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Dynamic foraging strategy adaptation to heterogeneous environments contributes to social aggregation in snub-nosed monkeys

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 39-54页

作者： Lan Zhao Sheng-Nan Ji Xiao-Bing Du Jia-Hui Liu Bo-Lun Zhang Pei-Hua Li Yi-Jun Yang Bao-Guo Li Yan-Qing Guo Xiao-Guang Qi College of Life Sciences Northwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710069China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 610041China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

The dynamics of animal social structures are heavily influenced by environmental patterns of competition and *** folivorous colobine primates,prevailing theories suggest that larger group sizes should be favored in rainforests with a year-round abundance of food,thereby reducing feeding ***,paradoxically,larger groups are frequently found in high-altitude or high-latitude montane ecosystems characterized by a seasonal scarcity of *** contradiction is posited to arise from cooperative benefits in heterogeneous *** investigate this hypothesis,we carried out a six-year field study on two neighboring groups of golden snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana),a species representing the northernmost distribution of colobine *** showed that the groups adjusted their movement and habitat selection in response to fluctuating climates and spatiotemporal variability of resources,indicative of a dynamic foraging ***,during the cold,resource-scarce conditions in winter,the large group occupied food-rich habitats but did not exhibit significantly longer daily travel distances than the smaller neighboring ***,we compiled an eco-behavioral dataset of 52 colobine species to explore their evolutionary *** of this dataset suggested that the increase in group size may have evolved via home range expansion in response to the cold and heterogeneous climates found at higher altitudes or ***,we developed a multi-benefits framework to interpret the formation of larger groups by integrating environmental *** cold and diverse environments,even smaller groups require larger home ranges to meet their dynamic survival *** spatiotemporal distribution of high-quality resources within these expanded home ranges facilitates more frequent interactions between groups,thereby encouraging social aggregation into larger *** process enhances the benefits of collabor

关键词： social evolution Folivore paradox MLS Rhinopithecus roxellana Multi-benefits framework

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social Scale and Collective Computation:Does Information Processing Limit Rate of Growth in Scale?

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Journal of social Computing 2022年第1期3卷 1-17页

作者： Timothy A.Kohler Darcy Bird David H.Wolpert the Department of Anthropology Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164-4910USA Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNM 87501USA Crow Canyon Archaeological Center CortezCO 81321USA Cluster of Excellence ROOTS Christian-Albrechts-UniversitätKiel 24118Germany. Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Jena 07745Germany the Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNM 87501USA Center for Biosocial Complex Systems Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85281USA Complexity Science Hub Vienna 1080Austria

Collective computation is the process by which groups store and share information to arrive at decisions for collective *** societies engage in effective collective computation depends partly on their *** arrangements and technologies that work for small-and mid-scale societies are inadequate for dealing effectively with the much larger communication loads that societies face during the growth in scale that is a hallmark of the *** important bottleneck for growth may be the development of systems for persistent recording of information(writing),and perhaps also the abstraction of money for generalizing exchange *** on Shin et al.,we identify a Scale Threshold to be crossed before societies can develop such systems,and an Information Threshold which,once crossed,allows more or less unlimited growth in *** introduce several additional articles in this special issue that elaborate or evaluate this Thresholds Model for particular types of societies or times and places in the world.

关键词： social evolution thresholds model information processing writing demographic scale collective computation

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Acromyrmex ameliae sp. n. （Hymenoptera： Formicidae）： A new social parasite of leaf-cutting ants in Brazil

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Insect Science 2007年第3期14卷 251-257页

作者： DANIVAL JOSE DE SOUZA ILKA MARIA FERNANDES SOARES TEREZINHA MARIA CASTRO DELLA LUCIA Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de 1'Insecte Université Francois Rabelais Tours France Departamento de Biologia Animal Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Vicosa MG 36570-000 Brazil

The fungus-growing ants （Tribe Attini） are a New World group of〉 200 species, all obligate symbionts with a fungus they use for food. Four attine taxa are known to be social parasites of other attines. Acromyrmex （ Pseudoatta） argentina argentina and Acromyrmex （Pseudoatta） argentina platensis （parasites of Acromyrmex lundi）, and Acromyrmex sp. （a parasite of Acromyrmex rugosus） produce no worker caste. In contrast, the recently discovered Acromyrmex insinuator （a parasite of Acromyrmex echinatior） does produce workers. Here, we describe a new species, Acromyrmex ameliae, a social parasite of Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus and Acromyrmex subterraneus brunneus in Minas Gerais, Brasil. Like A. insinuator, it produces workers and appears to be closely related to its hosts. Similar social parasites may be fairly common in the fungus-growing ants, but overlooked due to the close resemblance between parasite and host workers.

