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smog chamber study on the evolution of fume from residential coal combustion

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第1期24卷 169-176页

作者： Chunmei Geng Kun Wang Wei Wang Jianhua Chen Xiaoyu Liu Hongjie Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Domestic coal stoves are widely used in countryside and greenbelt residents in China for heating and cooking,and emit considerable pollutants to the atmosphere because of no treatment of their exhaust,which can result in deteriorating local air quality.In this study,a dynamic smog chamber was used to investigate the real-time emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants during the combustion process and a static smog chamber was used to investigate the fume evolution under simulate light irradiation.The real-time emissions revealed that the total hydrocarbon （THC） and CO increased sharply after ignition,and then quickly decreased,indicating volatilization of hydrocarbons with low molecular weight and incomplete combustion at the beginning stage of combustion made great contribution to these pollutants.There was evident shoulder peak around 10min combustion for both THC and CO,revealing the emissions from vitrinite combustion.Additionally,another broad emission peak of CO after 30min was also observed,which was ascribed to the incomplete combustion of the inertinite.Compared with THC and CO,there was only one emission peak for NOx,SO 2 and particular matters at the beginning stage of combustion.The fume evolution with static chamber simulation indicated that evident consumption of SO 2 and NOx as well as new particle formation were observed.The consumption rates for SO 2 and NOx were about 3.44% hr-1 and 3.68% hr-1,the new particle formation of nuclei particles grew at a rate of 16.03 nm/hr during the first reaction hour,and the increase of the diameter of accumulation mode particles was evident.The addition of isoprene to the diluted mixture of the fume could promote O 3 and secondary particle formation.

关键词： residential coal combustion smog chamber new particle formation emission characteristics

Construction and Characterization of an Atmospheric Simulation smog chamber

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2007年第2期24卷 250-258页

作者：武山吕子峰郝吉明赵喆李俊华 Hideto TAKEKAWA Hiroaki MINOURA Akio YASUDA Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories Nagakute Aichi480-1192Japan

Currently, air pollution in Beijing has become a complex problem with two types of source pollutants： coal smoke and photochemical smog. Furthermore the maximum hourly mean concentration of O3 increases continuously, especially in the summer. In order to simulate the photochemical reaction, develop an air quality simulation model and further improve the air quality of Beijing, a precisely temperature-controlled, indoor, smog chamber facility was designed and constructed at Tsinghua University. Characterization experiments have been carried out to acquire the basic parameters of the smog chamber, such as the wall loss rates of NO2, NO, O3, C3H6 and particulate matter （PM）, the intensity of ultraviolet （UV） light in the chamber, the reactivity of the purified air and the reproducibility of the experimental results. The results indicate that the facility performs up to specifications, and can meet the demands required for simulating the photochemical reaction. The effect of high primary contaminated PM on the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol （SOA） is under investigation.

关键词： photochemical smog smog chamber construction characterization experiments SOA

Assessing the influence of environmental conditions on secondary organic aerosol formation from a typical biomass burning compound

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 136-148页

作者： Xiaotong Jiang Dantong Liu Li Xu Narcisse T.Tsona Lin Du Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Earth SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

The atmospheric chemistry in complex air pollution remains poorly understood.In order to probe how environmental conditions can impact the secondary organic aerosol(SOA)formation from biomass burning emissions,we investigated the photooxidation of 2,5-dimethylfuran(DMF)under different environmental conditions in a smog chamber.It was found that SO_(2)could promote the formation of SOA and increase the amounts of inorganic salts produced during the photooxidation.The formation rate of SOA and the corresponding SOA mass concentration increased gradually with the increasing DMF/OH ratio.The addition of(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)seed aerosol accelerated the SOA formation rate and significantly shortened the time for the reaction to reach equilibrium.Additionally,a relatively high illumination intensity promoted the formation of OH radicals and,correspondingly,enhanced the photooxidation of DMF.However,the enhancement of light intensity accelerated the aging of SOA,which led to a gradual decrease of the SOA mass concentration.This work shows that by having varying influence on atmospheric chemical reactions,the same environmental factor can affect SOA formation in different ways.The present study is helpful for us to better understand atmospheric complex pollution.

