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socio-economic and Psychosocial Determinants of Smoking and Passive Smoking in Older Adults

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第6期26卷 453-467页

作者： ZHANG Dong Mei HU Zhi ORTON Sophie WANG Jia Ji ZHENG Jian Zhong QIN Xia CHEN Ruo Ling School of Health Administration Anhui Medical University Centre for Health and Social Care Improvement School of Health and WellbeingUniversity of Wolverhampton Division of Primary Care University of Nottingham School of Public Health and General Practice Guangzhou Medical University Department of Health Administration and Service Shanxi Medical University Division of Health and Social Care Research King's College London

Objective To determine the associations of socio-economic and psychosocial factors with active and passive smoking in older adults. Methods Using a standard interview method, we examined random samples of 6071 people aged 〉 60 years in 5 provinces of China during 2007-2009. Results World age-standardised prevalence for current and former smoking in men was 45.6% and 20.5%, and in women 11.1% and 4.5%. Current smoking reduced with older age but increased with men, low socioeconomic status （SES）, alcohol drinking, being never-married, pessimistic and depressive syndromes. Former smoking was associated with men, secondary school education, a middle-high income, being a businessman, being widowed, less frequencies of visiting children/relatives and friends, and worrying about children. Among 3774 never-smokers, the prevalence of passive smoking was 31.5%, and the risk increased with women, low SES, alcohol drinking, being married, having a religious believe, and daily visiting children/relatives. There were sex differences in the associations, and an interaction effect of education and income on smoking and passive smoking. Conclusion Older Chinese had a higher level of smoking and passive smoking than those in high income countries, reflecting China＇s failures in controlling smoking. The associations with low SES and different psychosocial aspects and sex differences suggest preventative strategies for active and passive smoking.

关键词： Smoking Second-hand smoke socio-economic Psychosocial Older adults

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socio-economic determinants for malaria transmission risk in an endemic primary health centre in Assam, India

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 174-181页

作者： Kavita Yadav Sunil Dhiman Bipul Rabha PK Saikia Vijay Veer Defence Research Laboratory TezpurAssam 784001India Department of Zoology Gauhati UniversityGuwahatiIndia

Background:Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Northeast *** there is limited information available on the potential influence of socio-economic variables on malaria risk,the present study was conducted to assess the influence of demographic factors,the socio-economic status,and knowledge,awareness and education on malaria ***:Demographics,malaria knowledge and socio-economic variables were collected in four randomly selected health sub-centres of the Orang primary health centre in the Udalguri district,Assam and the association of malaria occurrence with different variables were *** trend of malaria occurrence for different income groups,proximity to health centres and number of mosquito bites per day was also determined using the chi-square *** risk(RR)for gender,house type,knowledge and use of bed nets was determined using Katz ***:Out of the 71 household heads interviewed,70.4%(50/71)were *** half(54.9%,39/71)of the participants had a history of malaria in the last two years,of which 64.1%(25/39)were males,while 35.9%(14/39)were females(χ^(2)=5.13;p=0.02;RR=1.79).Of the total population surveyed,49.3%lived in bamboo houses and 35.2%lived at a distance of>3 km from the nearest health *** number of participants who had a history of malaria decreased with an increasing monthly income(p<0.0001).Malaria occurrence was higher among the households living in bamboo houses(69.2%),as compared to Kucha houses(20.5%)and Pucca houses(10.3%).No significant association was observed between education level and malaria occurrence(p=0.93).The participants who did not use bed nets regularly reported a high occurrence of malaria infection as compared to those who used bed nets everyday(p<0.0001).Conclusions:Lower income,house type,distance to health sub-centre,knowledge and awareness about malaria,number of mosquito bites per day and use of bed nets were positively associated with malaria occ

关键词： Malaria risk factors socio-economic Awareness Udalguri Assam

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socio-economic determinants of underweight children in West Bengal,India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第4期3卷 322-327页

作者： Bharati S Chakrabarty S Som S Pal M Bharati P sociological Research Unit Indian Statistical Institute203 B.T.RoadKolkata 700 108West BengalIndia Biological Anthropology Unit Indian Statistical Institute203 B.T.RoadKolkata 700 108West BengalIndia economic Research Unit Indian Statistical Institute203 B.T.RoadKolkata 700 108West BengalIndia Biological Anthropology Unit Indian Statistical Institute203 B.TRoadKolkata 700 108West BengalIndia