关键词： Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants social evolution social parasitism

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On ethics,the pursuit of knowledge,truth and status in the hallowed halls of academe

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第3期8卷 223-231页

作者： John S.BUCKERIDGE Rob WATTS Earth&Oceanic Systems Group RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Advancement in academe is largely on the basis of research output;that is,refereed journal *** paper first explores pressures on academics,especially emerging researchers,when English is not a first *** assess why,when faculty members rush to improve their station that they may elect to circumvent ethical protocols to accelerate their promotion and *** resulting unethical behavior includes plagiarism and forms of duplication such as *** is then given to the wider implications of both plagiarism and the theft of intellectual property,and the role these have played in the development of individuals,the university and society.

关键词： ethics plagiarism promotion publication social evolution

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Hierarchical networks of food exchange in the black garden ant Lasius niger

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Insect Science 2021年第3期28卷 825-838页

作者： Martin Quque Olivier Bles Annaelle Benard Amelie Heraud Bastien Meunier Frangois Criscuolo Jean-Louis Deneubourg Cedric Sueur CA/RS IPHCUniversite de StrasbourgStrasbourgUMR718France Centre for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems(Cenoli)-CP 231 Universite libre de Bruxelles(ULB)BruxellesBelgium Universite de Bourgogne Franche-Comte DijonFrance Universite de Rennes 1 RennesFrance Institut Universitaire de France ParisFrance

In most eusocial insects,the division of labor results in relatively few individuals foraging for the entire ***,the survival of the colony depends on its efficiency in meeting the nutritional needs of all its ***,we characterize the network topology of a eusocial insect to understand the role and centrality of each caste in this network during the process of food *** constructed trophallaxis networks from 34 food-exchange experiments in black garden ants(Lasius niger).We tested the influence of brood and colony size on(i)global indices at the network level(i.e.,efficiency,resilience,centralization,and modularity)and(ii)individual values(i.e.,degree,strength,betweenness,and the clustering coefficient).Network resilience,the ratio between global efficiency and centralization,was stable with colony size but increased in the presence of broods,presumably in response to the nutritional needs of *** metrics highlighted the major role of foragers in food *** addition,a hierarchical clustering analysis suggested that some domestics acted as intermediaries between foragers and other *** appeared to be hierarchical rather than random or centralized exclusively around ***,our results suggested that networks emerging from social insect interactions can improve group performance and thus colony fitness.

关键词： insects network evolution self-organization social evolution social network analyses

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social development and living environment changes in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau and contiguous regions during the late prehistoric period

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Regional Sustainability 2020年第1期1卷 59-67页

作者： Huihui Cao Guanghui Dong Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

The relationship between the evolution of human societies and their living environments has been discussed intensively in recent *** is important to understand the patterns and mechanisms of human–environment interaction and evolution in order to cope with rapidly changing environments in the modern *** reviewed the results of dating,archaeobotanical,and zooarchaeological studies from 139 prehistoric sites in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau(NETP)and contiguous regions(NETP-CR:i.e.,the Hexi Corridor and western margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau)and compared them with paleoenvironmental records to study variations in spatiotemporal patterns of social development in the area and their relationships with climate and vegetation *** results show that hunter-gatherer groups occupied vast areas of the NETP at low intensities during^15,000–5500 BP(years before present).This was directly related to forest cover and climate *** increase in temperature and precipitation turnover of vegetation from desert steppe to alpine meadow/subalpine shrub,and recovery of animal population on the Tibetan Plateau created more food resources and space for *** farmers settled extensively below 2500 m a.s.l.(meters above sea level)in the NETP-CR between^5500 and 3600 BP,and might have coexisted with hunting groups above 2500 m *** subsistence *** distribution of human settlements during that period was affected by climate change,with the relatively warm and wet climate promoting the expansion of millet agriculture to the NETP-CR during 5500–4500 BP,while climate deterioration caused humans to retreat to lower *** 3600–2200 BP,a range of livelihoods emerged in different regions of the *** was promoted by early trans-Eurasian exchange and the development of an agro-pastoral economy that utilized cold-tolerant crops and *** eventually promoted the expansion of permanent human settlements to high-altitude a

