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Influence of Anthracite-to-Ilmenite-Ratio on Element Distribution in Titanium Slag smelting in Large DC Furnaces

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第4期18卷 883-896页

作者： Shihong Huang Ting Lei Yan Cui Zhifeng Nie Office of Science and Technology Kunming UniversityKunming650214China Kunming Metallurgy College Kunming650033China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Kunming UniversityKunming650214China Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Organic Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Kunming UniversityKunming650214China

The distribution of titanium,carbon and associated elements(calcium,magnesium,silicon and aluminum)in a smelting process is studied by means of a chemical equilibrium calculation method for multiphase and multicomponent systems,and verified through comparison with production results.In particular,using the coexistence theory for titanium slag structures,the influence of the AIR(anthracite to ilmenite ratio)on the distribution of such elements is analyzed.The results show that the AIR can be adjusted to achieve a selective reduction of oxides in the melt.

关键词： Titanium slag smelting element distribution

Coordinated control of carbon and oxygen for ultra-low-carbon interstitial-free steel in a smelting process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第12期22卷 1252-1259页

作者： Min Wang Yan-ping Bao Quan Yang Li-hua Zhao Lu Lin State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing National Engineering Research Center of Flat Rolling Equipment University of Science and Technology Beijing

Low residual-free-oxygen before fmal de-oxidation was beneficial to improving the cleanness of ultra-low-carbon steel. For ultra-low-carbon steel production, the coordinated control of carbon and oxygen is a precondition for achieving low residual oxygen during the Ruhrstahl Heraeus （RH） decarburization process. In this work, we studied the coordinated control of carbon and oxygen for ultra-low-carbon steel during the basic oxygen furnace （BOF） endpoint and RH process using data statistics, multiple linear regressions, and thermodynamics computations. The results showed that the aluminum yield decreased linearly with increasing residual oxygen in liquid steel. When the mass ratio of free oxygen and carbon （[O]/[C]） in liquid steel before RH decarburization was maintained between 1.5 and 2.0 and the carbon range was from 0.030wt% to 0.040wt%, the residual oxygen after RH natural decarburization was low and easily controlled. To satisfy the requirement for RH decarburization, the carbon and free oxygen at the BOF endpoint should be controlled to be between 297 × 10^6 and 400 × 10^-6 and between 574 × 10^-6 and 775 × 10^-6, respectively, with a temperature of 1695 to 1715℃ and a furnace campaign of 1000 to 5000 heats.

关键词： low carbon steel smelting decarburization cleanness

Relationship between copper content of slag and matte in the SKS copper smelting process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第3期26卷 301-308页

作者： Qin-meng Wang Song-song Wang Miao Tian Ding-xuan Tang Qing-hua Tian Xue-yi Guo School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Resources Recycling School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering Central South University

In the newly developed oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing copper smelting process(also known as the SKS copper smelting process), Cu loss in slag is one of the most concerning issues. This paper presents our research results concerning the relationship between the Cu content of the matte and slag in the SKS process; the results are based on actual industrial production in the Dongying Fangyuan copper smelter. The results show that the matte grade strongly influences Cu losses in slag. The dissolved and entrained losses account for 10%–20% and 80%–90% of the total SKS industrial Cu losses in slag, respectively. With increasing matte grade, the dissolved and entrained Cu losses in the SKS slag both increase continuously. When the matte grade is greater than 68%, the content of Cu in the smelting slag increases much more dramatically. To obtain a high direct recovery of copper, the matte grade should be less than 75% in industrial SKS copper production.

关键词： copper smelting oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing matte grade Cu loss SKS process

Effect of diboron trioxide on the crushing strength and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite pellets

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第11期24卷 1228-1240页

作者： Gong-jin Cheng Zi-xian Gao He Yang Xiang-xin Xue School of Metallurgy Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China Liaoning Key Laboratory of Recycling Science for Metallurgical Resources Shenyang 110819 China

The effect of diboron trioxide(B_2O_3) on the crushing strength and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite pellets was investigated in this work. The main characterization methods were X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy, mercury injection porosimetry, X-ray diffraction, metallographic microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the crushing strength increased greatly with increasing B_2O_3 content and that the increase in crushing strength was strongly correlated with a decrease in porosity, the formation of liquid phases, and the growth and recrystallization consolidation of hematite crystalline grains. The smelting properties were measured under simulated blast furnace conditions; the results showed that the smelting properties within a certain B_2O_3 content range were improved and optimized except in the softening stage. The valuable element B was easily transformed to the slag, and this phenomenon became increasingly evident with increasing B_2O_3 content. The formation of Ti(C,N) was mostly avoided, and the slag and melted iron were separated well during smelting with the addition of B_2O_3. The size increase of the melted iron was consistent with the gradual optimization of the dripping characteristics with increasing B_2O_3 content.

关键词： high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite pellets diboron trioxide crushing strength smelting mechanism

Behavior of an indigenously fabricated transferred arc plasma furnace for smelting studies

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第3期20卷 136-145页

作者： A K MANDAL R K DISHWAR O P SINHA Department of Metallurgical Engineering IIT(BHU)

The utilization of industrial solid waste for metal recovery requires high-temperature tools due to the presence of silica and alumina, which is reducible at high temperature. In a plasma arc furnace, transferred arc plasma furnace（TAP） can meet all requirements, but the disadvantage of this technology is the high cost. For performing experiments in the laboratory, the TAP was fabricated indigenously in a laboratory based on the different inputs provided in the literature for the furnace design and fabrication. The observed parameters such as arc length, energy consumption, graphite electrode consumption, noise level as well as lining erosion were characterized for this fabricated furnace. The nitrogen plasma increased by around 200 K（200 ℃） melt temperature and noise levels decreased by ~10 d B compared to a normal arc.Hydrogen plasma offered 100 K（100 ℃） higher melt temperature with ~5 d B higher sound level than nitrogen plasma. Nitrogen plasma arc melting showed lower electrode and energy consumption than normal arc melting, whereas hydrogen plasma showed lower energy consumption and higher electrode consumption in comparison to nitrogen plasma. The higher plasma arc temperature resulted in a shorter meltdown time than normal arc with smoother arcing. Hydrogen plasma permitted more heats, reduced meltdown time, and lower energy consumption, but with increased graphite consumption and crucible wear. The present study showed that the fabricated arc plasma is better than the normal arc furnace with respect to temperature generation, energy consumption, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, it could be used effectively for smelting-reduction studies.

