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Evaluation of stereology for snow microstructure measurement and microwave emission modeling:a case study

International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第10期14卷 1316-1336页

作者： Jinmei Pan M.T.Durand Z.Courville B.J.Vander Jagt N.P.Molotch S.A.Margulis E.J.Kim M.Schneebeli C.Mätzler State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China School of Earth Science and Byrd Polar Research Center The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory HanoverNHUSA Geography Department and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Hydrospheric and Biospheric Sciences Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA WSL Institute for snow and Avalanche Research SLF Davos DorfSwitzerland Institute of Applied Physics and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of BernBernSwitzerland

Reliablemicrostructuremeasurement of snow is a requirement for microwave radiative transfer model *** specific surface area(SSA)can be measured using stereological methods,in which snow samples are cast in the field and photographed in the *** stereology photographs manually by counting intersections of test cycloids with air-ice boundaries reduces the problems in binary *** paper is a case study to evaluate the repeatability of the manually stereology interpretation by two independent research *** further assessed how uncertainty in snow SSA influences simulated brightness temperature(TB)driven by the Microwave Emission Model of Layered snowpacks(MEMLS),and how stereology compares to Near Infrared(NIR)camera and hand *** was obtained from two alpine snow profiles from Steamboat Springs,*** showed that stereological SSA values measured by two groups are highly consistent,and the ground radiometer measured T_(B)at 19 and 37 GHz was successfully predicted(RMSE<3.8 K);simulations using NIR SSA and hand-lens geometric grain size(Dg)measurements have larger *** conclusion was not sensitive to uncertainty in the free parameters of TB modeling.

关键词： Microwave radiometry snow stereology snow microstructure MEMLS

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Metamorphism and microstructure of Seasonal snow:Single Layer Tracking in Western Tianshan,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 496-506页

作者： HONG Wen WEI Wen-shou LIU Ming-zhe LU Heng HAN Xi ZHANG Yan-wei Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Tianshan Station for snow Cover and Avalanche Research College of Environment and Planning Shangqiu Normal University

【Title】【Author】snowpack is a combination of several snow layers. Accordingly, snowpack natural metamorphism is composed of several stages. The aim of this study is to investigate the natural snow metamorphism at the snow layer unit. The field investigation was conducted at the Tianshan Station for snow Cover and Avalanche Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences （43°16＇ N, 84°24＇ E, and 1,776 m a.s.l.）, during the winter of 2010-2011. A complete metamorphic procedure and the corresponding microstructure of a target snow layer were tracked. The results indicate that： the ideal and complete metamorphic process and the corresponding predominant snow grain shape have 5 stages： 1） unstable kinetic metamorphism near the surface; 2） unstable kinetic metamorphism under pressure; 3） stable kinetic metamorphism; 4） equilibrium metamorphism; 5） wet snow metamorphism. snow grain size sharply decreased in the surface stage, and then changed to continuously increase. Rapid increase of grain size occurred in the stable kinetic metamorphism and wet snow metamorphism stage. The characteristic length was introduced to represent the real sizes of depth hoar crystals. The snow grain circularity ratio had a variation of “rapid increase – slow decrease – slow increase”, and the snow aggregations continuously increased with time. snow density grew stepwise and remained steady from the stable kinetic to the equilibrium metamorphism stage. The differences in metamorphism extent and stages among snow layers, led to the characteristic layered structure of snowpack.

关键词： snow metamorphism snow microstructure Tracking Seasonal snow Tianshan

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