Objective:To study the extent of undernutrition at district level and the socio-economic determinants of underweight children aged 0-71 months in West ***:The data were accessed from the Reproductive and Child Health Survey(RCHS-II),which contained information of 7 SSO children and their *** of socio-economic variables about the associated families of these children had also been taken for our *** study computed weight-for-age z-scores to assess the nutritional status of the children using WHO(2006) ***:The prevalence of underweight varied over the *** with very high prevalence of underweight children were Murshidabad,Burdwan,Purulia,Medinipur, Howrah and South 24 *** prevalent districts for both boys and girls were Jalpaiguri and *** prevalent districts for both boys and girls were South Dinajpur,Nadia and *** percentage of underweight children were more in rural areas among Muslim families with illiterate parents and low standard of *** Murshidabad,Bankura,Nadia, Medinipur and South 24 Parganas districts,i.e.,where prevalence of underweight children were higher,the rural and urban differences were *** characteristics like religion,parents’ educational status and standard of living index showed significant effect on the children’s ***:Public intervention programs on the parent’s education and the standard of living of the households at district level should be given high priority to combat the children’s undernutrition problems so far as weight for age is concerned.

关键词： Underweight Children socio-economic determinants West Bengal India

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Characterization of municipal solid waste based on seasonal variations,source and socio-economic aspects

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2021年第4期3卷 275-288页

作者： Venkata Ravi Sankar Cheela Sudha Goel Michele John Brajesh Dubey Environmental Engineering and Management Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India Sustainable Engineering Group Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6102Australia

Municipal solid waste(MSW)generation and characterization are the basic inputs for waste handling and treatment systems *** present research,we performed waste characterization investigations in Visakhapatnam(India),using a waste characterization methodology by integrating two standard sampling and characterization *** characterization methodology was designed by combining seasonal variations,source,and socio-economic ***-based sampling was performed at household(s),dumpster(s),transfer station,and ***-economic-based sampling was performed based on the zone classification of the *** sampling campaigns were conducted to identify the waste composition based on seasonal *** aimed to perform stratified characterization of waste and assess chemical characteristics of the mixed waste fractions to evaluate waste-to-energy *** indicate that the amount of MSW generated in the city is 1250±100 tons/day,with a generation rate of 0.65 kg/capita/*** on source stratification,organic matter(45.5%±6.5%)is a major component followed by inert *** paper,plastic,and textile components amount to 25%of overall *** seasonal studies,organic matter was higher in pre-monsoon(42%)compared to winter(39%).The moisture content of MSW varied between 30%and 35%and volatile solids between 39%and 43%.The calorific value was determined to be between 5680-7110 kJ/*** the limitations and potential errors associated with sampling and waste *** and thermal conversion treatment alternatives for processing,treatment,and handling were *** findings of this research would assist regulatory bodies and city councils to formulate policy directives on waste sampling,characterization,segregation,education,and awareness campaigns.

关键词： Municipal solid waste Waste characterization Source segregation socio-economic Seasonal variation Waste-to-energy

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Latent dimensions between water use and socio-economic development: A global exploratory statistical analysis

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Regional Sustainability 2022年第3期3卷 269-280页

作者： Edson Elídio BALATA Hugo PINTO Manuela Moreira da SILVA Institute of Engineering Universidade do AlgarveFaro8005-139Portugal Centre for Social Studies University of CoimbraCoimbra3000-995Portugal Faculty of economics University of AlgarveFaro8005-139Portugal Centre for Marine and Environmental Research(CIMA) University of AlgarveFaro8005-139Portugal Centre of Engineering and Product Development(CEiiA) Matosinhos4450-017Portugal

Water use and socio-economic development are interconnected in complex *** are not easy to identify but it is evident that a nexus between water use and socio-economic development does *** the diversity of national situations relating to these interrelated phenomena,its study should be considered from a global *** article critically reviews the literature and information from official sources on the relevance of water use and circular economy in order to create a global picture,linking water with socio-economic *** from 195 countries were analyzed statistically.A factor analysis defined five essential latent dimensions on the nexus between water use and socio-economic development:development and basic services,population and resources,economic volume,health and well-being,and population *** on the identified factors,countries were classified into six groups:Global South in difficulty,global semi-periphery,advanced economy,Middle East and other Global South developing economy,global weight,and small highly developed *** clustering results clarify connections between water use conditions and socioeconomic *** the variety of national profiles is helpful to reveal the magnitude and urgency of dealing with the nexus between water use and socio-economic development for many countries.

