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sociodemographic characteristics, cultural biases, and environmental attitudes: An empirical application of grid-group cultural theory in Northwestern China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2018年第5期10卷 436-446页

作者： FangLei Zhong AiJun Guo XiaoJuan Yin JinFeng Cui Xiao Yang YanQiong Zhang Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Economics Lanzhou University Institute For Public Policy Gansu Academy of Social Sciences School of Foreign Languages Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics

Natural resource-management studies have become increasingly attentive to the influences of human factors. Among these,cultural biases shape people's responses to changes in natural resource systems. Several studies have applied grid-group cultural theory to assess the effects of multiple value biases among stakeholders on natural resource management. We developed and administered a questionnaire in the Heihe River Basin(n = 364) in northwestern China to investigate the appropriateness of applying this theory in the Chinese context of natural resource management. The results revealed various cultural biases among the respondents. In descending order of prevalence, these biases were hierarchism(46.98%), individualism(26.65%), egalitarianism(18.96%), and fatalism(2.78%), with the remaining respondents(4.67%) evidencing no obvious bias. Our empirical study revealed respondents' worldviews and the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on cultural biases, as theoretically posited. Among the variables examined, age had a positive and significant effect across all biases except individualism. The correlation of income to all cultural biases was consistently negative. Only education had a negative and significant effect across all biases. Women were found to adhere to egalitarianism, whereas men adhered to individualism and hierarchism. Thus, grid-group cultural theory was found to be appropriate in the Chinese context, with gender, age, education, and income evidently accounting for cultural biases. Relationships between environmental attitudes and cultural biases conformed with the hypothesis advanced by grid-group cultural theory. This finding may be of value in explaining individuals' environmental attitudes and facilitating the development and implementation of natural resource-management policies.

关键词： sociodemographic characteristics environmental attitudes cultural biases grid-group cultural theory rural residents Northwestern China

sociodemographic Factors of Alcohol Consumption in a Population of Hospitalized Patients in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第3期7卷 96-104页

作者： Zanga Damien Ouattara Mali Koura Abdel Karim Serme Kounpilélimé Sosthène Somda Aboubacar Coulibaly Steve Léonce Zoungrana Appolinaire Sawadogo Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit CHU Ouahigouya UFR/SDS CUP Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit CHU-SS Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit CHU-YO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The prevalence of excessive alcohol consumption is high in our context. The fight against this scourge requires accurate identification of sociodemographic factors for a better communication strategy. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic factors associated with alcohol consumption in a population of hospitalized patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during two months in 14 hospital departments of the University Hospital CHU-Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHUYO) in Ouagadougou, by interview and document review. All patients hospitalized for less than a year, aged 18 at least and consenting were included. Excessive alcohol consumption was defined as consumption ≥210 g/week in men and 140 g/week in women according to WHO, a score ≥8 in men and in women ≥7 by AUDIT Questionnaire, a score ≥2 according to the DETA questionnaire. Socio-demographic factors as age, sex, religion, educational level, marital status, occupation and salary status were filled for all patients. Results: A total of 391 patients were included. The average age was 44 ± 16.26 years and the sex ratio of 1.34. Among them, 135 (34.53%) were consumers of alcohol. The prevalence of excessive consumption ranged from 7.92% to 10.49%. A statistically significant relationship was found between alcohol consumption and sex (p 0.03), religion (p 0.01) and education level (p 0.01). On the contrary, no significant relationship was found between alcohol consumption, age, marital status and occupation. The salary status “employee” appears to promote the consumption of alcohol by some tools. Conclusion: The excessive consumption of alcohol is common in our population especially by educated men of non-Muslim religion. This hypothesis should be corroborated in a study within the general population to better set control strategies against this scourge.