关键词： social evolution Climate change Subsistence strategy Late prehistoric period Northeast Tibetan Plateau

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Reflection and Critique： Philosophy＇s Hope for Education

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2013年第2期8卷 266-272页

作者： Bart Raymaekers Institute of Philosophy Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 3000 Leuven Belgium

1 IntroductionUniversities still, today, enjoy a specific type of respectability. Undoubtedly, this could be explained by the fact that universities, from medieval times onwards, have belonged to the cultural and intellectual landscape in general and to educational heritage in particular. From a distance, it looks like they are braving, with obvious confidence, every day＇s delusions; most people look at universities as quite stable institutions. Of course, there are good reasons for this： Universities have been and still are offering programs and training, consisting of individual courses, offered by professors. At the end, in exchange for ongoing efforts, students can get a degree, most likely opening the door to interesting, meaningful jobs with decent pay.

关键词： Universities Higher education Hope social evolution Public authorities Educational research Educational philosophies Critical thinking

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场景的演化：四种社会发展模式在场景中的应用

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文化研究 2022年第12期

作者： Daniel Silver Thiago Silva Patrick Adler

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罗尔斯与哈耶克的程序正义观

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法理学、法史学 2020年第11期

作者：丁建峰

程序正义在现代社会具有重要作用。罗尔斯和哈耶克的程序正义观，体现了程序正义运用于社会基本结构的两种不同方式，罗尔斯的架构是一种“融通性的综合程序正义观”，而哈耶克的架构则是一种“贯通全局的纯粹程序正义观”。从人类合作... 详细信息

程序正义在现代社会具有重要作用。罗尔斯和哈耶克的程序正义观，体现了程序正义运用于社会基本结构的两种不同方式，罗尔斯的架构是一种“融通性的综合程序正义观”，而哈耶克的架构则是一种“贯通全局的纯粹程序正义观”。从人类合作演化的视角来看，哈耶克和罗尔斯的程序正义观体现了演化的不同阶段，亦即：在演化伊始，“不完美程序正义”构成了程序正义的本源和主要形态，从小规模社会向大规模社会的演化，带来了哈耶克式的纯粹程序正义；大规模社会合作的进一步发展，则必然要求出现罗尔斯式的程序正义。在当代社会，罗尔斯式的程序正义是自觉而有意识的社会选择的结果，它融通了各种形式的程序正义和实体性正义，使之各得其位，是一个更符合现实也更理想的理论框架。

关键词：罗尔斯哈耶克程序正义社会演化社会选择 John Rawls(罗尔斯) Friedrich August von Hayek(哈耶克) procedural justice social evolution social choice

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创新、企业家精神与资本主义的兴衰

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理论经济学 2021年第12期

作者：王长刚罗卫东

熊彼特围绕资本主义的本质特征和兴衰过程这一主题，力图以创新和企业家理论为核心，以独特的阶级理论、财政社会学理论和帝国主义理论等为辅，构建一个相对完整和统一的理论体系，应该被视作社会思想家。他根据创新、企业家和信贷等因... 详细信息

熊彼特围绕资本主义的本质特征和兴衰过程这一主题，力图以创新和企业家理论为核心，以独特的阶级理论、财政社会学理论和帝国主义理论等为辅，构建一个相对完整和统一的理论体系，应该被视作社会思想家。他根据创新、企业家和信贷等因素在整个资本主义发展过程中的作用和角色的变化，将资本主义划分为早期资本主义、重商资本主义、全面资本主义和托拉斯资本主义四个阶段，分析各个阶段的特点及其成因，并断言资本主义未来必然会自我衰亡且为社会主义所替代。引导熊彼特做出这些独特分析的是他关于社会变迁的如下“构想”：社会变迁的演变特征，社会在发展中孕育自身毁灭的种子，以及社会诸领域的非同步演变等。

关键词：熊彼特创新企业家精神资本主义社会变迁 Schumpeter innovation entrepreneurship capitalism social evolution

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