关键词： Water reuse Circular economy Water management Urban water cycle socio-economic sustainable development Country clusters Factor analysis

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socio-economic Characteristics of Three Artisanal Fisheries Communities in the Northern Sudanese Red Sea Coast

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第11期13卷 820-835页

作者： Abdelmoneim Karamalla Gaiballa Omar Abdulkadir Mahadalle Department of Biological Oceanography Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries Red Sea University Port Sudan Sudan

socio-economic characteristics related to fishing gears and boats from three selected small-scale fishers’ communities (Oseif, Dungonab and Mohammed Qol) in the northern part of the Sudanese Red Sea coast were studied. The study was designed to provide base line data and information on the current socio-economic situation, factors that determine the use of fishing gear, types of boats and fishing equipment, challenges facing fishers and the extent to which fishing gear and boats are related with the socio-economic characteristics of the fishers community in the study sites. Fieldwork was carried out during 2016. The study methods included a series of interviews based on questionnaires, field observations and focus group discussions. The results of the study showed that the most common fishing gears are handlines, cast nets and gillnets. The two types of boats used at the study sites are motorized fiberglass and houri (motorized and paddled) with a V-shaped hull. Boat ownership varies among fishers. Each fisher can have several types of gears in different numbers. Target fish species, season, efficiency of gear and fishing location were the main factors determining the use of fishing gear at study sites, respectively. All fishers are men and most have families of at least four people. The majority of fishers are between 21 and 50 years old and work mainly in fishing. They inherited fishing knowledge within the family, and most of them have been working in artisanal fishing for more than 10 years. Fishers have relatively good net incomes compared to other government employers in the study sites. Most fishers work full time in fishing. A small number of fishers work part-time with the possibility of undertaking other income-generating activities such as animal husbandry and seasonal agriculture. The main challenges identified by fishers at the study sites were fish prices, sea surface roughness and high cost of fishing materials, respectively. Most fishers perceived a

关键词： Red Sea of Sudan Gears Boats Small Scale Fishers socio-economic

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socio-economic Metabolism and Sustainability at a Watershed

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2015年第11期5卷 678-687页

作者： Angela Terumi Fushita José Eduardo dos Santos Department of Hydrobiology Federal University of S&atilde o Carlos S&atilde o Carlos Brazil

This research relates to the change in land use and land cover and to socio-economic metabolism, which constitute two approaches to interdisciplinary research on the society-nature relationship. The study focuses on relationships between the spatial pattern of land use, as exhibited through changes in Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity percentage (HANPP%), and socio- economic indicators (such as social exclusion/inclusion, income autonomy, human development, social equity and quality of life) of census sectors of a watershed. The analysis seeks to identify the existence of ecological and economic conflicts as a means of diagnosing the sustainability condition of the mid-upper Mogi Guaçu River watershed in 2009. The spatial pattern of land use of the watershed in 2009 indicates that ecosystems and natural habitats had already been reduced to a fraction of their original sizes and that a significant portion of their primary productivity had been appropriated. The predominance of anthropogenic agricultural activities in the watershed was the main cause of the increase in the HANPP%. Lower HANPP% values are associated with census sectors in regions with legally protected conservation areas;higher values are associated with census sectors involved in anthropogenic agricultural and non-agricultural activities. A positive significant correlation was observed between HANPP% and social exclusion/inclusion, income autonomy and human development indicators, with values above the Basic Social Inclusion Standard, indicating lower trophic availability. With the exception of the quality of life indicator, lower (0.75 to 0.25) and higher (-0.75 to -0.25) social exclusion values were observed in rural and urban census sectors. The environmental sustainability of the middle Mogi Guaçu River watershed has been compromised in terms of the amount of biomass available to the trophic community. However, socio-economic indicators demonstrate an improved quality o

关键词： HANPP Sustainability Indicator socio-economic Indicators Land Use Change

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socio-economic and Technical Characteristics of Beef Cattle Breeding in Ndé Division, West Region of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第3期13卷 379-397页

作者： David Fokom Wauffo Geraud C. Tasse Taboue Brenda M. Tsana Nantia Gina France Djoumessi Tobou Elvis Ndukong Ndzi Abdou S. Nsangou Mohamed M. F. Ndebé Brice H. T. Fokouong Frank D. K. Wouembe Suzy G. Tsoupou Kuete Kingsley M. Tanyi Kingsley A. Etchu Fernand Tendongkeng Multipurpose Research Station Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Bangangté Cameroon Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Environment and Communities Care Front Bafoussam Cameroon Specialized Research Station on Marine Ecosystems Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Kribi Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Head Office Yaoundé Cameroon