关键词： Alcohol sociodemographic Factors

The Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Its sociodemographic Determinants amongst Nursing Mothers at a Tertiary Health Care Institution in South East, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2017年第4期7卷 63-73页

作者： Henry N. Chineke Anthony C. Iwu Kevin C. Diwe Chukwuma B. Duru Kenechi A. Uwakwe Eyitayo E. Emmanuel Uche R. Oluoha Ugochukwu C. Madubueze Emmanuel U. Ndukwu Ikechi Ohale Department of Family Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of Community Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of Community Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Epidemiology and Community Health Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Community Medicine Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: Breastfeeding is a natural and critical act that provides nutrients and energy for the infant and young child;and through a public health intervention such as exclusive breastfeeding, it improves the survival rates of the infant. Objective: To determine the breastfeeding practices and the sociodemographic determinants of exclusive breastfeeding amongst nursing mothers present at the Imo state university teaching hospital Orlu. Methods: A cross sectional analytical study design was used that included all nursing mothers present within a 4 week study period. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were done with frequencies and summary statistics. Chi square statistics were computed to determine significant associations and binary logistic regression was used to determine sociodemographic predictors of exclusive breastfeeding practice. P value was set at 0.05 significant level. Results: While most of the respondents were aware of exclusive breastfeeding (92.5%), only 24% of the respondents were practicing exclusive breastfeeding. Work and school activities, and the feeling that breast milk was insufficient for the needs of the baby were the reasons for not practicing exclusive breastfeeding for a majority of the respondents (56.6%). Furthermore, 61% of those that were practicing non-exclusive breast feeding gave a cereal or infant formula in addition to the breast milk for 3 to 6 months. It was further revealed that there were statistically significant relationships between breastfeeding practice and maternal age (p = 0.003), level of maternal education (p = 0.005) and maternal occupation (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Understanding and taking into cognizance the sociodemographic characteristics will enable the design, and adequate delivery of appropriate and effective strategies that improve exclusive breastfeeding practice.

关键词： Exclusive Breastfeeding sociodemographic Determinants Nigeria

Factors Associated with Fear of Progression in Chinese Cancer Patients:sociodemographic,Clinical and Psychological Variables

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Factors Associated with Fear of Progression in Chinese Cance...

Depression in Prison Population:Demographic and Clinical Predictors

中国睡眠研究会第十届全国学术年会

作者： Yuan Yang Hengwen Sun Ting Liu Jingying Zhang Bin Zhang Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital Guangdong General Hospital Cancer CentreDepartment of Radiotherapy

Background: An increasing number of patients diagnosed with cancer have become long-term survivors.However,they may continue to experience negative effects of the disease or treatment,including fear of cancer progression（Fo P）.The aim of this study was to investigate the sociodemographic,clinical,and psychological variables related to FoP in Chinese cancer patients.Methods: In this cross-sectional study,six hundred and thirty-six cancer patients were recruited.All participants were asked to complete a personal information sheet,the Chinese version of Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form（FoP-Q-SF）,Patient Health Questionnaire（PHQ-9） and General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire（GAD-7）.Descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to analyze the data.Results: Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that childhood severe illness experience（P=0.014）,life stress（P＜0.001）,anxiety（P＜0.001）,depressive symptom（P＜0.001） and passive personality（P=0.002） were independently predictive of higher FoP.The final regression model explained up to 40.0%（adjusted R square: 38.9%） of the observed variance.Conclusion: There are a number of factors that increase the likelihood of the development of FoP.The findings underline the necessity to provide effective psychological intervention for clinical levels of FoP in the future.

关键词： China Clinical Factor Fear of Progression Psychological sociodemographic

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2017年第3期3卷 122-127页

作者： Oluyinka Emmanuel Majekodunmi Adetunji Obadeji Lateef Olutoyin Oluwole Raifu Olawoye Oyelami Department of Clinical Services Neuropychiatric Hospital Community Psychiatric Service AbeokutaOgun State Department of Psychiatry Ekiti State University Teaching HospitalAdo‑EkitiEkiti StateNigeria

Studies have shown that mental illnesses are more common among the prison population than the general population.However,most studies in this environment had only looked at nonspecific psychiatric morbidities.The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of major depressive disorder,its associated sociodemographic and clinical variables in a population of inmates in Nigeria.Institution‑based cross‑sectional study was conducted among 196 prisoners consisting of 136 awaiting trials(AT)and 60 convicted inmates(CI).Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants.Data were collected using a structured interviewer‑administered questionnaire.Depression was assessed with the depression module of the Structured Clinical Interview Schedule for Axis 1 Diagnostic Statistical Manual‑IV(DSM‑IV)Disorders.The diagnosis was made according to the DSM‑IV criteria and severity assessed with the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale(MADRS).Forty‑one(30.1%)of AT compared with 21(35.0%)of the CI were depressed.The mean total MADRS score for AT was 23.90 standard deviation(SD)±7.97 while the mean total MADRS score for the convicted was 25.50 SD±8.70,P=0.479.Unlike the general population,there were no sociodemographic predictors of depression.Among the ATs,depression was associated with the presence of physical complaints,having a chronic illness and family history of psychiatric illness among the CI.The prevalence of depression among prisoners was found to be high and associated with clinical variables.Due attention needs to be given to address the mental health needs of the prisoners.