关键词： Secondary organic aerosol formation(SOA) 2,5-Dimethylfuran(DMF) Environmental effect smog chamber SOA yield

Application of smog chambers in atmospheric process studies

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National Science Review 2022年第2期9卷 126-141页

作者： Biwu Chu Tianzeng Chen Yongchun Liu Qingxin Ma Yujing Mu Yonghong Wang Jinzhu Ma Peng Zhang Jun Liu Chunshan Liu Huaqiao Gui Renzhi Hu Bo Hu Xinming Wang Yuesi Wang Jianguo Liu Pinhua Xie Jianmin Chen Qian Liu Jingkun Jiang Junhua Li Kebin He Wenqing Liu Guibin Jiang Jiming Hao Hong He State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing Convenient Environmental Tech Co.Ltd Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institutes of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University

smog chamber experimental systems,which have been widely used in laboratory simulation for studying atmospheric processes,are comprehensively reviewed in this paper.The components,development history,main research topics and main achievements of smog chambers are introduced.Typical smog chambers in the world,including their volumes,wall materials,light sources and features,are summarized and compared.Key factors of smog chambers and their influences on the simulation of the atmospheric environment are discussed,including wall loss,wall emission and background pollutants.The features of next-generation smog chambers and their application prospect in future studies of the atmospheric environment are also outlined in this paper.

关键词： smog chamber simulation wall effect secondary aerosol ozone

Wall losses of oxygenated volatile organic compounds from oxidation of toluene:Effects of chamber volume and relative humidity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 475-484页

作者： Shanshan Yu Long Jia Yongfu Xu Hailiang Zhang Qun Zhang Yuepeng Pan State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Sciences College of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Vapor wall losses can affect the yields of secondary organic aerosol.The effects of surfaceto-volume(S/V)ratio and relative humidity(RH)on the vapor-wall interactions were investigated in this study.The oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs)were generated from toluene-H_(2)O_(2)irradiations.The average gas to wall loss rate constant(k_(gw))of OVOCs in a 400 L reactor(S/V=7.5 m^(-1))is 2.47(2.41 under humid conditions)times higher than that in a 5000 L reactor(S/V=3.6 m-1)under dry conditions.In contrast,the average desorption rate constant(k_(wg))of OVOCs in 400 L reactor is only 1.37(1.20 under humid conditions)times higher than that in 5000 L reactor under dry conditions.It shows that increasing the S/V ratio can promote the wall losses of OVOCs.By contrast,the RH effect on k_(gw)is not prominent.The average k_(gw)value under humid conditions is almost the same as under dry conditions in the 400 L(5000 L)reactor.However,increasing RH can decrease the desorption rates.The average k_(wg)value under dry conditions is 1.45(1.27)times higher than that under humid conditions in the 400 L(5000 L)reactor.The high RH can increase the partitioning equilibrium timescales and enhance the wall losses of OVOCs.

关键词： Vapor wall loss Surface-to-volume ratio Relative humidity Toluene smog chamber Oxygenated volatile organic compounds

Study on the reaction of 3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal with Cl atoms: kinetics and reaction mechanism

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第6期34卷 25-33页

作者： Bo Shi Weigang Wang Cici Fan Yuchan Zhang Zheng Sun Yanli Zeng Maofa Ge College of Chemistry and Material Sciences Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS)Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Lanfang Normal University Langfang 065000China National Demonstration Center for Experiment Chemistry Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-material of Hebei Province Shijiazhuang 050024China

The reaction of Cl atoms with two C5aldehydes(3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal)were investigated by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrum(PTR-MS)using smog chamber at 298±1 K and 760 Torr.A relative rate method was used to determine the rate constants of the title reactions with m-xylene and trans-2-butene as reference compounds:(3.04±0.18)×10^(-10)and(2.07±0.14)×10^(-10)cm^(3)/(molecule·sec)for 3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal,respectively.Additionally,the gas-phase products were also identified by PTR-MS,and the possible reaction mechanisms were proposed basing on the identified products.The detected gas-phase products are similar for two C5aldehydes reactions,mainly including small molecules of aldehydes,ketones and chlorinated aldehyde compounds.The atmospheric lifetimes(τ)calculated for 3-methyl-2-butenal(τ=7.0 hr,marine boundary layer(MBL))and 3-methylbutanal(τ=10.3 hr,MBL)according to the obtained rate constants.The results indicate that Cl atoms at MBL are competitive with OH radicals for the degradation contribution of C5aldehyde compounds.