关键词： smelting transferred arc plasma furnace characterization hydrogen and nitrogen plasma hollow electrode graphite and magnesite lining

Preparing high-purity iron by direct reduction?smelting separation of ultra-high-grade iron concentrate

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第4期27卷 454-462页

作者： Feng Li Qing-jie Zhao Man-sheng Chu Jue Tang Zheng-gen Liu Jia-xin Wang Sheng-kang Li School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

A new process for preparing high-purity iron(HPI)was proposed,and it was investigated by laboratory experiments and pilot tests.The results show that under conditions of a reduced temperature of 1075°C,reduced time of 5 h,and CaO content of 2.5wt%,a DRI with a metallization rate of 96.5%was obtained through coal-based direct reduction of ultra-high-grade iron concentrate.Then,an HPI with a Fe purity of 99.95%and C,Si,Mn,and P contents as low as 0.0008wt%,0.0006wt%,0.0014wt%,and 0.0015wt%,respectively,was prepared by smelting separation of the DRI using a smelting temperature of 1625°C,smelting time of 45 min,and CaO content of 9.3wt%.The product of the pilot test with a scale of 0.01 Mt/a had a lower impurity content than the Chinese industry standard.An HPI with a Fe purity of 99.98wt%can be produced through the direct reduction?smelting separation of ultra-high-grade iron concentrate at relatively low cost.The proposed process shows a promising prospect for application in the future.

关键词： ultra-high-grade iron concentrate high-purity iron coal-based direct reduction smelting separation pilot test

Solution behavior of ZnS and ZnO in eutectic Na_2CO_3-NaCl molten salt used for Sb smelting

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Journal of Central South University 2017年第6期24卷 1269-1274页

作者：叶龙刚胡宇杰夏志美唐朝波陈永明唐谟堂 School of Metallurgical Engineering Hunan University of Technology School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University

The solution behavior, including solubility, reactivity and sedimentation, of ZnO and ZnS in a Na_2CO_3-NaCl molten salt used for Sb smelting was investigated in the temperature range of 700-1000 oC. The saturated amount of dissolved ZnO in the molten salt remained constant at 0.02% and was unaffected by temperature; additionally, ZnO did not react with the molten salt. In contrast, the saturated amount of dissolved ZnS in the eutectic molten salt increased with increasing temperature, and the content of ZnS was 0.53% at 1000 oC. In addition, ZnS reacted with Na_2CO_3 above 900 oC to give ZnO. The sedimentation rates of these three species in the molten salt followed the order of Sb>ZnS>ZnO. It was thus concluded that ZnO is an appropriate sulfur-fixing agent for low-temperature Sb smelting in a Na_2CO_3-NaCl molten medium, and that the optimal smelting temperature is below 900 oC.

关键词： solubility molten salt sulfur-fixing smelting sedimentation

Municipal Waste Disposal by High Temperature smelting Technique

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2004年第4期11卷 10-14页

作者： SHEN Zong-bin ZHANG Chun-xia ZHANG You-ping LIU Kun Central Iron and Steel Research Institute

Municipal waste disposal system by high temperature smelting has the following characteristics:1 The smelting temperature is as high as 1 700-1 800 ℃;2 The dioxin is hardly produced;3 The secondary pollution can be avoided because of the absence of heavy metals in the flux;4 The metals and flux after disposal can be reused for construction materials.If outdated,the idle or discarded medium and small blast furnaces can be reconstructed into a waste resource system with high temperature smelting technique,and it is possible to make full use of their existing functions to reduce the investment and exploit their social function of environmental protection.In addition,a new waste disposal system with high temperature smelting was designed based on the recycling municipal waste technology abroad.

关键词： waste smelting high temperature dioxin heavy metal

Simulation of moving boundary of the reaction shaft in a flash smelting furnace

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Journal of Central South University 2001年第3期13卷 213-218页

作者： CHEN Zhuo 1,MEI Chi 1,CHEN Hong-rong 1,MO Jiao 2 (1 Institute on Simulation and Optimization of Pyro-installation, Central Sout h University, Changsha 410083, China 2 Science School, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 1 Institute on Simulation and Optimization of Pyro-installation Central South University Changsha China Science School Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China

As to solve the online monitoring of the inner temperatur e and freezing profile of the reaction shaft of flash smelting furnace, simulation of the wall in the reaction shaft in a flash smelting furnace was made through numerical computation. The computational results are very near the data got in s ite. The error of the moving boundary is approximately 3%, and that of the tempe rature is less than 5%. It is proved that the simulation software is applicable for practice to monitor the temperature and moving boundary inside the hearth on line. Based on a large number of the data computed, the relation between the cha nge of the moving boundary and inner temperature is summarized, and the great in fluence of the cooling system on the forming and stability of the moving boundar y inside the hearth is emphasized, which provide the theoretical bases for optim izing the flash smelting operation.

关键词： flash smelting furnace moving boundary numerical comput ation simulation