-19 pandemic.60.5%of respondents manage their spending through salary(mean value=4.45),while 45%use savings(mean value=4.25).Moreover,Government support(mean value=3.95)plays a vital role in managing expenditure in this COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan.Consequently,this study conﬁrms that the lock-down implementation measure(mean value=2.20)is not considered useful in reducing COVID-19 due to Pakistan’sﬁnancial and economic uncertainty.This study concluded the social distance and testing measures are vital tools in reducing the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan.However,the study established that micro-smart lockdown,increased COVID-19 testing kits,and adequate medical equipment in the Hospital of Pakistan are the key mechanism to control the pandemic.Consequently,this study recommends that thorough long-term plan-ning be undertaken to mitigate the pandemic’s worst effects and develop a comprehensive strategy with society as the primary focus.

关键词： COVID-19 health socioeconomic socio-demographic uncertainty avoidance index micro-smart lockdown

Interconnections between governance and socioeconomic conditions:Understanding the challenges in sub-Saharan Africa

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Regional Sustainability 2021年第4期2卷 337-348页

作者： Fisayo FAGBEMI Geraldine Ejiaka NZERIBE Tolulope Temilola OSINUBI Simplice ASONGU The European Xtramile Centre of African Studies(EXCAS) Liège4031Belgium Department of Economics Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAkwa420218Nigeria Department of Economics Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife220282Nigeria

Given that challenges on the issue of socioeconomic development faced by countries in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)have been identified as critical to strengthening the inherent link between governance and socioeconomic conditions,this study examines the interconnections between governance and socioeconomic conditions in SSA.With a focus on 25 countries in SSA between 2005 and 2019,we conduct the analysis based on the Panel-Corrected Standard Error and System Generalized Method of Moments estimations and panel causality tests.The results show that SSA does not seem to have the means of effective governance to spur improved socioeconomic conditions.Moreover,the pervasiveness of institutional problems in many countries of SSA has been responsible for the poor socioeconomic conditions in the region.Likewise,governance quality and socioeconomic conditions are found to influence each other.An improvement in socioeconomic conditions could result in better governance quality.On the other hand,governance quality is viewed as a vital ingredient in achieving needed socioeconomic development outcomes.Thus,it is suggested that there is a need for countries in SSA to streamline governing systems toward engendering improved well-being.The introduction and implementation of transformative policies through effective governance are also necessary for ensuring critical structural changes and increasing social service provision.Overall,there should be a proactive identification of ineffective policies and procedures by policymakers to enhance meaningful impacts in the region.

关键词： Governance quality socioeconomic conditions Economic development System Generalized Method of Moments Sub-Saharan Africa

socioeconomic Characteristics of the Community and Importance of Camel and other Livestock Species in Tahitay-Adiyabo District, Tigray Region in the Northern Periphery of Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2019年第2期9卷 217-233页

作者： Yosef Tadesse School of Animal and Range Sciences Haramaya University Haramaya Ethiopia

The study was undertaken in the northern periphery of the country, Tigray region, north-west Tigray zone, Tahitay Adiyabo district from February to March, 2017. For this study, four Kebeles were selected purposively based on the presence of two major community groups (Tigrayans and Kunama) and presence of camel species and other livestock species. Seventy-two (72) households per district, of which 38 households from two kebeles for Kunama community and 34 households from two kebeles for Tigrayan community groups were selected randomly. A software package of SAS (2008) was employed to generate descriptive statistics for qualitative and quantitative data. As the study revealed, three-fifth and two-fifth of the respondents in the study area were illiterate and attended primary education respectively. The two community groups were significantly (P 0.05) different on educational status and Tigriyans respondents were more educated than the other counterpart. More than 2/3 children (7 - 17 years of age) of the respondents in the study area were attended school. Exceptionally, more than 75% of the children for Tigriyan community group in the district were attended school whereas 3/5th of Kunama community children were attended school education. Average family size per household in the study area was 6.22 ± 0.45 and significant (P 0.05) difference was observed in the two community groups which was higher in Tigriyan community (7.23). Livestock husbandry practices (breeding objectives, herding, milking and marketing) were decided entirely by husband or both and the decision by wife alone was reported to be non-existent in the study area. From all respondents of Kunama community, more than a quarter of them produce household income majorly from their livestock and secondarily from crop. Livelihood diversification (off-farm activities) was almost non-existent in the study area. The study shows that majority of the respondents own ruminant animals and camel. Surprisingly, in the current study, all of the respondents own camel

关键词： Camel Livestock Species socioeconomic Profile Source of Household Income