关键词： smog chamber Kinetic Reaction mechanism Cl atoms

Compilation of reaction kinetics parameters determined in the Key Development Project for Air Pollution Formation Mechanism and Control Technologies in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 327-340页

作者： Yuehui Liu Ming Zhou Keding Lu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

A compilation of new advances made in the research?eld of laboratory reaction kinetics in China’s Key Development Project for Air Pollution Formation Mechanism and Control Technologies was presented.These advances are grouped into six broad,interrelated categories,including volatile organic compound(VOC)oxidation,secondary organic aerosol(SOA)formation,new particle formation(NPF)and gas-particle partitioning,ozone chemistry,model parameters,and secondary inorganic aerosol(SIA)formation,highlighting the laboratory work done by Chinese researchers.For smog chamber applications,the current knowledge gained from laboratory studies is reviewed,with emphasis on summarizing the oxidation mechanisms of long-chain alkanes,aromatics,alkenes,aldehydes/ketones in the atmosphere,SOA formation from anthropogenic emission sources,and oxidation of aromatics,isoprene,and limonene,as well as SIA formation.For?ow tube applications,atmospheric oxidation mechanisms of toluene and methacrolein,SOA formation from limonene oxidation by ozone,gas-particle partitioning of peroxides,and sulfuric acid-water(H2SO4-H2O)binary nucleation,methanesulfonic acid-water(MSA-H2O)binary nucleation,and sulfuric acid-ammonia-water(H2SO4-NH3-H2O)ternary nucleation are discussed.

关键词： smog chamber Flow tube VOC oxidation SOA formation New particle formation Gas-particle partitioning SIA formation

Photochemical Reactions of ethyl acetate and ozone in smog chamber system

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Photochemical Reactions of ethyl acetate and ozone in smog c...

Characterization of products from photooxidation of toluene

第八届全国大气细及超细粒子技术研讨会暨PM_(2.5)...

作者： Miao Tian Ailing Ren Wei Zhang Shanshan Wang Shuo Li Bin Guo Jing Han

Photo-oxidation experiments on ethyl acetate and ozone were performed with indoor smog chamber,which the wall loss of ozone and ethyl acetate were 6×10 min and 2×10 min.The results indicated that the UV-irradiation and ozone may cause photochemical reactions of ethyl acetate degration and formation aerosol,the UV light has a great effect on degradation of the ethyl acetate,and the existence of ozone is more important condition to form the aerosol.Co-existence of UV-irradiation with ozone could increase ethyl acetate degradation and the formation rate of aerosol.

关键词： smog chamber ozone atmospheric photochemical secondary organic aerosol（SOA） ethyl acetate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第5期18卷 903-909页

作者： HAO Li-qing WANG Zhen-ya FANG Li ZHANG Wei-jun WANG Wei LI Cheng-xiang SHENG Liu-si Laboratory of Environmental Spectroscopy Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

Photooxidation reaction of toluene in smog chamber systems was initiated by the UV radiation of tolucne/CH5ONO/NOx mixtures. The products of the photooxidation reaction of toluene and its subsequent reactions were analyzed directly utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FTIR）. Detailed assignments to FTIR spectrum of gas-phase products were given. The information of some important functional groups in the products, such as, carbonyl groups （C-O）, hydroxyl groups （-OH）, carboxylic acid （- COOH）, C-C bonding, N O bonding and C-H bonding （C H）, was got from this analysis. These results were compared to those analyzed by aerosol time of flight mass spectrometer （ATOFMS）. It was found that there are some differcnccs between FTIR analysis of gas-phase products and that of particle-phase, for example, the products with carbonyl groups, which were connected to unsaturated chemical bonds, was relatively higher in the gas phase, while kctoncs, aldehydes, carboxylic acid and organonitrates were the dominant functional groups in the aerosol-phase reaction products. The possible reaction pathways of some important products in the gas phase were also discussed.

关键词： toluene photooxidation secondary organic aerosol Fourier transform infrared spectrometer smog chamber