关键词： Clinical depression inmates Nigeria Prisoners sociodemographic

Risk factors and natural history of breast cancer in younger Chinese women

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第5期5卷 1097-1106页

作者： Winnie Yeo Hang-Mei Lee Amy Chan Emily YY Chan Miranda CM Chan Keeng-Wai Chan Sharon WW Chan Foon-Yiu Cheung Polly SY Cheung Peter HK Choi Josette SY Chor William WL Foo Wing-Hong Kwan Stephen CK Law Lawrence PK Li Janice WH Tsang Yuk Tung Lorna LS Wong Ting-Ting Wong Chun-Chung Yau Tsz-Kok Yau Benny CY Zee Department of Clinical Oncology Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Surgery Kwong Wah Hospital Diagnostix Pathology Laboratories Ltd Canossa Hospital Kowloon East Cluster Breast Centre Department of Surgery United Christian Hospital Department of Clinical Oncology Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Private Clinical Oncologist Radiotherapy and Oncology Centre Hong Kong Baptist Hospital Comprehensive Oncology Centre Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital Hong Kong Adventist Oncology Center Hong Kong Adventist Hospital Department of Clinical Oncology University of Hong Kong Department of Clinical Oncology Tuen Mun Hospital Private Surgeon Department of Clinical Oncology Princess Margaret Hospital

AIM: To investigate the age differences in the risk factors, clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of treatment of female breast cancer patients. METHODS: Seven thousand one hundred and fiftytwo women with primary breast cancer from the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry were recruited after receiving patients' consent, they were asked to complete standardized questionnaires which captured their sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors associated with breast cancer development. Among them, clinicopathological data and patterns of treatment were further collected from medical records of 5523 patients with invasive breast cancers. Patients were divided into two groups according to the age at diagnosis: younger(sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to risk factors were performed on 7152 women with primary breast cancer and the results revealed that younger patients were more likely to have unhealthy lifestyles; these include a lack of exercise(85.4% vs 73.2%, P < 0.001), having high stress in life(46.1% vs 35.5%, P < 0.001), having dairy/meat-rich diets(20.2% vs 12.9%, P < 0.001),having alcohol drinking habit(7.7% vs 5.2%, P = 0.002). Younger patients were also more likely to have hormone-related risk factors including nulliparity(43.3% vs 17.8%, P < 0.001) and an early age at menarche(20.7% vs 13.2%, P < 0.001). Analyses on clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of treatment were performed on 5523 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. The invasive tumours in younger patients showed more aggressive pathological features such as having a higher percentage of grade 3 histology(45.7% vs 36.5%, P < 0.001), having a higher proportion of tumours with lymphovascular invasion(39.6% vs 33.2%, P = 0.003), and having multifocal disease(15.7% vs 10.3%, P < 0.001); they received different patterns of treatment than their older counterparts.CONCLUSION: Younger patients in Hong Kong are more

关键词： Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry Breast cancer Younger Chinese women sociodemographic characteristics Risk factors Clinicopathological characteristics Breast cancer treatment

Cannabis Use among People with Mental Illness: Clinical and Socio-Demographic Characteristics

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2018年第3期8卷 244-252页

作者： Sumia A. Al Azizi Abdelaziz A. Omer Amir A. Mufaddel Sudan Medical Specialization Board Khartoum Sudan Department of Psychiatry University of Khartoum Sudan Department of Psychiatry Mediclinic Al Jawhara Hospital Al Ain United Arab Emirates