Insight is here provided into the socio-economic and technical characteristics of cattle production in the Ndé Division (West Cameroon region). Using a semi-structured questionnaire, information on the activity was assessed following onsite visits and interviewing breeders. Through a random sampling scheme, 110 breeders in the four subdivisions of the Ndé Division were shadowed. The majority (98.18%) of breeders were men aged 20 to 40 and married (91.82%). They belong to the Mbororo ethnic group, having cumulated more than 10 years in the activity. Most respondents (50.91%) did not attend school and earn their living mainly from livestock (78.18%). Cattle were raised for sale and to feed the breeder’s family (77.27%). The main mode of acquisition of animals was through inheritance (81.82%). The cattle breeds were mostly made up of white Fulani (70%), living in private farms using a combination of stake and barbed wires (67.27%) as fences. The combination of natural fodder and cooking salt was used by most breeders (59.09%) as a daily ration. Reproduction was by natural mating (97.07%). Parasites (internal and external) and foot-and-mouth disease were the main diseases reported by the majority of farmers. Self-treatment (50%) was the main prophylactic measure taken by farmers in case of disease symptoms. Cattle herders faced several challenges, such as insufficient pasture (67.27%), agro-pastoral conflicts (76.36%) and diseases (90.91%). Cattle breeding was rather a widespread activity with no particular restriction.

关键词： Cattle Breeding socio-economic Breeding Technical Characteristics Constraints Cameroon

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socio-economic Drivers of Degradation and Their Implication on Conservation of River Lumi Riparian Ecosystem in Kenya

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Open Journal of Forestry 2020年第3期10卷 307-319页

作者： Leila A. Ndalilo Bernard K. Kirui Elias K. Maranga Department of Natural Resources Egerton University Egerton Kenya Coast Eco-Region Research Programme Kenya Forestry Research Institute Malindi Kenya

Riparian forests ecosystems play significant role in biodiversity conservation and provision of ecosystem goods and services which support local livelihoods. However, riparian ecosystems are threatened by degradation attributed to anthropogenic activities. Understanding the interaction between anthropogenic activities and socio-economic factors, and their associated impact on riparian degradation is essential for designing appropriate management strategies for these ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive degradation and their implication on conservation of River Lumi riparian ecosystem. Semi-structured questionnaires, Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) and key informant interviews were used to collect the data. The findings indicate that crop farming and livestock production were the main sources of livelihood practiced by 84% and 70% of the households respectively. Consequently, agricultural intensification resulting from increased demand for agricultural commodities (33%), over-grazing coupled with influx of livestock from private ranches and neighbouring pastoralist Maasai community (20%), and deforestation fuelled by population increase (17%) were the main drivers of degradation in River Lumi riparian ecosystem. The findings indicate that about 91% of the adjacent communities are dependent on River Lumi for their sustenance and their livelihoods will be affected by continued degradation of the riparian ecosystem;thus there is need for development of appropriate management strategies including sustainable livelihood systems to conserve River Lumi riparian ecosystem.

关键词： River Lumi Riparian Ecosystem socio-economic Degradation and Conservation

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socio-economic Impacts of Flooding on the Residents of Port Harcourt Metropolis in Rivers State, Nigeria

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Natural Resources 2015年第1期6卷 1-8页

作者： Elenwo Ephraim Ikechukwu Department of Geography and Environmental Management Faculty of Social Science University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

Floods are naturally occurring phenomena that are part of the physical and biological process which have shaped our nation’s landscape. It occurs in Nigeria environment when there is heavy rain fall for prolonged period of time. The data collection for this research was by use of primary and secondary information;questionnaire was administered by face to face interviews and key informant surveys. Analytical technique was the univariate statistical methods. The results revealed that there is clear evidence of damages to properties and that there are hazards and risks faced by these households as shown in Tables 1-4 respectively. Table 3 specifically shows the financial losses incurred annually by residents to the tune 5 million naira and above. However, the continued hazards and risks as a result of flood incidence have affected their overall income which hitherto is found within (N20000.00 - N25000.00) about 22.8% of the respondents fall in this income bracket. Furthermore, the research also revealed that about 30% say the flood has affected their income, while 29.4% say their buildings are affected. Also about 37.8% of respondents say that the flood incidence occurs all through the rainy season. The research recommends an aggressive review of the Port Harcourt Master Plan and the implementation of the development control tools in the 1992 Urban and Regional Planning Law.

关键词： socio-economic Impact Flooding Port Harcourt

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