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Vocal repertoire of the New Zealand kea parrot Nestor notabilis

Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 727-740页

作者： Raoul SCHWING Stuart PARSONS Ximena J. NELSON School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand

The unique alpine-living kea parrot Nestor notabilis has been the focus of numerous cognitive studies, but its com- munication system has so far been largely neglected. We examined 2,884 calls recorded in New Zealand＇s Southern Alps. Based on audio and visual spectrographic differences, these calls were categorised into seven distinct call types： the non-oscillating ＇screech＇ contact call and ＇mew＇; and the oscillating ＇trill＇, ＇chatter＇, ＇warble＇ and ＇whistle＇; and a hybrid ＇screech-trill＇. Most of these calls contained aspects that were individually unique, in addition to potentially encoding for an individual＇s sex and age. Additionally, for each recording, the sender＇s previous and next calls were noted, as well as any response given by conspecifics. We found that the previous and next calls made by the sender were most often of the same type, and that the next most likely pre- ceding and/or following call type was the screech call, a contact call which sounds like the ＇kee-ah＇ from which the bird＇s name derives. As a social bird capable of covering large distances over visually obstructive terrain, long distance contact calls may be of considerable importance for social cohesion. Contact calls allow kea to locate conspecifics and congregate in temporary groups for social activities. The most likely response to any given call was a screech, usually followed by the same type of call as the ini- tial call made by the sender, although responses differed depending on the age of the caller. The exception was the warble, the kea＇s play call, to which the most likely response was another warble. Being the most common call type, as well as the default response to another call, it appears that the ＇contagious＇ screech contact call plays a central role in kea vocal communication and social cohesion [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 727-740, 2012].

关键词： Acoustic signals Communication Kea Psittacidae social behaviour Habitat

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Lateralization in monogamous pairs:wild geese prefer to keep their partner in the left hemifield except when disturbed

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Current Zoology 2021年第4期67卷 419-429页

作者： Elmira Zaynagutdinova Karina Karenina Andrey Giljov Department of Vertebrate Zoology Faculty of BiologySaint Petersburg State UniversityUniversitetskaya nab.7-9St Petersburg199034Russia

behavioural lateralization,which reflects the functional specializations of the two brain hemispheres,is assumed to play an important role in cooperative intraspecific ***,there are few studies focused on the lateralization in cooperative behaviours of individuals,especially in a natural *** the present study,we investigated Iateralized spatial interactions between the partners in life-long monogamous *** male-female pairs of two geese species(barnacle,Branta leucopsis,and white-fronted,Anser albifrons geese),were observed during different stages of the annual cycle in a variety of *** geese flocks,we recorded which visual hemifield(left/right)the following partner used to monitor the leading partner relevant to the type of behaviour and the disturbance *** a significant majority of pairs,the following bird viewed the leading partner with the left eye during routine behaviours such as resting and feeding in undisturbed *** behavioural lateralization,implicating the right hemisphere processing,was consistent across the different aggregation sites and years of the *** contrast,no significant bias was found in a variety of geese behaviours associated with enhanced disturbance(when alert on water,flying or fleeing away when disturbed,feeding during the hunting period,in urban area feeding and during moulting).We hypothesize that the increased demands for right hemisphere processing to deal with stressful and emergency situations may interfere with the manifestation of lateralization in social interactions.

关键词： hemispheric dominance left eye bias visual lateralization social behaviour monogamy anthropogenic disturbance

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“My ADHD Hellbrain”: A Twitter Data Science Perspective on a behavioural Disorder

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2021年第1期6卷 13-34页

作者： Mike Thelwall Meiko Makita Amalia Mas-Bleda Emma Stuart Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group University of WolverhamptonUK

Purpose: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a common behavioural condition. This article introduces a new data science method, word association thematic analysis, to investigate whether ADHD tweets can give insights into patient concerns and online communication needs. Design/methodology/approach: Tweets matching "my ADHD"(n=58,893) and 99 other conditions(n=1,341,442) were gathered and two thematic analyses conducted. Analysis 1: A standard thematic analysis of ADHD-related tweets. Analysis 2: A word association thematic analysis of themes unique to ***: The themes that emerged from the two analyses included people ascribing their brains agency to explain and justify their symptoms and using the concept of neurodivergence for a positive self-image. Research limitations: This is a single case study and the results may differ for other *** implications: Health professionals should be sensitive to patients' needs to understand their behaviour, find ways to justify and explain it to others and to be positive about their ***/value: Word association thematic analysis can give new insights into the(self-reported) patient perspective.

关键词： ADHD Word association thematic analysis social behaviour social web Twitter

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Aggressive behaviour During Breaks as a Manifestation of Different Types of Culture at School

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Sociology Study 2014年第1期4卷 18-26页

作者： Marzanna Farnicka University of Zielona G6ra Poland

The aim of this article is to analyse aggressive behaviour of pupils during school breaks. The main emphasis has been put on the importance of teachers＇ expectations concerning behaviour violating norms. The role of these expectations as predictors of pro-social and anti-social behaviour has been analysed. The research is based on the assumption that every culture develops specific benchmarks in reference to which people judge various social phenomena. Creation of an individual conception of oneself and making a plan for one＇s life is based, to some extent, on social values which constitute the crucial element of every culture. The hypothesis to be verified in this study was the presence of a significant link between the occurrence of anti-social and pro-social behaviour and the adopted axiological assumptions concerning students and their behaviour. The subjects of the study were students and teachers from 18 schools representing three types of culture and three educational levels （primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary）. The total number of 1,212 students were observed （Goldsmith＇s Observational Questionnaire）, and 36 teachers were interviewed. The results indicate a link between the adopted school culture and teachers＇ functioning, and open perspectives of further research on the connection between the values in school curricula and the occurrence of behaviour violating social norms and bounds.

关键词： Aggression social behaviour school school culture values in education

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GRK5 ablation in mice causes dysregulation of m TOR signalling in the prefrontal cortex and ASD-like behavioural phenotype

GRK5 ablation in mice causes dysregulation of m TOR signalli...

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中国生理学会第24届全国会员代表大会暨生理学学术大会

作者：马兰王菲菲牛兵沈敏杰刘佩佩刘操陈颖王丽复旦大学上海医学院药理研究中心

Autism spectrum disorders（ASDs）comprise a range of disorders that share a core of behavioural deficits in social *** the neurological basis underlying these abnormal behaviours is poorly understood,dysfunction of neuronal signalling has been found in many *** studies demonstrated that GRK5,a G protein-coupled receptor（GPCR）kinase,plays many physiological and pathophysiological roles via regulating signalling mediated by GRCRs or non-GPCR *** we show that Grk5-/-mice exhibit deficits in social ***,electrophysiological and biochemical analyses of Grk5-/-mice showed the ultrastructural impairment in cortical postsynaptic densities,the excitatory deficit of synaptic function,and overactivation of m TOR signalling in the prefrontal *** treatment with an FDA-approved m TOR inhibitor and an m Glu R5 antagonist prevented the dysregulation of m TOR signalling and the excitatory deficit of synaptic function in Grk5-/-*** also ameliorated the social interaction impairment in Grk5-/-*** findings demonstrate a critical role for GRK5 in maintaining the normal cortical connectivity and suggest that a disruption of GRK5 function in the prefrontal cortex may contribute to the pathogenesis of autistic-like behaviours.

关键词： autism GRK5 social behaviour mEPSC m TOR

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