Background: Cannabis can be associated with short-term and long-term adverse effects such as psychotic states, risk of dependence, provoking relapse and aggravating existing psychotic symptoms. Aim: The current study is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study that aims to identify the prevalence and correlates of cannabis use among patients with mental illness. Methods: The study was conducted in two outpatient psychiatry clinics in Khartoum (Sudan). The sample size was 348 consecutive patients over 2 months’ study period. Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were documented. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the data variables, and tabulated tables were used to calculate chi-square test for categorical data and the significance was set at p Results: A total of 96 participants (27.6%) had history of cannabis abuse;all of them were male patients. The majority (51%) started to use cannabis between 10 - 19 years of age, and most of them (86.6%) had a duration of less than five years of using cannabis. Psychiatric symptoms occurred after starting cannabis use in 17.7% of cases. We found a statistically significant difference related to age when comparing the age of cannabis users and non-users (p = 0.0239). The majority of patients with comorbid mental illness and cannabis abuse (89.5%) were below the age of 40 years. There was also statistically significant association between educational level achieved and history of using cannabis (p = 0.00001). Those with history of cannabis are more likely to be manual laborers (46.9%), and those with no history of cannabis were mostly unemployed (44%), indicating significant influence of employment history (p = 0.0064). The relation between using cannabis and the clinical psychiatric diagnosis was not statically significant (p = 0.125). Conclusion: Cannabis use is highly prevalent among people with mental illness. It is related to age, educational level and type of work.

关键词： Cannabis sociodemographic Psychiatric Disorders Schizophrenia Mood Disorders

Self-evaluated health of married people in Jamaica

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Health 2009年第4期1卷 332-341页

作者： Paul A. Bourne 不详

Background: In the Caribbean in particular Ja-maica, no study has been done to examine married respondents in order to understand reasons for their greater health status. The ob-jectives of the current study are: 1) examine the sociodemographic characteristics of married people in Jamaica;2) evaluate self-rated health status of married people in Jamaica;3) deter-mine factors that account for good health status of married people and 4) provide public health practitioners with empirical studies that can be used to formulate policies for men in particular non-married men in Jamaica. Materials and me- thods: Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 6,783 respondents. It was a nationally representative sample. Logistic re-gression analysis was used to ascertain the correlates of health status. Results: The mean age for women in marriage in Jamaica was 6 years lower than that of men. The correlates of good health status (including moderate health) of respondents in descending order were self- reported illness (OR = 0.12, 95%CI = 0.01- 0.17);age (OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.93-0.96);income (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.05-1.66) and sex of respon-dents (Or = 1.14-2.32)—χ2(df = 4) = 383.2, P < 0.05. The four variables accounted for 44.4% of the explanatory power of the model;with self-reported illness accounting for 32.5% of the explanatory power. Conclusion: Marriage pro-vides greater access to more socioeconomic resources for its participants as well as increase men’s unwillingness to visit medical care prac-titioners.

关键词： Marriage Sexes Health Status sociodemographic Correlates Jamaica

Stillbirth at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第8期8卷 756-765页

作者： Owoicho Daniel Okochi Anthony Dennis Isah Teddy Eyaofun Agida Nathaniel Adewole Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Abuja Nigeria

Background: Despite improvements in antenatal and intrapartum care, stillbirth still remains an important, largely understudied and pregnant problem in obstetrics. Most of the stillbirths occur in the developing world and the majority of stillbirths are preventable. Objective: To determine the stillbirth rate, the identifiable risk factors and sociodemographic factors associated with stillbirths. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of all deliveries conducted at UATH over a five-year period spanning from the January 2012 to December 2016. In this study, stillbirths were considered as foetal death at or after 28 weeks of gestation or a birth weight of 1000 g or more. The folders of cases that met the definition of stillbirth within the study period were retrieved and analyzed for sociodemographic factors, type of stillbirth, fetomaternal determinants of stillbirths and presumptive/identifiable risk factors for the stillbirth. Results: There were a total of 5714 deliveries within the period under review, of which 288 resulted in stillbirths giving an institutional stillbirth rate of 50.4/1000 deliveries. Out of the 288 stillbirths, 136 (47.2%) were fresh stillbirths while 152 (52.8%) were macerated. Macerated stillbirth (152, 52.8%) was slightly predominant, with obstructed labour 94 (32.6%) being responsible for most of the stillbirths. Most of the stillbirths were preterm (183, 63.5%). There were 6 congenitally malformed stillbirth foetuses and no autopsy was carried out on any of the 288 stillborn. However, majority of the parturients who had stillbirth were unemployed (137, 47.6%) and uneducated (110, 38.2%). Conclusion: The stillbirth rate within the study period appears. Complications of labour seem to be the leading risk factor for stillbirth in this study. Low socioeconomic status underscores the need to reduce factors related to social, educational, occupational and healthy inequalities in the developing world.

关键词： Stillbirth Rate Risk Factors sociodemographic Factors